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PEKA FORM 3
Nama: Angka Giliran: ..
Tingkatan: 3 .................. Perkara: PEKA SAINS
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Title
Aim
Hypothesis
The scientificknowledge
Variables
Stages in the germination of seeds.
To study the conditions needed for seeds
germination.
A seeds will germinate only if there is
water, air and suitable temperature.
A seed germinate when it starts to grow
radicle first and then the plumule.
a. Constant variable : Type of seed
b. Manipulated variable: conditions for
seed germination
c. Responding variable: Seed germination.
C12 a
C12 b
C12 c
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Equipment Iwill need touse.
Brief outlinehow l will carry
out theexperiment.
Materials Green peas, oil, cotton, cooled
boiled water, labeling paper.
Apparatus - Test tubes, refrigerator, test
tube rack, thread, ruler
Diagram.
C12 e
C12 d
C12 g
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Procedure1. Four test tube are prepared,
labeled A, B, C and D were
prepared, with their contents asshown in the diagram.
2. Test tube A, B and C placed in the
laboratory and test tube D isplaced in the refrigerator.
3. The seeds are observed or
measured after two days.
C12 f
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Result orObservation Time in days 0 1 2 3
Total length of radiclein test tube A in cm
0 0.4 0.8 1.2
Total length of radicle
in test tube B in cm
0 0 0 0
Total length of radiclein test tube C in cm
0 0 0 0
Total length of radiclein test tube D in cm 0 0 0 0
C14 i
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Length
of
radicle
in test
tube /cm
Time/ days
C14 ii, iii
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
1 2 3 4
x
x
x
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Observation
Testtube
Presence ofGermination of
seedWater Air Warmth
A / / / Germinate
B X / / Does notgerminate
C / X /Does notgerminate
D / / X Does notgerminate
C16 b
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Stages in seed germination [test tube A]
C14 iii
Radicle grows
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What myresults mean
Conclusion
Radicle will grow in length/ seed will
germinate when there are water, air and
suitable temperature
If water is absent, the seed will not
germinate (because all three conditions are
required for seed to germinate.)
How well do my results support my original
hypothesis?
The hypothesis is accepted
A seed will germinate only if water, air and
suitable temperature are present.
C15 a
C15 b
C16 a
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CONSTRUCT SCORE
C12 Planning scientific investigation a, b, c, d, e, f, g (3)
C13 Conducting investigation 2 or 3
C14 Collecting and recording i, ii, iii (3)
C15 Analysing and interpreting data a, b (2)
C16 Making conclusion a, b (2)
C17 Noble values 2 or 3
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GOOD LUCK
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PEKA FORM 1Nama: Angka Giliran: ..
Tingkatan: 3 .................. Perkara: PEKA SAINS
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Title
Aim
Material
Apparatus
Procedure
Understanding the Concept of Density
To study the density of solids and liquids.
water, cork, sand, petrol
100 ml measuring cylinder, beaker
1. I put water, petrol, sand followed by
the cork into the measuring cylinder.
2. I drew what I observed about the
substances in a diagram.
C6d, e
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Observation
i) Cork, sand, water and petrol arematter.
ii) Based on the substances used,
examples of:
Glass
Ice cube
Cork
Petrol
Water
Glass
Ice cube
Cork
Petrol
Water
Sand
C1a,b,c,d)
C6a,b,c,d,e
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a) a) solid: cork, sand
b) liquid: petrol, water
C6a
iii) a) cork / petrol floats on water;
b) sand sinks in water /
a) cork float on petrol ;
b) water/ sand sink in petrol
C2aC4a
C6b
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Discussion andanalysis.
iv) The density of these substances affect
their buoyancies.
C4b
v) The cork sinks when a nail added to it
because it denser than water.
C4a
(a)i) Cork floats on water because it is less
dense than water.
ii) Sand sinks in water because it is more
dense than water.
ii) Cork float on petrol because it is less
dense / Water sinks in petrol because it
is more dense than petrol.
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Sequence of densities of substances in
ascending order:
Cork petrol water sand.
C1f
C8b
(b)
i) The buoyancy of a substance dependson its density C4b
ii) A less dense solid/substance floats in a
more dense liquid.
iii) A denser/ more dense substance sinks
in a less dense liquid.
C 8 a b c d
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C5a,b,c,d
Substance Density [gcm-3]
Cork 0.25
Petrol 0.75
Ice 0.92
Water 1.0
Sand 2.6
Mercury 13.6
1. Using the results and table, predict theposition of ice and mercury if all thesubstances were put together in a gas jar.C4c
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ii) Draw a suitable diagram and label the
substances.
Glass
Ice cube
Cork
Petrol
Water
Glass
Ice cube
Cork
Petrol
Water
Sand
C5 a, b, c
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Float on water Do not float on watercork sand
petrol mercury
ice
ii) Another criteria we can use to group thesubstances is buoyancy of substancein petrol.
