People, Planet, Prosperity

Programme of action for the

World Summit on Sustainable

Development 2002

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS

World population has doubled to 6,1 billion in last 40 years

Population projected to grow to 9,3 billion over next 50 years

All this growth will be in developing countries By 2050 4,2 billion people will be living in

countries that cannot meet basic requirement of 50 litres of potable water per capita per day

United Nations World Population Report 2001

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS

Globally, infant mortality rates have fallen from 107 (per 1000 live births) in 1970 to 59 in 1998 – but rates are 10 times higher in developing countries than industrialised world

Adult illiteracy has fallen from 41% in 1975 to 24% in 2000

Average per capita income has risen from $4332 in 1980 to $5595 in 2000 (in developing countries only, the increase has been from $989 to $1354)

Draft WDR 2003

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS

1 billion people live on less than $1 per day This figure has not changed since 1970,

although poverty has decreased in percentage terms

But since 1990 the number of poor has increased by an average of 10m per annum for Latin America, South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa

Draft WDR 2003

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS

1,1 billion people are undernourished and underweight

1,5 billion people live in water scarce areas 1 billion people live on environmentally fragile

lands 35 million people HIV positive 15,5 million people will die from HIV/AIDS in

next 5 years in 45 most affected countriesUnited Nations World Population Report 2001

ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONLand degradationWater scarcityBiodiversity lossClimate change

LAND DEGRADATION

30% of irrigated lands, 40% of rain fed areas and 70% of rangelands are severely degraded

20% of tropical forests cleared since 1970 Rain forests are being destroyed at the

highest rate in history Drivers: agriculture, biomass energy, logging,

infrastructure, climate changeDraft WDR 2003

WATER SCARCITY

54% of available fresh water supplies are being used annually, two-thirds for agriculture

Population growth will push this to 70% by 2025, and 90% if consumption in developing countries matches that of the developed world

In developing countries 95% of sewage and 70% of industrial watse are dumped untreated into water courses

200 rivers cross international boundaries and 13 major rivers and lakes are shared by 100 countries

United Nations World Population Report 2001

BIODIVERSITY LOSS

70% of fisheries depleted or fully exploited Global fish stocks declining by 660 000 t per year One third of all biodiversity squeezed to 1% of

earth’s surface In 1996 25% of world’s 4630 mammal species and

11% of the 9675 bird species were at significant risk of extinction

One quarter of all plant species will be extinct by 2025

CLIMATE CHANGE

Already breached CO2 absorptive capacity Global temperatures project to increase by 3 –

5O

C over next 50 years This will cause profound changes in habitat,

biodiversity loss, droughts, floods and food security

GLOBALISATION

Global economy Increasing inequality despite unprecedented

productivity and capital accumulation Global society

Unprecedented consumption and mobility by society but 1,1b people live in severe poverty

Global environmentDeclining environmental assets are global

concern; limited environmental rights of poor

A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE

Global economyGlobal “equity”, balanced and stable development

Global societyFulfilled, creative and productive world population

Global environmentErosion of global environmental assets stabilised,

biodiversity loss halted, consumption balanced with earth’s capacity to renew resources

A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE

Poverty and inequality are greatest threat to sustainable global development in 21st Cent.

Seriously tackling inequality will involve changes in developed-developing country relationship in terms of governance, trade, investment, debt relief

Governments cannot do this alone – partnership with business, industry and civil society is critical

A “Global deal” is needed to achieve a sustainable global economy, society and environment

“Global Deal” must achieve:

“Global Deal” must achieve:

Renewed commitment to the implementation of Agenda 21

Consumption and production patterns balanced with earth’s capacity to renew resources

Environment managed as a global public good Implementation of global commitment to

combat poverty for sustainable development

“Global Deal” must achieve:

Impact on economic factors underpinning marginalisation of Africa and developing world – trade, finance, investment

Agreement to reform and replenish global financing mechanisms

Resources, investment and finances committed to sustainable development agenda, and New Partnership for African Development

“Global Deal” must achieve:

Peace, security and stability Agreement on instruments to address gaps in

international governance framework, and focus on capacity building for equitable global governance

Legitimate and equitable national and international governance

“Global Deal” must achieve:

Johannesburg Programme of Action with clear commitments, targets, delivery mechanisms, resources and monitoring

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

ECONOMICDEVELOPMENT

•Trade•Finance

•Investment•Technology

transfer

SOCIALDEVELOPMENT

•Water•Health•Energy

•Education•Food security

ENVIRONMENT•Oceans

•Atmosphere•Biodiversity

•Land degradation•Climate change

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

SOCIALDEVELOPMENT

•Water•Health•Energy

•Education•Food security

ENVIRONMENT•Oceans

•Atmosphere•Biodiversity

•Land degradation•Climate change

ECONOMICPROGRAMME

COMMITMENTS•Trade

•Finance•Investment•Technology

transfer

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES

BETTER ACCESS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

TO GLOBAL MARKETS

INCREASE INVESTMENTFOR DEVELOPING

ECONOMIES

RESOURCE COMMITMENTFROM DEVELOPMENT

FINANCE INSTITUTIONS

DEBT RELIEF PROGRAMMEEXTENDED TO OTHER

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT &

TRANSFER

TECHNOLOGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Building sustainable science and technology in Africa through domestic R&D spending and multi-national investment

Equity, access and incentives in the global knowledge system

Implementation of the S&T commitments in existing agreements

Using S&T and innovation in sustainable trade

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS

0,4% of Africans and South Asians have used internet vs. half of North Americans

Enabling environments needed to encourage investment in hardware and tertiary education

