pengajian malaysia bab 3

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CHAPTER 3

MALAYSIAN STUDIES

THE FORMATION OF MALAYSIA

SCHOOL OF GENERAL STUDIESFACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND COMMUNICATION

PREPARED BY:SITI AISHAH BT AHMAD

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CHAPTER 3: The Formation of Malaysia

At the end of this chapter, students should be able to:

Recognise the reasons for the formation of Malaysia.

Observe the process in forming Malaysia.

Take note of the reactions from ASEAN countries, Sabah and

Sarawak towards the formation of Malaysia.

Explain the formation of Malaysia issued by Brunei and

Singapore.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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3.1 The Formation Of The Federation Of Malaysia

3.2 The Purpose Of The Formation Of Malaysia

3.3 The Responses Towards The Formation Of Malaysia

3.4 The Process Of Formation

3.5 The Issues Of Brunei And Singapore

3.5.1 The Issue Of Brunei

3.5.2 The Issue Of Singapore

3.6 The Response Of ASEAN Nations- Indonesia And Philippines

3.7 Activity

TOPIC OUTLINES

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INTRODUCTION

After the independence 1957, Malaysia

gave an idea to unite with it’s

neighbour countries in order to form

one independence state. Lot of

obstacles and confrontations faced by

the former leaders to achieve their

mission and vision.

Tunku Abdul Rahman played an

important role to inform and unite the

states by telling them the importance

of being part of Malaysia and what they

can promise in order to free Sabah and

Sarawak from British invasion.

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In 1955 during the UMNO

General Assembly, Tunku

Abdul Rahman had

mentioned the idea to invite

Singapore to join Malaya and

then further it more to

Brunei, Sarawak and British

North Borneo

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Five states were recommended to become a part of Malaya:

Brunei British North Borneo (Sabah)

Sarawak

Singapore

Federation of Malaya

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Many factors had a hand in the formation of

Malaysia. A political factor, important to all the

future member states, was the issue of peace

and stability in the region.

The countries felt that they would be more

successful in containing the growing communist

threat if controlled cooperatively within

Malaysia.

Economic and social factors including

cooperation in the development of natural

resources and the nurturing of better

understanding of the new identity were other

factors that attracted the people of the

prospective member countries.

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In launching the Malaysian dream, Tunku and Kuala Lumpur underwent many

difficulties. Two forms of problems were experienced at different stages.

Visit after visit was made to inform the people besides discussion with the

leaders of the countries concerned. After much consultation and action, various

committees were set up.

Malaysia finally came into being. Initially four countries, Brunei, Sabah, Sarawak

and Singapore were interested to become members

At the last minute, Brunei backed out because of differences in the consideration

of status and authority

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To curtail communist threats in ASEAN countries.

To speed up the process of independence.

To form understanding and cooperation in the economic sectors.

To protect the Bumiputera communities of Sabah and Sarawak.

To preserve of the rights and priorities of the Bumiputeras.

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3.2.1 Factors that lead to the formation

Independence through

unification

Understanding for

development

Economic cooperation

Ethnic balance and unity

Collective fight against

Communism

Click each factor for further explanation.

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3.3 Responses Towards The Formation Of Malaysia

BRITISH

MALAYA

SINGAPORESARAWAK

SABAH

BRUNEI

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3.3.1 Singapore

On the whole, all the political parties

agreed to the concept of Malaysia

and the formation of a new

government and nation. Lee Kuan

Yew was very interested in the

concept.

At the beginning, the Singaporeans

supported the idea but the

transformation in the politics of

Singapore in 1961 altered their

stand.

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3.3.2 Brunei


Even though not all the citizens of

Brunei consented to the formation of

Malaysia, the majority reacted

positively.

Sultan Omar Ali Sarifuddin was

interested and regarded it was an

excellent idea. However, the concept

was opposed by A.M Azahari, who

was the leader of the Brunei People’s

Party

•Two months before the proclamation

of Malaysia, Brunei retreated as it felt it

could not get its rights and had to wait

years in order to rule the country.

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3.3.3 Sabah and Sarawak


The people of Sabah and Sarawak

were very supportive of the formation.

They realised that the formation of

Malaysia meant independence from

British rule.

However, concerns also emerged from

certain parties who were afraid that

their rights as Bumiputera in Sabah

and Sarawak would be affected.

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JPPM (Integration Dialogues Committee) was

introduced.

Members of JPPM were as follows:

a) Headed by Donald Stephen (member of the

HOR in Sabah)

b) Tunku Abdul Rahman (Tanah Melayu)

c) Lee Kwan Yew ( Singapore)

d) Datu Mustapa Datu Harun ( Sabah)

e) Temenggung Jugah Anak Barieng (Sarawak)

f) Dato’ Setia Pengiran Ali ( Brunei)

The reason of the formation:

1).in order to get support from the community.

