PENGERTIAN PERILAKU ORGANISASI - Dadang Iskandar · PDF filePartono - Telkom University 2013 2...

SESI 1

PENGERTIAN PERILAKU ORGANISASI

Partono - Telkom University 2013 2

Definisi Manager dan Organisasi

• get things done through other people• make decisions, allocate resources,

direct the activities of others to attain goals.

Managers

• conciously coordinated social unit, • composed of two or more people, • functions on a relatively continuous

basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals

Organization


APA YANG DILAKUKAN MANAJER• Di dalam s/ organisasi harus ada individu yang

bertanggung jawab untuk menentukan sasaran dan mencapai sasaran tersebut

• Penanggung jawab tersebut biasanya dikenal dengan istilah MANAJEMEN

• Istilah manajemen mengandung 3 unsur manajerial:

• Fungsional• Peran• Ketrampilan


FUNGSI MANAJEMEN

• penetapan tujuan, strategi, dan taktikMerencanakan

• menentukan tugas yg dikerjakan, siapa yg mengerjakan, struktur pelaporan, kewenangan memutuskan

Mengorganisir

• mengarahkan, mengkoordinasi, memotivasi, & mengelola tim kerjaMemimpin

• memantau, mengevaluasi, merevisiMengontrol


PERAN MANAJEMEN

Interpersonal.

Sebagai tokoh utama, tugas seremonial &

simbolis.

Sebagai pemimpin(motivasi,

mengarahkan)

Sebagai penghubung

(interaksi dengan pihak lain)

Informasional

Monitor informasiinternal & eksternal

Penyebar informasi (ke lingkungan

internal)

Juru bicara(eksternal)

Pengambil Keputusan

Entrepreneur (seeking

opportunities & initiate project)

Problem handler

Resources Allocator

Negotiator



KETRAMPILAN MANAJEMEN

TEKNIS

• Ability to apply specializedknowledge or expertise.

• Learned through extensive education& experience.

Personal

• Ability to understand, communicate with, motivate,

• & support other people, both individually and in groups

Konseptual

• Mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations.

• Conceptual skills (identify problems, develop alternativesolutions, evaluate those alternative solutions, & select the best one, organize a plan of action and then execute it.


AKTIVITAS SUKSES vs EFEKTIFApakah manajer paling sukses juga merupakan manajer paling efektif?

4 aktivitas manajer menurut Fred Luthans:

• Manajemen tradisional merencanakan, memutuskan, mengevaluasi• Komunikasi dan administrasi• Manajemen SDM• Mengembangkan jaringan (sosialisasi)

Distribusi waktu rata2 : 32% – 29% – 20% – 19%

Aktivitas apa yang paling penting dalam penilaian keberhasilan seorang manajer?


ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR

a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within

organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness

study of what people do in an organization and how their behavior affects the organization’s performance

Core topics : motivation, leader behavior and power, interpersonal communication, group structure and

processes, learning, attitude development and perception, change processes, conflict, work design, & work stress



PERILAKU ORGANISASI• Cakupan PO : pekerjaan, kerja, kehadiran,

turnover, produktivitas, kinerja, dan manajemen.• Studi kasus : amati salah aktivitas seseorang di

lingkungan kampus dan prediksikan apa yang mendorong dia melakukan hal itu


PERILAKU ORGANISASI Studi sistematis mempelajari hubungan,

mengkaitkan sebab akibat, & menyimpulkan berdasar bukti ilmiah

Intuisi A gut feeling not necessarily supported by research, common sense

Tujuan PO a/ mengganti/mengubah pandangan yg sudah tertanam, dengan memberikan fakta berbasis ilmu pengetahuan & penelitian.



ILMU PENDUKUNG PO Psikologi.

Ilmu yg mengukur, menjelaskan, mengubah perilaku manusia

Psikologi sosial. Memadukan konsep psikologi dengan sosiologi yang

fokus pada pengaruh seseorang kepada yang lain Sosiologi.

Studi mengenai manusia dalam kaitannya dengan lingkungan sosial budaya

Antropologi. Mempelajari manusia dan aktivitasnya. Membantu

memahami perbedaan nilai


HAL MUTLAK DALAM PO

Hanya ada sedikit prinsip universal yang

menjelaskan PO

Tidak ada yang pasti dalam studi PO karena

melibatkan manusia

Mempelajari PO harus mempertimbangkan kondisi situasional & banyak kemungkinan

Manusia adalah makhluk yang kompleks• Dalam situasi yang sama, 2

orang, bagaimana mereka bersikap?

• 1 orang, situasi yang berbeda, bagaimana mereka bersikap?