National e-strategies to address issues such as connectivity, regulatory environments, human capacity

Extend Global Network Readiness initiative

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

ECONOMICDEVELOPMENT

•Trade•Finance

•Investment•Technology

transfer

ENVIRONMENT•Oceans

•Atmosphere•Biodiversity

•Land degradation•Climate change

SOCIALPROGRAMMES

•Water•Health•Energy

•Education•Food security

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES

PROGRAMME FORACCESS TO SAFE WATER

AND SANITATION

ENERGY ACCESS PROGRAMME PUTS 50%

AFRICAN HOUSEHOLDS ON INTEGRATED ENERGY GRID

ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE AND POA FOR

HIV/AIDS & COMMUNICABLE

DISEASES

POA FOR SKILLSDEVELOPMENT &

LITERACY

POA TO ENSURE INCREASED GLOBAL

FOOD SECURITY

WATER

One out of every 5 human beings lacks access to safe drinking water

Target: halve the proportion of people unable to reach or afford safe drinking water by 2015

Global programme will require national strategies, greater financial investment and innovative technological solutions from public and private sectors

ENERGY

2 billion people lack access to commercial energy, contributing to poor productivity, deforestation and land degradation in developing countries

Target: put 50% of African households on an integrated energy grid by 2015

Improve energy efficiency and expand access to commercial and renewable sources of energy

FOOD SECURITY

Half the world’s extreme poor depend on farming and farm labour for their livelihoods

Target: halve the proportion of people suffering from hunger by 2015

Assist communities to double agricultural productivity from the 2000 level by 2015

EDUCATION

Target: achieve universal access to primary education by 2015, and eliminate gender disparities in primary and secondary education

$9b per annum extra spending needed to achieve education target by 2015

= 0,14% of combined GNP of developing countries = 0,03% of global GNP “education for all” is achievable at global level along

with other international development targets

HEALTH

Targets: Halt and reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS by 2015 Reduce under-five mortality rate by two-thirds by 2015 Reduce maternal mortality rate by two thirds by 2015

$7 – 10b needed per annum for prevention and limited treatment of HIV/AIDS

National strategies and financing plans to be adopted by 2003 for fighting HIV/AIDS

Set national goals for reducing HIV prevalence among people aged 15 – 24 by 25% by 2005

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

ECONOMICDEVELOPMENT

•Trade•Finance

•Investment•Technology

transfer

SOCIALDEVELOPMENT

•Water•Health•Energy

•Education•Food security

GLOBALENVIRONMENTPROGRAMMES

•Oceans•Atmosphere•Biodiversity

•Desertification•Climate change

ENVIRONMENT COMMITMENTS

Environmental protection of the poor Greater commitment to developing country agendas

Desertification Sustainable use of biodiversity

New global instruments to address gaps Oceans and coasts Forests Waste Air pollution

Ensuring better developing country engagement – “IEG” process

ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMMES

SUSTAINABLE USE OFNATURAL RESOURCESFOR DEVELOPMENT

STRENGTHENING ENVIRONMENTAL

GOVERNANCE

MITIGATING GLOBALCLIMATE CHANGE

TO ACHIEVE TARGETS

PROTECTING HUMAN RIGHTS THROUGH

WASTE AND AIRPOLLUTION REDUCTION

FORESTS

FORESTS

Target: 50 m hectares of highly threatened forest areas to be protected by 2005

Priority forests for sustainable management:Congo Basin, Mozambique, MadagascarRussia IndonesiaAmazon Basin

Global certification system for legal logging

GOVERNANCE

GOVERNANCE

Peace, democracy, security and stability are essential for sustainable development

Enhance NAI programme for sound governance Strengthen coordination of the environmental, social

and economic pillars of sustainable development Improve effectiveness of Commission for

Sustainable Development Reform global governance for environment system

GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP WITH GOVERNMENTS

BUSINESS SECTOR

UN AGENCIES& DFIs

CIVIL SOCIETY

GLOBALPARTNERSHIPAROUND JHBPROGRAMME

OF ACTION

PARTNER CONTRIBUTIONS

GOVERNMENT Country strategies for

sustainable development with matching state resources

Create conducive implementation environment

Engineering sub-regional and regional implementation agreements

BUSINESS Agreement to tackle

marginalisation of the poorest with “growth” agreements on trade, investment, financing, infrastructure linked to governance

Adopt environmental and social auditing systems

Proactive investment in sustainable development initiatives

PARTNER CONTRIBUTIONS

CIVIL SOCIETY Multiple actions to

highlight environment and development problems

An enabling, facilitatory and capacity building role within a global POA

Promote participation of marginalised groups like women and youth

DFIs & UN Agencies Prioritisation of Global POA

in these institutions Offer of enabling financing

agreements Inter-institutional co-

ordination Mechanism to integrate IMF,

WB, WTO, and other non-UN institutions

Early agreement on roles, institutional arrangements and financing NB

JOHANNESBURG OUTPUTS

JOHANNESBURG OUTPUTS

Global partnership to address inequality and poverty Johannesburg POA to deliver on WSSD outcomes

incl Millennium Summit targets, with monitoring and delivery mechanisms, financing mechanisms, timeframes

Integration of trade, finance and investment issues into sustainable development agenda

Specific sectoral agreements and programmes

People, Planet,

Prosperity

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES

During 2nd half of ’90s developing countires spent 12 – 14% of national budgets on basic social services

Donor countries spent 10 – 12% of aid budgets on social services

Shortfall = $100b per annum