Date post: | 18-Jan-2017 |
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Pepper bell Diseases A
Lecture To ToT trainees ( FFS) By
Mr. Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator
IPM KPK MINFAL Pakistan
Bacterial spotXanthomonas campestris
Symptoms
• Water-soaked lesions that dry out and turn brown forming on the underside of the leaves; raised brown cankers on stems; cracked brown lesions on fruit
• Cause• Bacterium
Symptoms of bacterial spot on pepper leaf
Bacterial spotSymptoms of bacterial spot on pepper fruit
Symptoms of bacterial spot on pepper foliage
Bacterial spotSymptoms of bacterial spot on pepper foliage
Symptoms of bacterial spot on pepper foliage
Bacterial spotA shot hole appearance on a leaf infected with bacterial spot
Symptoms of bacterial spot on pepper foliage
Bacterial cankerClavibacter michiganensis
Symptoms
• Small, raised, white lesions on leaves that grow larger, turn brown and necrotic and may have a yellow halo; raised white lesions on fruit which coalesce to form larger spots, often with white halo
• Cause• Bacterium
Damping-offPythium spp.
Rhizoctonia solani
Symptoms
• Seeds did not germinate; seedlings collapsing and dying; dark stems which are shriveled near the soil line; water-soaked lesions on the stem; water-soaked discolored roots
• Cause• Fungi
Powdery mildewLeveillula taurica
Symptoms
• Patches of white, powdery fungal growth on the underside of the leaves; yellow to brown discoloration of the upper leaf; edges of leaves may curl upwards exposing the underside of the leaf; leaves may begin dropping from plant
• Cause• Fungus
Pepper leaf infected with powdery mildew
Fusarium wiltFusarium oxysporum most
Symptoms
• Yellowing of foliage and wilting upper leaves; wilting spread to all parts of plant; leaves remain attached to plant and are dark green in color; red-brown discoloration of vascular tissue; plant death
• Cause• Fungus
Phytophthora blightPhytophthora caspsici
Symptoms
• Black lesions on stems; wilting plant; circular gray-brown lesions on leaves; dark lesions on fruit which may be covered in white sporangia
• Cause• Oomycete
Phytophthora blight symptoms on pepper fruit
Phytophthora blightPepper plant infected with Phytophthora blight
Symptoms of the disease includes wilting of the plant. However, other diseases can also cause this symptom and the plants needs to be carefully analyzed for confirmation
Phytophthora blight
Field infestation of Phytophthora blightThe pathogen can easily spread through rain splash or running water and wind.
Phytophthora blightA characteristic symptom is the crown rot and black lesion at the crown region which is indicative of the disease. Such symptoms develop especially during high rainfall conditions or in areas with water logging or excessive moisture.
Pepper plants infected with Phytophthora blight
Southern blightSclerotium rolfsii
Symptoms
• Sudden wilting of leaves; yellowing foliage; browning stem above and below soil; browning branches; stem may be covered with fan-like mycelial mat
• Cause• Fungus
Stem lesions on pepper caused by Southern blight
Southern blight grows best in warm, humid conditions. The first symptom is the wilting of the the plant to wilt. At the collar region of the stem you will
notice a brown blighted section
The fungus can often be seen growing as a white mycelial mat growing on the stem and the surrounding soil. The mycelia will develop sclerotia which are light tan to dark
brown pathogen survives in the soil or in plant debris, volunteers and weeds
As the disease progresses the plant will continue to wilt and leaves will eventually turn brown. Because the canopy is being destroyed fruit will become more susceptible to sunscald and secondary
pathogens.
MosaicCucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
Potato virus Y (PVY) Symptoms
• Alternating light and green areas or mosaic patterns on the leaves; leaves distorted and curled; slow plant growth
• Cause• Virus
Blossom-end rot
Symptoms
• Small water-soaked area on end of fruit where the blossom was occurring or on the side of unripe fruit; lesion enlarges and turns sunken, tan brown and leathery in appearance
• Cause• Low calcium concentration
in fruit
Blossom-end rot on pepper fruit
Blossom-end rot
Blossom-end rot on pepper fruit As the fruit grows the spot will also enlarge and may eventually cover up to half of the fruit. Fungi and bacteria may attack the damaged tissue causing tissue discoloration
Blossom End Rot
• Anything that reduces the plants ability to uptake calcium can lead to the development of this disorder, with one of the main reasons being the availability of water. Symptoms begin as a small, water soaked light brown spot at the blossom end of the fruit
Tomato spotted wilt virusTomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)
Symptoms
• Symptoms may vary widely depending on variety and environmental conditions; generally leaves become spotted and bronzed in appearance; plant may droop or wilt; fruit develop concentric rings which are light in color and become necrotic
• Cause• Virus
Characteristic ring spots on pepper fruit
Tomato spotted wilt virusSymptoms
• Symptoms may vary widely depending on variety and environmental conditions; generally leaves become spotted and bronzed in appearance; plant may droop or wilt; fruit develop concentric rings which are light in color and become necrotic
• Cause• Virus
Necorsis of pepper fruit caused by TSWV
Tomato spotted wilt virusTSWV is transmitted by thrips, which can only acquire the virus as larvae and transmits it as an adult. The initial symptom is chlorosis on leaves
In addition to chlorosis leaves may also become twisted and distorted. The severity and appearance of symptoms will vary depending on the cultivar, the age of the plant at the time of infection, environmental conditions and the virus isolate
Tomato spotted wilt virusFruit may also be affected, developing chlorotic or necrotic spots, ring spots or mosaics.
Tomato spotted wilt virus
Pepper plant infected with TSWVLeaves of infected plants may also develop chlorotic or necrotic ring spots