PENEX Operation

7/23/2019 PENEX Operation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/penex-operation 1/34

PENEX PROCESSTECHNOLOGY

OVERVIEW



PENEX Process Objectives

• Why PENEX???

• Conversion of normal paraffins to iso-paraffins

• Principal application of isomerization is the

conversion of normal C5 and C6 material

• Pentane (C5 ! "e#ane (C6 $somerization

provides hi%her octane (&'-) *+NC

components to the %asoline pool,

• enzene sat.ration reaction helps meet aromatic

concentration standards



Component Ben!e! Oct"ne V"#es



Process Bene$ts

• )//0 1enzene sat.ration

• "i%h 2ields

• 3o4 severity reactor operations

! +peratin% press.re (),5 %7cm'(%

! 3o4 8emperat.res (9 '/:°C

• E#cellent catalyst sta1ility

! ;p to )/-)' year catalyst lives

• Capa1le of processin% 4ide ran%e of feedstocs



C%emistr&

• $somerization

• enzene <at.ration

• *in% +penin%• "ydrocracin%

• "eavies =ormation

Reactions take place over a dual function catalyst - Metal function (platinum)

- Acid function (chloride)



Isomeri'"tion Re"ctions

C

Methylcyclopentane (MCP)

89.3 RON

96.0 RON

Cyclohexane (CH)

84 RON

84.0 RON

C-C-C-C-C

n-Pentane (nC5)

61.8 RON(RON

!opentane ("C5)

93 RON93.5 RON

C-C-C-CC




C-C-C-C-C-Cn-hexane (nC6)

#4.8 RON

31.0 RON

#-Methylpentane (#MP)

$3.4 RONN

C-C-C-C-C

C

3-Methylpentane (3MP)

$4.5 RON

C-C-C-C-C

C

#%3-&"'ethlytane (#%3&M*)

104.3 RON

C-C-C-C

C

C

#%#-&"'ethyltane (#%#&M*)

91.8 RON

C-C-C-C

C

C




• *e>.ires metal and acid f.nctions

• E>.ili1ri.m limited

• <li%htly e#othermic

• No hydro%en cons.med• $ncreases octane



Ben'ene S"t#r"tion

• enzene sat.rates to cyclohe#ane

• Cyclohe#ane (C" in e>.ili1ri.m 4ithmethylcyclopentane (CP

• *e>.ires only metal f.nction

C

MCPentane

96.0 RON

Cyclohexane

84.0 RON

*en+ene

1#0.0 RON

100, 40-60,

3H# Pt



Ben'ene S"t#r"tion

• $mmediate 4ith platin.m sites and presence of hydro%en

• No acid sites re>.ired• )//0 complete

• "i%hly e#othermic ('5# isomerization@ 5# hydrocracin%

• Cons.mes moles "' per mole of 1enzene

• *ed.ces octane ()'/ z &: C" A 6 CP• 3imit z in feed to B5 vol0

! B))C *# 1ed delta8 7 ) vol0 z

! B55C total delta8 7 reactor



Rin) Openin) Re"ctions

• C" and CP open to C6 paraffins• Cyclohe#ane (C" in e>.ili1ri.m 4ith

methylcyclopentane (CP

C

MCPentane

96.0 RON

Cyclohexane

84.0 RON

*en+ene

1#0.0 RON

100, 40-60,

3H# Pt

C*C*C*C*C*

C30, 30,



Rin) Openin) Re"ctions

• Competes for the platin.m sites

• oderately e#othermic

• '/-:/ 4t0 openin%

• Cons.mes ) moles "' per mole of rin% opened• *ed.ces octane

• $ncreases 4ith lead reactor temperat.re increase

• "i%her temperat.res favor CP



H&!rocr"c+in)

• 3on%er chain molec.les 1rea to smaller ones



H&!rocr"c+in)

• 8ri%%ered 1y hi%h reactor temperat.res and catalyst

acid sites• E#othermic• Cons.mes ) moles "' per mole of craced material

• C5 and C6paraffin hydrocracin% is minimal

• D1o.t 5/0 of CEF paraffins hydrocrac to C:and C paraffins• C5F yield loss

• Ca.sed 1yG

! "i%her CF in feed

! "i%her r# temperat.res p.shin% e>.ili1ri.m

! 8emperat.re e#c.rsion



He"vies ,orm"tion

• CF =ormed in PENEX reactors d.e to Dlylation

• =ormation of CF A"ydrocracin% are sim.ltaneo.s,



Isomeri'"tion C"t"&st

• H.al f.nction catalyst (metal7acid

! etal is platin.m ! Dcid is chloride

• etal impre%nated on a hi%h s.rface area al.mina-o#ide

• Dctive sites are 1o.nd al.mina-chloride

• Iray e#tr.date or %ray trilo1e e#tr.date

• H.al f.nction 1alance is maintained 1yG ! Perchloroethylene inJection

• <ensitive to contaminants and non-re%enera1le



C"t"&st Promotor * C%ori!e

CC

C*C*

HH--CC**

C*C*

C*C*

C*C*C*C*

H.H.C/C/

C(C(

C/0 C(0 H.0 HCC/0 C(0 H.0 HC

• Contin.o.s chloride inJection re>.ired to maintain activity,

CC''ClCl

:: F 5" F 5"

'' --------K :"Cl F C--------K :"Cl F C

''""