Contingency Variable (Z)

Independent Variable (X)

Dependent Variable (Y)

In American Culture

Boss Gives “Thumbs Up”

SignUnderstood as Complimenting

In Iranian or Australian Cultures

Boss Gives “Thumbs Up”

Sign

Understood as Insulting - “Up

Yours!”

CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES


Responding to Economic Pressures Responding to Globalization Managing Workforce Diversity Improving Quality and Productivity Improving Customer Service Improving People Skills Stimulating Innovation and Change Coping with “Temporariness” Working in Networked Organizations Helping Employees Balance Work-Life Conflicts Creating a Positive Work Environment Improving Ethical Behavior


Kondisi Ekonomi

Effective management when economic crisis Dealing with difficult activities such as firing

employees, motivating employees to do more with less and working through the stress employees feel when they are worrying about their future.

Focuses on issues such as stress, decision making, and coping during difficult times


Globalisasi More foreign assignment Work in multi-nations, culture, and race

environment Movement jobs to the lower cost labor


Keragaman Angkatan Kerja

Perubahan demografi penduduk Indonesia Perkembangan tuntuan keahlian Keragaman kepentingan dan sasaran individu Y Generations, & future generations


Peningkatan Layanan Pelanggan

More services More job need to interact with customer Organization has to make sure their employee

attitude & behavior associate dwith the customer


Peningkatan Ketrampilan Karyawan

Complex work need new skills and ability Technology development demand employee to

adjust their skills Manager should be aware of the requirement and

take step to help in the adjustmen proccess


Inovasi & Perubahan

Organization needs to adjust their practices with the surrounding

Creating flexible environment Continually improve the business practices Think ahead of the competitor Create new product & services Company and employee face the challenge to

continually innovate


Meningkatnya Kebutuhan untuk Berkembang

Today strengths can become tomorrow weaknesses

Need to continous knowledge & skills improvement

New tools and practices in the business Today’s managers and employees must learn to

cope with temporariness, flexibility, spontaneity, and unpredictability.


Bekerja dalam & dengan jaringan

Technology & communication change the way we do our job

People are more connected More collaborating in work New communication skills needed to interact in

network


Work-Life Balance

Increasing demand in work and life Technology make work and social life difficult to

separate Almost no boundaries or limit (country, time,

space) Employee required to be ready all the time (long

hour, after work hour, vacation) Dual career individual Work interfere the social life & vice-versa


Positive Work Environment

Focusing on positive side of the individu


Improving Ethical Behavior

When the expectation is high, employee will do whatever necessary to save them

Facing the ethical dillema and ethical choices Which practices are wrong or right It is the issue of the moral principle of each

individual when facing the provocative environment


REFRESHMENT• TANGGAPI PERNYATAAN BERIKUT !!!

• Apakah kita harus melaporkan jika menemui adanya penyimpangan dlm organisasi

• Apakah kita harus menjalankan tugas yang tidak kita setujui/sukai

• Apakah kita akan memberikan nilai yg bagus agar karyawan tidak di PHK

• Apakah kita harus berpolitik demi kemajuan karier• Apakah kita layak menerima sesuatu dari mitra kerja


TANTANGAN & PELUANG PO• Kunci mengelola PO adalah memadukan

keragaman setiap pekerja sehingga dapat secara optimal memberikan kontribusi pada peningkatan kualitas kerja atau hasil akhir.

• Kemampuan yang dibutuhkan untuk ini antara lain ; interpersonal komunikasi.


MENGEMBANGKAN MODEL PO Model

Gambaran sederhana dari beberapa fenomena nyata An abstraction of reality. A simplified representation of

some real-world phenomenon 3 tingkat analisis dalam OB

Individu, Kelompok, Organisasi



MENGEMBANGKAN MODEL PO• variables like personality, group structure,

and organizational culture that lead to processes. These variables set the stage for what will occur in an organization later

Input

• actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs and that lead to certain outcomes

Proccess

• key variables that you want to explain or predict, and that are affected by some other variables

Outcomes


THE GOALS of OB Attitude & stress Task performance - The combination of effectiveness and

efficiency at doing your core job tasks. Citizenship behavior - Discretionary behavior that

contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace

Withdrawal behavior - The set of actions employee take to separate themselves from the organization

group cohesion The extent to which members of a group support and validate one another while at work.


THE GOALS of OB Group functioning - The quantity and quality of a work

group’s output Productivity - The combination of the effectiveness and

efficiency of an organization Effectiveness - The degree to which an organization

meets the needs of its clientele or customers Efficiency - The degree to which an organization can

achieve its ends at a low cost. Organizational survival - The degree to which an

organization is able to exist and grow over the long term.

End of Session


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