2).Besides, Tunku Abdul Rahman approached

people by telling them that Sabah and Sarawak

will get independence if they join the formation.

3). To prepare a memorandum on how MALAYSIA

to be established.



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Was established in January 1961.

Headed by Lord Cobbold ( former Governor Bank of England).

Members:

Sir Anthony Abell,

Sir David Watherston,

Muhammad Ghazali Shafi’e

Dato’ Wong Pow Nee.

The Task of this commission was:

1) To oversee the Sabah and Sarawak opinion in the formation.

2) To prepare a draft for constitution


70% of both states agreed with the formation.

1/3 Agreed

1/3 Agreed with condition

1/3 wanted independence first

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JAK (Inter-Governmental Committee)

Was established in August 1962.

Headed by Lord Lansdowne, assisted by Tun Abdul Razak.

Had members from Malaya and England

The task of this committee was to legislate law based on the draft

prepared by the Cobbold Commission.

1) The Islamic Religion was the main religion of the federation.

However, non Muslims in Sabah are free to remain or choose any

based on their belief.

2) The English Language– is the formal language in Sabah and

Sarawak until the House of Representative made their decision to

amend this.

3). The Immigration under the supervision of the state.

4) The Education systems remain as implemented.

5) Parliament representative must be chosen by majority vote and

the width area.

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There were a few UMNO leaders

who were calculative about the

benefits or the loss that Malaya

might face when united with

Singapore.

However, with Sabah and Sarawak

coming into Malaysia, the anxiety

about the Malay privileges in terms

of citizenship ratios was not too

serious.

PAS strongly opposed the

formation of Malaysia.

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British

Generally, the British government agreed

with the formation of Malaysia. The Idea

actually came from them. Sir Malcolm

MacDonald (1947), Donald Marshall and

Tan Sri Ghazali Shafie in 1955.

This combination meant that British

colonial power will be rendered upon the

aborigines and it will preserve the interest

of British investment in the region.

Besides, to strengthen the administration

in Asia Region after the defeat of the

Japanese.

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3.4 The Process Of Formation

June 1961 –Tunku Abdul

Rahman Social Visit to Sabah dan Sarawak,

Brunei

August 1961 –Discussion in

Singapore

Discussion about Borneo

states priorities.

August 1961 –Integration dialogues

committee.

November 1961 – Tunku Abdul Rahman and

British Government discussion in

London.

January 1962 –Cobbold

Commission

Committee August 1962 –

Inter Government

The Singapore Referendum, September

1962

The opposition from Indonesia

and Filipina

June 1963 –United Nation

Mission

The declaration of Malaysia on 16 September

1963

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3.5.1 The Issue of Brunei

At the beginning, the Sultan of Brunei

agreed to the formation as they wanted to

escape from the Philippines and Indonesia.

Besides, there were similarities shared by

Malay Federation and Brunei itself.

The sudden change was due to its

unfulfilled demands.

a) Oil which was the main resources in

Brunei.

b) He had to wait 5 years term in order to

rule the country.

c) Pressure from A.M Azahari. Brunei

People Party leader.

1 2 3Click each button to

go to next page

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3.5.1 The Issue of Singapore


Two years after Singapore joined Malaysia,

the problem of polarization between Malays

and Chinese rose. The mediums of the

conflict were People Action Party (PAP) and

Alliance Party.

Lee Kuan Yew administration was Radical and

lead to the split between his party and United

People’s Party (UPP) was headed by Ong

Eng Guan.

Lee Kuan Yew thought that by joining the

formation would save his reputation.

The first election of the Malaysian Federation

Parliament was held in 1964 and initiated the

split relationship between Singapore and

Kuala Lumpur.

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In August 1961, LKY met TAR to draft a

temporary agreement on the formation. The

contents are:

a) Singapore would be a free duty port.

b) The Singapore education will be

administered by his administration.

c) Singapore will benefit both in economic

sectors.

d) Singapore members of Parliament will

be comprised 15 people.

These conditions resulted in the disagreement

by the federal state.

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In October 1961, The Socialist Party led by Dr

Lee Siew Choh had a meeting to oppose the

administration system and the conditions

made by Lee Kuan Yew on the formation with

Malay Federation.

They wanted to have an election to get the

new President as they found that Lee Kuan

Yew was not proper in his administration.

However the 17 committee and his supporters

managed to clear up everything and PAP

received 71% support.

