Don Lawton & Abdullah Alshuhail

University of CalgaryCalgary, Alberta, Canada

Penn West Pembina Cardium CO2 EORseismic monitoring program

Penn West Petroleum CO2-EOR Pilot

1619.51619

1599

1291.4

1023

506494434Ardley Coal

Knee Hill Tuff

Edmonton

Belly River

Lea Park

Cardium Zone

Cardium Conglomerate

Upper Cardium Sandstone

Middle Cardium Sandstone

Lower Cardium Sandstone

0Ground Surface

1622

1630.5

1637.2

1619.51619

1599

1291.4

1023

506494434Ardley Coal

Knee Hill Tuff

Edmonton

Belly River

Lea Park

Cardium Zone

Cardium Conglomerate

Upper Cardium Sandstone

Middle Cardium Sandstone

Lower Cardium Sandstone

0Ground Surface

1622

1630.5

1637.2

Stratigraphy and sonic log responseP-wave sonic S-wave sonic

1023

Courtesy Rick Chalaturnyk

7-11 (Obs)

102/7-11 (P)

10-11 (P) 9-11 (P) 12-12 (P)

5-12 (P)8-11(P)

102/10-11 (I) 102/12-12 (I)

PennWest Pembina Cardium CO2 Pilot

1.1 km

Observation wellDepth ~1650 mBHP ~19MPaBHT ~50oC

March 200570 t/day CO2Depth ~1620 m

1 km

Seismic lines

Observation well

CO2 injection pad

Line 1

Line 2

Line 3

Line 6

Seismic lines, Penn West CO2 EOR PilotPhase 1: March 2005Phase 2: December, 2005Phase 3: March, 2007

Seismic lines, Penn West CO2 EOR Pilot

Observation well

PP (left) and PS (right) correlation

Synthetic Synthetic seismogramseismogram

Seismic traceSeismic trace Synthetic Synthetic seismogramseismogram

Seismic traceSeismic trace

ArdleyArdleyArdleyArdley

Cardium SandCardium SandBlackstoneBlackstone Cardium SandCardium Sand

BlackstoneBlackstone

PP--wave sonicwave sonic PP seismicPP seismic SS--wave sonicwave sonic PS seismicPS seismic

Well location

EW

P-P & P-S registration

P-P P-S

Ardley coals

Viking

Cardium

Ardley

Viking

Lea ParkCardium

3D Horizon picks (PP data)

Seismic lines, Penn West CO2 EOR Pilot

1 km

Seismic lines

Observation well

CO2 injection pad

Line 1

Line 2

Line 3

Line 6

Line 1 Phase I

Ardley coals

Viking

Cardium

Line 1 Phase III

Ardley coals

Viking

Cardium

Line 1 Phase III – Phase I

Ardley coals

Viking

Cardium

Line 1 Phase III – Phase I (+12 dB)

Ardley coals

Viking

Cardium

-6.000

-4.000

-2.000

0.000

2.000

4.000

6.000

1 21 41 61 81 101 121 141 161 181 201 221 241 261 281

Trace

Tim

e (m

s)Line 1 Phase III – Phase IArdley – Viking isochronN S

Injector well

0

2

4

6

-2

-4

-6

Tim

e (m

s)

Viking – Ardley Δt (Phase II – Phase I)

Seismic lines, Penn West CO2 EOR Pilot

1 km

Seismic lines

Observation well

CO2 injection pad

Line 1

Line 2

Line 3

Line 6

Cardium

Viking

Surface seismic and VSP corridor stack

500 m offset VSP, migrated image

Multicomponent surface seismic andoffset vertical seismic profile (VSP)

Vp2, Vs2, ρ2

Vp1, Vs1, ρ1

Injector well (VSP)

surface seismic 3C receivers

Vp2, Vs2, ρ2

Position 1(1280 m – 1505 m)

Position 2(1040 m – 1265m)

Position 3(800 m – 1025 m)

Discussion

• No faults were mapped in pilot area• Time-lapse surface seismic data indicates no

leakage into shallow aquifers • CO2 confined to thin zone in reservoir• Difficult to track CO2 within reservoir with

surface seismic data through imaging• VSP data exhibits amplitude change at Cardium

event (previous work).• Choice of seismic monitoring program must be

site specific

Perspective on CSS(carbon capture and storage)

• Current global CO2 emissions are ~30 Gt/year

• Assume CCS contributes 20% of reductions

• Sleipner CCS project (StatOil) 1 Mt/year

• Need 6,000 Sleipner-sized projects to meet target

• All these would need to be monitored

• That's a lot of seismic data !

• Alberta Energy Research Institute [AERI]• Western Economic Diversification [WED]• Natural Resources Canada [NRCan]• CREWES sponsors• Penn West Petroleum Ltd• Veritas DGC • Schlumberger Canada• SMT (Kingdom Suite)• Hampson Russell (ProMC, Pro4D)• Gedco (Vista)

Acknowledgements