C2c
i) Based on the results and table ofdensities, the substances are
classified into two groups based onthe common property:-
C2d
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Conclusion Different substances have different
densities.
C8d
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GOOD LUCK
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PEKA FORM 2
Nama: Angka Giliran: ..
Tingkatan: 2 .................. Perkara: PEKA SAINS
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Title
Aim
Hypothesis
Variables
Apparatus/Materials
Application of frictional force.
To study the effect of types of surfaces on
the magnitude of frictional force.
The rougher the surface, the greater the
magnitude of frictional force on the wooden
block.a. Manipulated : Type of surface
b. Responding : Magnitude of frictional
c. Fixed : Size of wooden block
Spring balanced, thread, wooden block,table, oil/grease, aluminium foil,
sandpaper, graph paper.
C11a C11b
C10a
C10b
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1. The apparatus setup is as shown inthe figure. C6e
2. A wooden block is hooked to a springbalance with a thread. C3d
3. The wooden block is then placed onthe surface of the table.
4. The wooden block is pulled along thetable and the reading of the springbalance is taken when the block startsto move.
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Observationand result
5. The experiment is repeated by pullingthe wooden block on three otherdifferent types of surfaces. C10c
6. All the readings were recorded in atable.
a) Table of result.
C4 a
C6 a,
b, c, d
C6 eType of Surface Condition ofSurface
Reading of
SpringBalance/(N) C3f
Surface of woodentable
Rough 5.8 N
Aluminium foil onsurface table Smooth 4.5 N
Oil on surface oftable
Very smooth 3.6 N
Sandpaper onsurface of table
Very rough 6.5 N
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b) Graph of magnitude of frictional forceby types of surface.
MAGNITUDE OF FRICTIONAL FORCE BY TYPE OF SURFACE
5.8
4.5
6.5
3.6
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
wooden table aluminium foil sandpaper oi l/grease
Magnitudeof frictionalforce
Types of surface
C6bC8b
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Discussion andanalysis
7.1 Reading of spring balance is the magnitudeof frictional force.
7.2 The reading of spring balance just before/when object starts to move represents themaximum magnitude of friction that acts on object.
7.3 Yes, the different types of surfaces affect themagnitude of frictional force.
a) i) The surface of sandpaper gives the greatestmagnitude of friction.
ii) The oily surface gives the lowest magnitudeof friction C4 a
b) i) The rough surface increases the frictionalforce on the wooden block.
ii) The smooth surface decreases the frictionalforce on the wooden block
C8 c, d
C1-3
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a) Frictional force is the reading of spring balancewhen the wooden block is pulled on thesurface.
C9 a
b) Frictional force varies with / depends on thetypes of surfaces.
C8 c
a) The types of surface influences the magnitudeof frictional force
C4 b
b) We can reduce friction by putting
oil/grease/aluminium foil on the surface of table.
c) We can put roller under the cardboard (anysuitable answer)
C4 c
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Conclusion Different types of surfaces can change themagnitude of frictional force.
C4c
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GOOD LUCK
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PEKA FORM 2
Nama: Angka Giliran: ..
Tingkatan: 2 .................. Perkara: PEKA SAINS
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Learningobjective
Aim
Variables
SOLUTION AND SOLUBILITY
To study the effect of different volumes of
water on the rate of dissolving salt.
a) Manipulated : Volume of waterb) Responding : Time taken to
dissolve the salt
c) Fixed/constant : Mass of salt/
temperature ofwater/rate of
stirring/type of salt
C10a, b
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Apparatus/materials
Procedure
Beam balance, stopwatch, 3 beakers
(250ml), fine salt, glass rod, measuring
cylinder.
1. Beaker A is filled with 50ml of water,
beaker B is filled with 100ml of water and
beaker C is filled with 200 ml of water.
2. Water is at room temperature.3. 10g of salt is weighed with a beam
balance and added to each beaker
4. The solution in each beaker is stirred at
the same rate until all the salt dissolved
completely.
5. Time taken for salt to dissolve is
recorded for each beaker. C10c
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C3d
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Observation Table of results:
C3 a,b,c,e,f1. The salt grains cannot be seen
anymore when all the salt iscompletely dissolved.
C1d, e2. (i) 200ml of water in Beaker Cdissolves salt first(ii) 50 ml of water in Beaker Adissolves salt last. C1f
C1 a,b,c,d
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C5a,bC7a,b,c
C6a,b,c,d,e
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Discussion andanalysis
(i) 200ml of water in Beaker C dissolvessalt the fastest because it has thelargest volume of water.