Opposition by the Socialist Party in

Singapore

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3.6 The Response Of ASEAN Nations: Indonesia And Philippines

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Video 1This video shows that how rankle Indonesia towards Malaysia and lead to the confrontation


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Sukarno launched a confrontation

against Malaysia on January 20th 1963

after the failure of influencing Malaya.

The protest was due to Sukarno’s

feeling when Kuala Lumpur neglected

Indonesia in forming the new country.

The formation of Malaysia also

vanquished the Sukarno’s wish to form

Indonesia Raya.

He faced pressure from PKI led by D.N

Aidit who encouraged his decision to

create confrontation towards Malaysia

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The President of Philippines, Macapagal,

claimed that Sabah was a part of

Philippines originally.

With the formation of Malaysia, the efforts

to reclaim Sabah became more

complicated.

They believed that Sabah was actually

forfeited and not handed by the Sulu

Sultanate to Baron Van Overback and

Alfred Dent.

In opposition, Philippines has stopped its

diplomatic affairs with Malaysia.


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3.6.1 MAPHILINDO

Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sukarno and

Macapagal agreed to hold a congress in

Manila on July 1963.

MAPHILINDO’ allied region was formed in

order to build regional cooperation such as

Economic, Social and Politic.

PBB committee lead by Lawrence

Michealmore agreed to monitor the opinion

of Sabah and Sarawak Residents, where

the result showed that almost 70% agreed

and the constitution drafted by Cobbold

Commission was valid .

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Indonesia and Philippines rejected the report of PBB and stopped the diplomatic affairs

with Malaysia when the proclamation of Malaysia was declared on September 16th 1963.

3.6.2 UNITED NATION

MalayaExample of proclamation of Malaysia in: Sarawak Sabah

Click each button to view images.

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Video 2

3.6.2 UNITED NATION


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3.7 ACTIVITY

Discuss five (5) factors that lead to the

formation of Malaysia.

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NEXT SESSION PREVIEW

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LIST OF REFERENCE

No Reference

1. “Sejarah Malaysia”, Mahdi Shuid, Suzaini Osman, Sazlina Othman,

Pearson Longman, 2006.

2. “Kenegaraan Malaysia”, Ruslan Zainuddin, Mohd Mahadee Ismail,

Zaini Othman, Oxford Fajar, ed.2, 2010.

3. “ Pengajian Malaysia”, Cosmopoint International University College,

2002.

4. “Pengajian Am STPM”, Wong kHEk Seng, Raminah Hj. Sabran and

Kok Meng Kee, Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn Bhd, 2005.

5. “A Doctor in The House, The Memoirs OF Tun Mahathir bin

Mohamad”, Tun Dr Mahathir bin Mohamad, MPH Group Publishing

Sdn Bhd, 2011.

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APPENDIX

Figure Source

Figure 1 http://economy.okezone.com/

Figure 2 http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman.aspx

Figure 2a http://noraitusaya.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/s5030420.jpg

Figure 2b http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GWnfOGIqbys/TVOJ_-

EVAiI/AAAAAAAAAEc/1GSLw4Cm5ZU/s1600/komunis2.jpg

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_nADM4982O7U/TQFtRAkwQGI/AAAAAAAADQE/6

y0vBpUK26Y/s400/parlimen1956.jpg

Figure 3 http://www.indoorwoodfurnace.net/peta/peta-peta-asia-tenggara.htm

Figure 4 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/12563/Lee-Kuan-Yew

Figure 5 http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Omar_%27Ali_Saifuddien_III

Figure 6 http://eforum1.cari.com.my/viewthread.php?action=printable&tid=358057

Figure 7 http://umno-online.com/?page_id=2849

Figure 8 http://getlivemag.com/?p=74

Figure 9 http://www.sapp.org.my/constitution/101130_jalil_sabah_challenges.asp

Figure 10 http://www.maigriffin.com/maiportraits.html

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APPENDIX

Figure Source

Video 1 http://www.youtube.com/ganyangmalaysia

Figure 11 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/12563/Lee-Kuan-Yew

Figure 12 http://informationinindonesia.blogspot.com/

Figure 14 http://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ph_pres_macapagal.jpg

Figure 15 http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman.aspx

Figure 16 http://www.fundraw.com/clipart/clip-art/2574/Flag-of-the-United-

Nations/

Figure 17 http://suwaritimur.blogspot.com.

Figure 18 http://warisantamar.blogspot.com/2010_10_01_archive.html

Video 2 http://www.youtube.com/warisan

http://www.youtube.com/ganyang

http://www.google.com.my/url?q=http://suwaritimur.blogspot.com/2010/08/sabah-merdeka-dulu-lebih-baik-dari-pada.html&ust=1316420747972039&usg=AFQjCNGWFjyx4t_LH29ddFgvNH8-fKRInw

Date post:	20-Jul-2015
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