Perchlorate Data for Streams and Groundwater - … · Perchlorate Data for Streams and Groundwater...

U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey

Data Series 495

Perchlorate Data for Streams and Groundwater in Selected Areas of the United States, 2004

Groundwater siteSurface-water site

Cover illustration:

USGS personnel collect-ing a water sample from a small stream in Iowa.

Modified version of figure 1 from this report.

Photographs taken by USGS personnel.

USGS personnel collecting and processing a ground-water sample.

Perchlorate Data for Streams and Groundwater in Selected Areas of the United States, 2004By Stephen J. Kalkhoff, Sarah J. Stetson, Kris D. Lund, Richard B. Wanty, and Gregory L. Linder

Data Series 495

U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey

U.S. Department of the InteriorKEN SALAZAR, Secretary

U.S. Geological SurveyMarcia K. McNutt, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2010

For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS

For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod

To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.

Suggested citation:Kalkhoff, S.J., Stetson, S.J., Lund, K.D., Wanty, R.B., and Linder, G.L., 2010, Perchlorate data for streams and groundwater in selected areas of the United States, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 495, 43 p. with appendix.

iii

ContentsAbstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1

Purpose and Scope ..............................................................................................................................2Description of the Study Area ............................................................................................................2Selection of Sampling Sites ................................................................................................................2

Methods...........................................................................................................................................................3Sample Collection Methods ................................................................................................................3

Surface Water ..............................................................................................................................3Groundwater .................................................................................................................................4

Sample Processing ...............................................................................................................................4Analytical Methods...............................................................................................................................4

Quality Assurance..........................................................................................................................................4Field Blank Samples .............................................................................................................................4Replicate Samples ................................................................................................................................5Laboratory Quality Assurance Procedures ......................................................................................5Stability of Perchlorate in Water Samples .......................................................................................5

Occurrence of Perchlorate ..........................................................................................................................5Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................................14References ....................................................................................................................................................14Appendix........................................................................................................................................................41

Figure

1–9 Maps showing: 1. Location of surface-water and groundwater sites for reconnaissance sampling,

2004 .........................................................................................................................................3 2. Perchlorate concentrations at selected surface-water and groundwater sites in

Arkansas and Texas, 2004 .....................................................................................................6 3. Perchlorate concentrations at selected surface-water sites in Arizonia and New

Mexico, 2004 ..........................................................................................................................7 4. Perchlorate concentrations at selected surface-water and groundwater sites in

California and Nevada, 2004 .................................................................................................8 5. Perchlorate concentrations at selected surface-water and groundwater sites in

Colorado, Wyoming, and South Dakota, 2004 .....................................................................9 6 Perchlorate concentrations at selected surface-water and groundwater sites in

Iowa, 2004 ............................................................................................................................10 7. Perchlorate concentrations at selected surface-water sites in Illinois, Indiana,

Missouri, and Ohio, 2004. ....................................................................................................11 8. Perchlorate concentrations at selected surface-water sites in Michigan, Minnesota,

and Wisconsin, 2004 ...........................................................................................................12 9 Perchlorate concentrations at selected surface-water and groundwater sites in

Nebraska, 2004 ....................................................................................................................13

iv

Tables

1. Selected sites in the United States sampled for perchlorate analysis . ..................................18 2. Quality assurrance-quality-control samples (field blanks) for perchlorate reconnaissance

study in selected areas of the United States ...............................................................................5 3. Quality assurrance-quality-control samples (replicates) for perchlorate reconnaissance

study in selected areas of the United States .............................................................................28 4. Perchlorate concentrations at selected surface-water and groundwater sites in the United

States ............................................................................................................................................29 5. Summary of perchlorate detections and concentrations in selected States .........................40 6. Perchlorate concentrations in streams sampled twice during the reconnaissance

study ..............................................................................................................................................40

Conversion Factors, Abbreviations, and DatumsSI to Inch/Pound

Multiply By To obtain

Length

centimeter (cm) 0.3937 inch (in.)millimeter (mm) 0.03937 inch (in.)meter (m) 3.281 foot (ft) kilometer (km) 0.6214 mile (mi)

Volume

liter (L) 33.82 ounce, fluid (fl. oz)

Flow rate

cubic meter per second (m3/s) 0.0353 cubic feet per second (ft3/s)

Mass

gram (g) 0.03527 ounce, avoirdupois (oz)

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).

Concentrations of chemical constituents in water are given either in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or micrograms per liter (µg/L).

AbstractThis report presents data collected as part of a recon-

naissance study to evaluate the occurrence of perchlorate in rivers and streams and in shallow aquifers in selected areas of the United States. Perchlorate, a component in rocket fuels, fireworks, and some explosives is soluble in water and persists in soils and water for long periods. It is biologically active at relatively low-levels in the environment, and has been identi-fied as an endocrine-disrupting chemical. The purpose of this reconnaissance was to determine the occurrence of perchlorate in agricultural areas of the Midwestern and North-Central United States and in arid Central and Western parts of the United States.

Samples were collected from 171 sites on rivers and streams and 146 sites from wells during the summer and early fall of 2004. Samples were collected from surface-water sites in 19 states and from wells in 5 states. Perchlorate was detected in samples collected in 15 states and was detected in 34 of 182 samples from rivers and streams and in 64 of 148 groundwater samples at concentrations equal to or greater than 0.4 micrograms per liter. Perchlorate concentrations were 1.0 micrograms per liter or greater in surface-water samples from seven states and in groundwater samples in four states. Only one surface-water and one groundwater sample had concentrations greater than 5.0 micrograms per liter. Perchlo-rate concentrations in followup samples collected from 1 to 3 months after the initial sample were unchanged at four of five stream sites.

