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PENDAHULUAN
Presented by
National Standardization Agency of Indonesia
Badan Standardisasi Nasional
www. bsn.or.id
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Introduction
Standards are so much a part of our daily routine that we use them
without even being aware of doing so, and without giving thought tohow they are created or the benefits they provide.
Standards are among the most important management tools everdevised and need to be studied carefully by engineers whendesigning, testing or certifying products.
In todays world of instant global technologies, it is of criticalimportance that students have a fundamental understanding ofstandards and the process of international standardization
Recently many universities around the world are giving increased
attention to integration of engineering standards in their curriculums.
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Historical Significance of Standards
Standards have existed since theancient world
The earliest examples of standard:Calendar
Ancient civilization reliedupon the apparent motion ofthe sun, moon, and starsthrough the sky todetermine the appropriatetime to plant and harvestcrops, to celebrate theholidays, and to recordimportant events
5000 years ago The Tigris used calendarthat divided year into 30-day months.
Each day was divided into 12 hours andeach hour into 30 minutes
The Egyptian were the first develop the365-day calendar (4236 BC) based the
years measurement on the rising of thedog star or sirius every 365 days.
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Definition
Standardizationactivity of establishing, with regards to actual or potential problem,
provisions for common and repeated use,, aimed at the achievementof the optimum degree of order in a given context.
Note 1 In particular, the activity consists of processes of formulating, issuing andimplementingstandards.
Note 2 Important benefits of standardization are improvement of the suitability ofproducts, processes and services for their intended purposes, prevention of barrier totrade and facilitation of technological cooperation.
ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004
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Definition
Standardizationis the activity
of establishing and recording
a limited set of solutions
to actual or potential matching problems
directed at benefits for the party or parties involved
balancing their needs
and intending and expecting that these solutions will be repeatedly orcontinuously used
during a certain period
by a substantial number of the parties for whom they are meant
A Business Approach to the Role of National Standardization Organizations,
Henk J. de Vries
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Definition
Standard
document established by consensus and approved by a recognized
body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelinesor characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at theachievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context.
Note:
Standards should be based on the consolidated results of science, technology andexperience, and aimed at the promotion of optimum community benefits.
ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004
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Pyramidal Multiplicity of points instandardization space
Source: Standardization a New DisciplineL. C. Verman
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Standardization Space-Diagrammatic representation
Engin
eering
Trans
port
Housing/Building
Food
Agriculture
Fores
try
Textiles
Chem
ical
Comm
erce
Scien
ce
Education
National
Association
Company
Individual
International
Level
Nomenclature, SymbolsSpecification
Sampling and InspectionTest and Analysis
Grading and ClassificationSimplification, Rationalization
Code of practicePackaging and Labeling
Form and Contracts
SubjectX
Z
YSource: Standardization a New Discipline
L. C. Verman
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Standardization Space
SubjectStandards cover almost all economic activity of man
EngineeringTransportHousing/BuildingFoodAgriculture
Forestry, etcEach of these field deals with a number of item and each item mayfurther subdivided into subjects suitable for being covered by astandard.Example:
EngineeringSteelMachinesFastener
Threads Bold and nuts Washer
Rivets, etc
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Standardization Space
Aspect
Standards differ in form and type depending on particular aspect
that may be covered.
A set of nomenclatur or definitions
A specification for quality, composition or performance
A method of sampling or inspectionA method of test or analysis
A scheme of simplification
A code of practice, etc.
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Standardization Space
Level
The third dimension is concerned with the operational levels of astandard.
Individual
Company
Association (API, ASME)
National (SNI, IS, JIS, BS, ANSI, DIN)Regional (EN)
International (ISO, IEC)
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Aims and Benefit ofStandardization
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Benefit of Standardization
For the producer, standards:
1. Provide short cuts to design procedures by furnishing ready. Made andgenerally accepted solutions to recurring problems;
2. Make possible longer production runs with fewer changes in production lineand reduce tooling and set-up time;
3. Streamline inspection and testing and enable quality control procedures to
reduce rejections and re-working:4. enable the procurement of raw materials, interchangeable parts and
components from ready stocks without loss of time;
5. reduce stocks and inventory of materials, parts and end-products;
6. simplify servicing and maintenance;
7. facilitate training of staff and operators;
8. reduce overheads on clerical and administrative work:
9. facilitate marketing and winning of consumer contldence; and
10. lead to higher productivity in every department, which means reduced
costs, lower prices. higher sales and greater profitability
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Benefit of Standardization
For the consumer or the user:
3. streamlining inspection and testing;
4. easy procurement;
5. reduced investment in inventory;
6. simplification of servicing;
7. facility in training:
8. low overheads;
10.reduced prices:
11.basis of transactions: and
12.reduction of disputes;
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Benefit of Standardization
For the technologist, standards:
13.furnish an authoritative basis of judement to facilitate comparableand reproducible results to be obtained in evaluating goods andservices;
14.assist in meeting difficult performance specifications and otherunusual requirements of special item;
15.provide accurately defined tools. apparatus and equipment andgenerally agreed procedures to be used and followed in technicalevaluations;
16.furnish generally agreed and acceptable solution of recurringproblems and enable him to concentrate more effectively on vitaland fundamental issues of original character concerning design,
development and research; and17.furnish starting-points for research and development for further
improvement of goods and services.;
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National InfrastructureArrangement
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National Standards Body(Statutory Bodyor Government Department)
National Infrastructure Arrangement
Government
Standards Metrology Testing Certification [Accreditation]
Integrated Approach
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National Standards Body(Statutory Bodyor Government Department)
National Infrastructure Arrangement
Government
Standards Metrology Accreditation
Semi-integrated Approach
National Laboratory or
Laboratories
Inspection Testing Certification
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National Infrastructure Arrangement
Government
National Standards Body
Standards Testing Certification
Traditional Statutory Approach
Private Laboratories
Private Certification Organizations
Testing Certification
National
Metrology
Laboratory
Metrology
Private Industry
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National Infrastructure Arrangement
Government
Separation of Statutory and Commercial
SQAM activities
Private Laboratories
Private Certification Organizations
(Government Laboratories)
Testing Certification
National
Metrology
Laboratory
Metrology
Private Industry
National
Standards
Body
Standard
National
Accreditation
Body
Accreditation
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National Infrastructure Arrangement
Government
National Quality Mechanism
Private Laboratories
Private Certification Organizations
Testing Certification
National
Metrology
Laboratory
Metrology
Private Industry
National
Standards
Body
Standard
National
Accreditation
Body
Accreditation
- Legal Metrology
- Calibration
Laboratories
Sector Standards
Organizations
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