66 @@ 8K)/58K)/5++CC

• "ydro%en and hydrocar1on can strip 1o.nd chlorides from thecatalyst if the partial press.re of chloride s.rro.ndin% the catalystis too lo4,

• 3o4 or loss of chloride inJection 4ill permanently deactivate thecatalyst,



• <ensitivity of isomerisation catalyst to o#y%enates

(C+7C+'C+ F "C+ F "'' --------K C"--------K C":: F " F "''+ F "eat @ 8L '/:+ F "eat @ 8L '/:++CC

C+C+'' F :"' --------K C" F :"' --------K C":: F '" F '"''+ F "eat @ 8L )6+ F "eat @ 8L )6++CC

• <ide reactionsG +lefin hydro%enation@ C'F cracin%<ide reactionsG +lefin hydro%enation@ C'F cracin%

• +peratin% temperat.re G '/:+peratin% temperat.re G '/:++CC ! '5/ ! '5/ ++CC

• C+C+'' A moist.re removed 1y ae.p Ias Hriers,A moist.re removed 1y ae.p Ias Hriers,

)&

1ETH2N2TOR



C/ * C( Isomeri'"tion Terms

• Prod.ct *atios@ 4t0 or mol0 ! iC57C5P L iC57(iC5FnC5 # )//0

! '@'H7C6P L '@'H7C6 Paraffins # )//0

! '@H7C6P L '@ H7C6 Paraffins # )//0

! C6 Paraffins L '@'H F '@H F P F CP F C" F nC6

• P$N (Paraffin $somerization N.m1er@ 4t0

! M (iC57C5P F '@'H7C6P F '@H7C6P

• =eed X-factor@ 4t0

! M (CP F C" F F CF



i C 5 / C 5 P

iC4 / C4P

3.1P-41P56C(P

#-3 &M*C6P

.*. 71B 6 C(P

1#1 C 149 C 1$$ C

/

a 0 R x

/ e

a 1 R x

#04 C



Oct"nes o8 E9#iibri#m 1i:t#res

2 o t a l C 5 - C

6

C 5 P a3 a4 4 " n!

C 6 P a 3 a 4 4 " n !

70

72

74

76

78

80

82

84

86

8890

100 150 200 250 300

2e'peate% C

R O N

302ºF 392ºF

/ a 0 R x

/ e a 1 R x



Le"! "n! L") R: IC/ Pro!#ctR"tio

;<<44<

EOR

EOR

4/<.;<

SOR

SOR

==

;/

=.

Re"ctor O#tet Temper"t#re0 ,

I C / P r o ! # c t R " t i o E 9 # i i b r i # m

I C / 6 C /

P 2 R 2 , , I N S P R

O 7 > C T R 2 T I O 0

W t ?

,ee! 31inim#m5

116 C 16$ C #04 C



PENEX PROCESS,LOW @

EA>IP1ENTS



PENEX Process Objectives

• asic flo4 dia%ram

• =eed <ection• *eactor A E#chan%er section,

• <ta1ilizer

• Net Ias <cr.11er

• H$"



B"sic ,o 7i")r"m

Pro!#ctSide DrawMPs, n-C6

Deisohexanier !D"#$

%o&&o's C7(, 'in n-C6

)*erheadC5+, DM%

Receiver

"so'era&e

Stabilizer

Reboiler

FreshS+en&

Cas&i.

/as&o Fe

Scrubber

MU Gas

Driers

Reactors

Liquid

Driers

Mae-+

#droen

ih&

a+h&ha

Surge

Drum

C2

C4

Steam

Heater

!" H!"

#) Penex



,EE7 SECTION ,EE7 @ 12DE>P G2S7RIERS

'6



,EE7 7RIERS

'



12DE>P G2S 7RIERS

'&

RE2CTOR @ EXCH2NGER SECTION



RE2CTOR @ EXCH2NGER SECTION

'

Steam

Heater

2o ta"l"+e

Reactors

C2C4

!" H!"

H7&RON :ROM M;<=P

; &RR

N;PH2H; :ROM :& =R

&R=M

L"#D L#G

S bii @ N G S bb



St"bii'er @ Net G"s Scr#bber

/

o D"#

e.ei*er

o Fe /as

#eader

Cas&i.

o Fe /as

Coaes.er

S & a 9

i 0 i e

r

C

h i 0 0 e r

S.rer

P/ S&ri++er

7 I % i



)

7IH

7IH

Receiver

1PSte"m

,romSt"biiser

Si!e*!r" to ,ee!7riers

)*erheadC5+, DM%

%o&&o's C7(, 'in n-C6

o&a "so'era&e

Side DrawMPs, n-C6

7e*Iso%e:"ni'er






Step 1: Formation of Olen Intermediate

Step 2: Formation of Carbonium Ion

Step 3: Carbonium Ion Rearrangement

Step 4: Formation of Isoolen intermediar!

Step ": #######



IN7I2N G2SOLINE SPECI,IC2TIONS

Chaacte"!t"c! =n"t *- *-

<.lph.r@ 8otal@a#

PP 5// )5/

3ead Content(asP1@ a#

%7l /,/) /,//5

enzene@ Content 0 Ool.me 5 )

*esearch +ctaneN.m1er

&& )

Date post:	17-Feb-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	coolmanyu2k5
View:	214 times
Download:	0 times

PENEX Operation

Documents