Per Ma Forest Trust Individual Project

8/3/2019 Per Ma Forest Trust Individual Project

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Permaforest TrustPermaforest Trust

Individual ProjectIndividual Project

A biomass-

biochar stoveBy James Jenkinson


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Introduction

VISION STATEMENT

To design an affordable, clean-burning, durable, safeand sustainable 'carbon negative' stove technologyfor the over-developed and under-developed worlds.

WHY?

Increasing need for improving the affordability,efficiency, durability, safety and sustainability ofcookstoves

Interrelated environmental stresses connected to thedesign and usage requirements of stoves that affecthuman and environmental health and sustainability.

Stresses include climate change, biodiversityconservation, human respiratory health and e-waste- just to name a handful.

Purpose of study is to design a cutting edge stove thataddresses these stresses


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Main stakeholders

Mullubimby Community Garden (biochar pod, kitchenpod)

Project 540

Stovers/The stoving community

Neighbours Misc permies

Byron Shire Council

Green movement

Entrepeneurs

Farmers

Researchers eg. CSIRO Wollongbar

Politicians

Forestry workers

Woodburn mill(biomass pelletisation)


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Research overview

Biochar overview

Biomass production

Biomass harvesting

Biomass pelletisation

Local interviews

Community and bioregional

Glocal (Global/Local)

Stove design and building


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Biochar overview

Biocharis "the carbon-rich product obtainedwhen biomass, such as wood, manure orleaves, is heated in a closed containerwith little or no available air" (Lehmann, J. &Joseph, S. (Eds.), 'Biochar for Environmental Management: Scienceand Technology', U.K., Earthscan, 2009, p.1).

Biochar is a 2,000 year-old practice that convertsagricultural waste into a soil enhancer that canhold carbon, boost food security and

discourage deforestation. The process creates afine-grained, highly porous charcoal that helpssoils retain nutrients and water (InternationalBiochar Initiative)

Main reason for biochar technology (Lehmann &

Joseph,p.5), is to mitigate climate change,


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Biomass overview 1

,B io m a ss is o rg a n ic m a tte r w h ich in clu d e s,fo re st a n d m ill re sid u e s a g ricu ltu ra l cro p s

, ,a n d w a ste s w o o d a n d w o o d w a ste s

,a n im a l w a ste s liv e sto ck o p e ra tio n

, ,re sid u e s a q u a tic p la n ts a n d m u n icip a l.a n d in d u stria l w a ste s

T h e b io m a ss in d u stry is re ce iv in g in cre a sin g

,a tte n tio n fro m th e p u b lic a s scie n tists

,p o licy m a ke rs a n d g ro w e rs se a rch fo r

, .cle a n re n e w a b le e n e rg y a lte rn a tiv e s ,C o m p a re d w ith o th e r re n e w a b le re sou rce s

;b io m a ss is ve ry fle x ib le it ca n b e u se d a s

, ,a fu e l fo r d ire ct co m b u stio n g a sifie d u se d

,in com b in e d h e a t a n d p o w e r te ch n o lo g ie s

.o r b io ch e m ica l co n v e rsio n s


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Biomass overview 2uman Impacts

.1 6 million people die from wood smoke.related diseases each year

Smoke from wood fire is one of the . WHO s top 10 threats to human health

Depleted wood resource causes.political instability

nvironmental Impacts %14 of global warming attributable to

.black carbon .Deforestation from wood collection .Increased atmospheric CO2ood Consumption Half of all wood harvested in the

.world is used for fuel %75 of wood harvested in developing

.countries is burned for fuel


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Cooking with biomass -usage


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Biomass production

In this bioregion the following havepotential:

Bamboo

Camphor laurel

Lantana

Macadamia shells

Plantations, farms, roadside, nurseries,bush regen

Sustainably managed plantationtimber waste

Agricultural waste


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Biomass harvesting

Forage harvesting v individual stemharvesting

Relates to accessibility and cost of

equipment Differences between

overdeveloped/underdevelopedworlds

Harvesting equipment

Sugar cane

Forestry

A riculture


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Biomass pelletisation

Biomass pelletization is the process ofreducing the bulk volume of the material,by mechanical means for easy handling,transportation and storage of material.

In addition to the practical advantage ofincreased convenience, putting biomass inpellet form also decreases the moisturecontent, increases the density and

maintains a high heating value. Used in emergency humanitarian response

eg. Haiti

Sold alongside stoves eg. World Stove,

Stovetec


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Local interviews 1

Main research questions were as follows:

What qualities do you look for in a stove?

What type of stove do you normally use for

cooking? What other methods of cooking have you

tried?

What are your preferred methods of

cooking? Have you heard of biomass stoves?

Would you be interested in using one for ashort trial of one month?

Any other comments or thoughts about


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Local interviews 2

Efficient and economical and ecological stoves weredesired

Gas or electric cooking appliances were most popular

Baking or grilling were popular cooking types otherthan stove cooking

Baking or grilling were most popular cooking methods

Most candidates had not heard of biomass stoves

Most candidates were interested in participating in abiomass stove trial

Additional comments were varied including the desireto cook by adobe oven, willing to compromise onstove technology, desire to cook with dung and anopinion that the local community has a low usage ofwhite goods and appliances suggesting that thisarea would be a good test bed for my stove


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Community and Bioregional

Stoves can be manufactured on acommunity level which createsemployment

Biochar produced by stoves can beused for soil amendment and waterconservation in local food productionsystems

Appropriate microfinance structureshave the potential to offer carboncredit exchange to local peoplecreating biochar and using it in foodproduction systems

Potential for further research in this


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Glocal (Global/Local)

International Biochar Initiative

Bioenergy Lists

Aprovecho Research Center

Bodgers Hovel

Biomass Energy Foundation

Global Partnership Plant

Conservation Biochar.org

EPRIDA


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Stove overview

3 main types

Top lit updraft (TLUD)

Carbon sequestration

Anila


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Stove design and building -principles

Affordable ['Help make people self-reliant', 'Bring food production back to the cities', PDM]

Clean-burning eg.smokeless, no VOCs

etc ['Produce no waste', PPP]

Durable ['Apply self-regulation and accept feedback', PPP]

Safe [ 'People care', 'Help make people self-reliant', 'Bring food production backto the cities', PDM]

Sustainable

carbon negative (biochar productive and 'clean-burning') ['Catch and store energy', 'Obtain a yield',

'Produce no waste', PPP]


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Stove design and building -Prototypes


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Stove design and building-Final

Permastove


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Permastove the lab


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Permastove ready to burn


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Permastove biocharproducts


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Whats the next step?

Go to stove camp Aprovecho Research Centre, U.S.A.

Modify and test the design

Obtain funding for further research Conduct research trial at community

and bioregional scales

Contact relevant international

development organisations andentities for participation in a stoveprogram


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Conclusions

Research is stimulating andrewarding

Field testing reveals design strengths

and weaknesses Huge potential for more research in

this area at local, bioregional and

global scale Stove comparisons Fuel comparisons

Feedstock comparisons

Biochar system integration

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