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Peptic ulcer( STOMACH ULCER )

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What is Peptic

Ulcer?

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Photograph of a peptic ulcer

taken during an upper

endoscopy. This ulcer is a

gastric ulcer in the stomach.

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PEPTIC ULCER

It is an erosion in the mucous membranes of

the digestive that produces a crater-like lesion.

Peptic ulcer disease is a problem of thegastrointestinal tract characterized by mucosaldamage secondary to pepsin and gastric acidsecretion.

Peptic ulcers happen when the acids that help

you digest food damage the walls of the

stomach or duodenum.

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Patients may develop

internal bleeding, or the ulcercan eat a hole right through

the wall of the either the

stomach or the small intestine.

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TYPES OF PEPTIC ULCER

The two most common types of peptic ulcer

are called Gastric ulcers and Duodenal

ulcers. These names refer to the location

where the ulcer is found.

Gastric ulcers are located in the stomach

Duodenal ulcers are found at the beginning of

the small intestine known as the duodenum.

A person may have both gastric and duodenal

ulcers at the same time.

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( 55 65 yrs )

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Gastro-intestinal

tract

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What is the

cause?

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Helicobacterpylori

It is a bacterium that lives in the stomach

of infected people.

H. pylori infection increases gastricacidity, leading to ulcer formation.

Infection with the bacterium H. pylori is

found in 90100% of duodenal ulcerpatients, and 70% of gastric ulcer

patients.

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Helicobacterpylori

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

(NSAIDs)

It is a group of medications typically used

to treat pain.

NSAIDs cause ulcers by interrupting theability of the stomach and the duodenum

to protect themselves from naturally

occurring stomach acid. NSAIDs also can interfere with blood

clotting.

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Other cause:

Low levels of vitamin C, E, and other

antioxidants in the gastrointestinal lining.

Smoking causes increased frequency ofulcer formation.

Milk increases the production of gastric

juices.

Food allergies

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Who is at risk?

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RISK INCREASES WITH

Male sex: peptic ulcers are roughly twice as

common in men as in women; duodenal

ulcers are four times more common in men

than in women.

Frequent use of antacids or drugs

Frequent NSAID use (e.g., aspirin, ibuprofen,

acetaminophen).

Has Helicobacter pylori infection.

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RISK INCREASES WITH

Type O blood group (for duodenal ulcers):

persons with this blood type typically secrete

more stomach acid than those with the other

blood types.

Disease-promoting diet: a diet based on

animal products and processed foods.

Smokers and frequent drinking of softdrinks.

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Sign and Symptoms

Duodenal Ulcer symptoms:

1. Pain that awakens patients from

sleep.

2. Burning or gnawing sensation in

the upper abdomen.

3. Pain in the back, lower

abdomen or chest area may

occasionally occur.

4. Pain that occurs when thestomach is empty (about two

hours after a mean or during

the night). Relief frequently

occurs after eating.

Gastric Ulcer symptoms:

1. Gastric ulcer pain may be less severe

than duodenal ulcer pain and is

noticeably higher in the abdomen.

2. Eating may increase pain rather than

relieve pain

3. Pain is described as aching, nagging,

cramping or dull

4. Other symptoms may include nausea,

vomiting and weight loss

Some ulcers may produce nosymptoms at all. However, occasional

painless bleeding, anemia (low blood

count), or the passage of black,tarry

stool may be the first sign of peptic

ulcer disease.

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Other symptoms:

Pain may be severe enough to cause wakening

from a sound sleep.

Pain typically lasts 30 min to 3 hours.

Positive test for blood in the stool.

Nausea, loss of appetite, weight loss.

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HOW ARE PEPTIC ULCER

DIAGNOSED?

X-ray your doctor may have you drink

barium, a chalky liquid that shows up on

an x-ray and outlines your stomach andduodenum.

Endoscopy this is a more accurate

method of diagnosing ulcer disease. Thisexam allows the doctor to look into your

stomach and duodenum with a lighted

flexible tube.

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RECOMMENDATION

Medications medications that decrease the

amount of acid produced by the stomach are

used to provide quick pain relief and promote

rapid healing.

Aspirin and anti-inflammatory products

should be avoided.

Frequent meals and milk diets actually

stimulate acid and can be less helpful.

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RECOMMENDATION

Avoid whatever foods might cause

discomfort, such as alcohol, caffeine

beverages (coffee and pop), fatty foods,and highly seasoned foods.

Avoid eating at least two hours before

bedtime. Avoid spicy food.

STOPSMOKING!!!!!!

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summary

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