Perception and Attention

Year 10 MYP Science

Perception

Perception is the way people interpret and organise information from the world around them.

Year 10 MYP Science

Perception

Perception is influenced by:the perceiver.the target.the situation.

Year 10 MYP Science

Factors Influencing PerceptionFactors in the Perceiver:

attention. expectations.experience.interest.attitudes.motives.

Year 10 MYP Science

Visual Perception

Hazard perception clip

http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/healey/PP/

If time http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/mot_feet_lin/index.html

Year 10 MYP Science

Factors Influencing Visual PerceptionFactors in the Target:

coloursize.background.proximity. motion. shape.

Year 10 MYP Science

Find the T

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Year 10 MYP Science

Find the Blue Letter

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Find the Blue Letter

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Find the vertical T

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Find the vertical T

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Find the vertical T

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Find the vertical T

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Find the Blue L

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Find the Blue L

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Year 10 MYP Science

What’s Going On?

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ConjunctionFeature

Year 10 MYP Science

All Searches Are NOT Equal

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Year 10 MYP Science

A Is More Difficult Than B

A BYear 10 MYP Science

Why Is This Important?

Watch the Dial Watch for Light

Year 10 MYP Science

Year 10 MYP Science

Attention

Year 10 MYP Science

ATTENTIONYear 10 MYP Science

Attention Definition

Attention is the cognitive process of selectively concentrating on one aspect of the environment while ignoring other things.

Related Concepts:AlertnessConcentrationSelectivity

Year 10 MYP Science

Divided Attention

Dual task experiments Get people to perform multiple

tasks and look at the effects on performance

Performance suffers, this shows limitations and nature of the human information-processing system

-the ability to divide our attentional processing between more than one task.

Year 10 MYP Science

Bottleneck Theories

All information gets into sensory register Somewhere along the way, information is

filtered or selected for attention Only selected information makes it into

awareness.

Year 10 MYP Science

Divided Attention

Year 10 MYP Science

Attention while driving

List all the things you may need to attend to while driving in a car.

Describe 3 things that may enhance your focus while driving

Year 10 MYP Science

Dual Task Performance Divided attention is difficult when:

Tasks are similarTasks are difficultWhen both tasks require conscious attention

Divided attention is easier when:Tasks are dissimilarTasks are simpleWhen at least one of the tasks does not

require conscious attentionTasks are practiced

Year 10 MYP Science

Capacity Theories

Tasks take mental effort

We have limited mental effort to allocate to all demands on our attention

Year 10 MYP Science

Different Processes

Some tasks are easier to perform than others and don’t seem to affect attentionEspecially tasks that are well practiced

Other tasks are tedious and require our conscious attention (white line fever)

Year 10 MYP Science

Cuing Attention

Give people a cue where a target will appear in the visual field

Manipulate the kind of cue Valid Cue Neutral Cue Invalid Cue

How does cue affect performance?

Year 10 MYP Science

Results

Invalid cues make it harder to attend to where you should be attending.

Year 10 MYP Science

Cues while driving

Turn signals Road markings Road signs Cars Instruments

Year 10 MYP Science

Nearly 80 percent of all crashes and 65 percent of all near-crashes involved driver inattention (due to distraction, fatigue, or just looking away) just prior to (i.e., within 3 seconds) the onset of the conflict.

Visual inattention was a contributing factor for 93 percent of rear-endstriking crashes.

Year 10 MYP Science

Factors that may decrease attention while driving

Distractions within the car: List 5

Distractions external to the car: List 5

Condition of the person driving: List 5 factors

Year 10 MYP Science