(ii) 50ml of water in Beaker A dissolvessalt the slowest because it has thelowest volume of water.Salt dissolves in water to form salt
solution. In word equation :- C8d,c
SALT + WATER SALT SOLUTION
Solute Solvent
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The larger the volume of water, the lesstime taken do dissolve salt / As the volumeof water increases, the time taken to
dissolve salt decreases. C11a,b
(i) Rate of dissolving salt is time taken todissolve all (10 g ) salt completely inwater
(ii) Varies with / depends on volume ofwater. C9a,b(iii) Reading of stop watch If more than 200ml of water is used, the time taken todissolve salt will be less than 45 seconds.
Based on the graph, the time taken todissolve salt in 150 ml of water is 50
seconds. C5c
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Conclusion Time taken do dissolve salt depends onthe volume of water / Time taken todissolve salt is affected by the volume of
water.C8c
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GOOD LUCK
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PEKA FORM 1
Nama: Angka Giliran: ..
Tingkatan: 1 .................. Perkara: PEKA SAINS
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Aim
Variables
Hypothesis
The size of the container affects the length
of time a candle burn.
To investigate the size of the container
affect time of a candle burn.
a. Kept constant: The size of candleb. Manipulated : The size of container
c. Responding : The length of taken for
a candle burn.
The bigger size of the beaker, the longer
the time taken for a candle to burn.
C10a, b
C11a, b
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Diagram
Procedure 1. Candles P, Q and R were fixed on the tableusing plasticine.
2. The three candles were lighted.3. Each beaker inverted over a burning
candle of the same type and size at thesame time. C10c
4. The length of time of each candle burnswere observed and recorded. C6a,b,c,d,e
C1a, b, c, d, e, f
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Observation
Analysis
Beaker A Beaker B Beaker C
Candle burns fora longer period.
Candle burn fora long period.
Candle burns fora short while.
C6a, b, c, d, e
C1a, e
a) The candle burns for the;(i) longest time in beaker A C4a
(ii) shortest time in beaker C C8ab) The largest beaker has the most amount of air. C8dc) Air contain oxygen. Oxygen is needed for
combustion.C4b
d) Sequence of length of time candle burns indescending order:
Candle P candle Q candle RC8b
e) Time taken for candle to burn is affected by the sizeof beaker.
C8c
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Conclusion The bigger the size of the container the
longer the time taken for a candle to burn /
A large container allows a candle to burn in
it than a small container.
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GOOD LUCK
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PEKA FORM 2
Nama: Angka Giliran: ..
Tingkatan: 1 .................. Perkara: PEKA SAINS
Obj ti A l i A id d Alk li
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Objective
Aim
Variables
Hypothesis
Analyzing Acid and Alkali
To determine the acidic and alkaline
substances in daily life.
Manipulated : Type of substances.Responding : The color changes of
litmus paper.Fixed/Constant : Volume of solutions.
The substances is acidic when the blue
litmus paper turn to red, the substances is
alkaline when the red litmus paper turn to
blue.
C10 b
C10a
A t / T t t b d lit bl lit
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Apparatus/materials
Procedure
-Test tube, red litmus paper, blue litmuspaper.- Soap solution, lime juice, distilled water,
lime water, vinegar, baking powder andpineapple juice.
1.Seven beakers are prepared.2. A beaker is filled with 10 ml of soapsolution.3. Procedure 2 is repeated by using othersubstances.4. Each beaker is labeled as follow :
C10c
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5. A red litmus paper is put into beaker Afollowed by a blue litmus paper.
6. Procedure 5 is repeated with beaker B,
C, D, E, F and G.
7. The changes of the litmus paper areobserved and recorded.
C10c
Beaker Solutions
A Soap solution.
B Lime water
C Baking powder
D Vinegar
E Pineapple juice
F Lime juice
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Observation Table of result.
C1a,b,c,de,f
Blue litmuspaper
Red litmuspaper
Beaker
10ml typeof solution
Beaker SolutionsThe Color change
of litmus paper
Condition of
substances
A Soap. Red to Blue Alkaline
B Lime water Red to Blue Alkaline
C Baking powder Red to Blue Alkaline
D Vinegar Blue to red Acidic
E Pineapple juice Blue to red Acidic
F Lime juice Blue to red Acidic
b) From your observation list down
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b) From your observation, list downAcidic substances;Vinegar, lime juice and pineapple juiceAlkaline substances;
Baking powder, lime water and soap.
c) What are the color changes of litmus paper forAcidic substances;C8-b: have a pattern
Blue to red. Alkaline substances;Red to blue.
d) State the relationship between the types ofsolution and the changes of litmus paper.From the observation, when the blue litmus paperturn to red, the substances is acidic. While if thered litmus paper turn to blue, the substances isalkaline.
C10c
8 Discussion 8 1 Give the operational definition for :
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8. Discussionand analysis.
8.1. Give the operational definition for :i. Acidic is when blue litmus paper turns tored if it is put into acidic solution.
ii. Alkaline is when red litmus paper turns toblue if put into the alkaline solution.
1. Are the properties of an alkaline shownby the dry baking powder?
No.2. What can be done to change the redlitmus paper to blue?
C10c
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C10c