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Peloponnesian WarGreek Achievements
Athenian Power
• Persian Wars ended– Alliances- an agreement to work together
• Delian League– Athens and other city-states
• Peloponnesian League– Sparta and others
Growth of Athens worried the Spartans and they declared war
Peloponnesian War
A war between Athens and Sparta that threatened to tear all of Greece apart.
War
• For 10 years, neither side could gain an advantage– TRUCE
• Athens started to expand again
• Sparta attacked again– 404 BC won– WAR OVER, Sparta victorious
• Sparta most powerful city-state for 30 years
Greek Achievements• Art
• Architecture
• Writing
• Philosophy• Science
Art
• Tried to make everything look perfect– Used stone and
marble
• Known for its realism and detail
Architecture
• Wanted their buildings to reflect their greatness
• Parthenon– Built on Athenian acropolis in 400’s BC– Magnificent on the inside and outside
Parthenon
Writing
• Created new writing forms– Examples: drama, history
• Created plays as part of their religious ceremonies
Philosophy
• Believed in the human mind to think, explain, and understand life
Socrates
• Teacher and thinker
• Believed people should never stop looking for knowledge– Socratic Method (Ask questions)
• Was accused of questioning the authority of the gods– Was arrested and sentenced to death
Socrates
Plato
• Student of Socrates
• Teacher and Philosopher
• Ran the Academy– School where students, philosophers,
scientists could discuss ideas
• The Republic (book)– Ideal society- based on justice and
fairness
Plato
Aristotle
• Plato’s student
• Perhaps greatest Greek thinker
• People should live balanced lives– Based on reason: clear and ordered thinking
• Logic: inferences– Use facts to figure out other facts
Aristotle
Science• Mathematics
– Euclid• Studied and wrote geometry rules
– Lines, angles, shapes
• Medicine / Engineering– Hippocrates
• Figured our what causes diseases to treat them• Known for his ideas on how doctor’s should
behave
– Archimedes• Water screws
Euclid