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What is Perception?

• The process of organizing and interpreting

information, enabling us to recognize

meaningful objects and events.

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• Did you see the objects move in a circular direction in

the previous 2 slides?

• In reality they are static images but due to optical

illusion caused by the spherical objects they appear to

be moving.

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Displaced pattern of lines makes a circle even

if there is no outline

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Displaced pattern of lines makes a triangle

even if there is no outline

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Wonder which line of dice overlaps the other?

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This picture is taken from above

or below?

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Where did the middle bar

come from?

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Which tower is leaning more towards the right?

The one on the right seems to incline more towards right

because it is positioned to right but infact both the pictures

are of the same size.

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What do you see?

an old man or a mouse?

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What do you see?

A woman’s face or a

man playing

saxophone?

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What do you see?

A vase

or

2 side faces of a man

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What do you see?

A side face of an old man

or

A man with a hat and a

girl?

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What do you see?

Rabbit or duck?

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What do you see?

Woman looking at the

mirror or a Skull?Ritika Dhameja

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What do you see?

A face

Or

The word LIAR

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What do you see?

Did you guess the word Science?

Now see what it actually is

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Which is bigger?

AB or BC?

Both are the same

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Are the diagonal lines parallel to each other?

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Are the two red lines parallel to each other?

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Step 1: Concentrate on the dot in the center.

Step 2: Move back and forth in front of the screen.

You will the circles move in opposite direction

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The red squares appear to be wavy

because of the circles

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Which vertical line is longer?

Both are the same!

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What do you see?

A face or

a woman walking on

the street

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The positioning of the blue circles make them

appear wavy but it is a static image

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We perceive things as per their surroundings

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What did you see first Good Or Evil?

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A process by which individuals organize and interpret their

sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their

environment.

It is a process of selecting, sorting, interpretating information

inputs to produce meaning.

We choose what information we pay attention to, organize it &

then interpret it.

People’s behavior is based on their perception of what reality is,

not on reality itself.

What is Perception?

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There are 3 steps in perception process:

Step 1: We select data from environment.

Selection inputs are the sensations received

through all 5 of our senses:

Sight

Smell

Hearing

Feeling

Taste

Step 2: We sort

Step 3: We interpret data from our environment

using our experiences

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Perception Process

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Perception Process

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Optical Illusions

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Optical illusions are images or pictures that we perceive differently

than they really are.

Optical illusions occur when our eyes send information to our brains

that tricks us into perceiving something that does not match reality.

The word “illusion” comes from the Latin word illudere, which

means “to mock.”

Some optical illusions are physiological. This means that they’re

caused by some sort of physical means in the eyes or the brain.

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Optical Illusions

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Optical illusions are often described as visual images that differ

from reality

The eyes and brain 'see' something that doesn't quite match the

physical measurement of the image.

Optical illusions can work in various ways, they can be images

that are different from the objects that make them, they can be

ones that come from the effects on the eyes and brain through

excessive stimulation, and others where the eye and brain make

unconscious inferences.

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Our perception of the world around us is largely guided

by our structured knowledge about the world and the

things and people we encounter in it.

These knowledge structures, typically called paradigms

(or schemas) and dominant metaphors, help us identify

things (categories) and determine what they mean and how

we should respond.

Knowledge Structures

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Gestalt psychologists focused on how we GROUP objects

together.

We innately look at things in groups and not as isolated

elements.

1. Proximity (group objects that are close together as being

part of same group)

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Gestalt Psychology

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2. Similarity (objects similar in appearance are perceived as being part of

same group)

3. Continuity (objects that form a continuous form are perceived as same

group)

Gestalt Psychology

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3. Closure (like top-down processing…we fill gaps in if we can

recognize it)

4. Connectedness (objects that are connected are perceived as same

group)

5. Symmetry (objects that appear similar/identical are perceived as

same group)

Gestalt Psychology

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Factors in the perceiver

• Attitudes

• Motives

• Interests

• Experience

• Expectations

Perception

Factors in the Target

• Novelty

• Motion

• Sounds

• Size

• Background

• Proximity

• Similarity

Factors in the situation

• Time

• Work Setting

• Social Setting

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Factors influencing Perception

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Perception Pyramid

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When you changethe way you look at things, the

things you look at change.

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