IntroductionPerchlorate (ClO4

-), a naturally occurring and manmade compound that is a component in rocket fuels, fireworks, and some explosives, has been detected in many water supplies throughout the country. Most documented occurrences of perchlorate have been related to military and chemical-manu-facturing operations. However, a number of studies have docu-mented the presence of perchlorate in nitrate-bearing minerals from Chile that have been or are still being used as fertilizers in the United States.

Although perchlorate has been documented as a point-source contaminant in groundwater near areas where ammo-nium perchlorate is produced and where solid-fuel rockets, fireworks, and other explosives are manufactured or used, recent studies (Parker and others, 2008) have found perchlo-rate in areas with no apparent anthropogenic sources and where agricultural activities (fertilizers and irrigation) are prevalent. Small-scale studies have documented perchlorate in groundwater in the Texas High Plains (Rajagopalan and others, 2006), leafy vegetables (Sanchez and others, 2005), beef cattle (Cheng and others, 2004) and selected dairy milk from supermarket shelves in Texas (Kirk and others, 2003). Perchlorate occurs naturally in precipitation (Rajagopalan and others, 2009) and may accumulate in the unsaturated zone in areas with low precipitation (deserts) by deposition processes similar to nitrate (Walvoord and others, 2003). Infiltration of irrigation water can mobilize accumulated perchlorate and transport it from the unsaturated zone to the underlying aquifer (Scanlon and others, 2008).

The identification of perchlorate in sodium nitrate fertiliz-ers derived from Chilean caliche (Urbansky and others, 2001a) may support this suggestion. Although identified in Chilean caliche, perchlorate does not generally occur in manufactured nitrogen fertilizers (Urbansky and others, 2001b), but some questions remain on its occurrence in potash minerals (Orris and others, 2003). Perchlorate in groundwater in the United States has been documented by the U.S. Environmental Pro-tection Agency (2003), but the areal occurrence has not been investigated.

Perchlorate is soluble in water and persists in soils and water for long periods. It is biologically active at relatively low-levels in the environment, and its role as an endocrine-disrupting chemical has been documented in some fish (Patino and others, 2003; Crane and others, 2005). Uptake by plants (Nzengung and others, 1999) and microbial degradation (Cole-man and others, 2003; Sturchio and others, 2003) also has been established. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency established a chronic oral reference dose (RfD) for humans of 0.0007 milligrams per kilogram body weight per day. The RfD equates to a Drinking Water Equivalent Level (DWEL) of 24.5 micrograms per liter (μg/L), or approximately equal to parts per billion (ppb). A DWEL is a lifetime exposure concen-tration protective of adverse, noncancer health effects that assumes all of the exposure to a contaminant is from drinking

Perchlorate Data for Streams and Groundwater in Selected Areas of the United States, 2004

By Stephen J. Kalkhoff, Sarah J. Stetson, Kris D. Lund, Richard B. Wanty, and Gregory L. Linder

2 Perchlorate Data for Streams and Groundwater in Selected Areas of the United States, 2004

water. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2008). A num-ber of states have set advisory levels less than the DWEL and as low as 1.0 μg/L (Interstate Technology Regulatory Council, 2005).

The occurrence of perchlorate has been documented in groundwater at pristine areas across the United State (Parker and others, 2008) and has been extensively studied in ground-water in the southern High Plains in Texas and New Mexico (Rajagopalan and others, 2006), Southwestern United States (Balaji and others, 2007), and California. However, additional information on the occurrence of perchlorate in the Central and Midwestern United States is still needed. Research has centered mainly on the occurrence in groundwater, and the occurrence of perchlorate in streams and rivers has not been investigated extensively.

Purpose and Scope

A reconnaissance sampling was conducted in 2004 to: (1) collect data to determine the occurrence of perchlorate over a gradient of agricultural land-use intensity in areas of the Mid-western and North Central United States and (2) collect data to determine if varying annual precipitation across the middle and western parts of the United States affects the occurrence of perchlorate in rivers and streams.

Surface-water and groundwater data were collected in agricultural areas. Surface-water data were collected at sites on small third-order streams draining agricultural watersheds in the Midwestern corn belt in the fall of 2004 during low-flow periods when most water in the stream originates from groundwater discharge. Followup samples were collected from five streams 1 to 3 months after the initial sampling to document any seasonal variability. Groundwater data were collected from shallow aquifers in the summer and early fall of 2004 that have relatively “young” waters that may be suscep-tible to contamination from current land-use practices.

Surface-water data were collected in the summer and early fall of 2004 from streams and rivers in the Central and Southwestern United States to determine if varying annual rainfall influenced perchlorate occurrence in surface water. Sites were located on small to medium-sized streams that drained a watershed with a single primary land use and larger rivers that integrated multiple land use in the watershed.

The purpose of this report is to present data collected as part of the perchlorate occurrence study in the Central and Southwestern United States. Data includes those from the agri-cultural land-use gradient component and from the precipita-tion gradient component of the reconnaissance study. Inter-pretation of the relations between perchlorate occurrence and geologic, climatologic, and anthropogenic factors is beyond the scope of this report.

Description of the Study Area

The reconnaissance study was concentrated in the Central and Southwestern part of the United States (fig. 1). Perchlorate samples were based on the availability of wells and streams being sampled as part of other U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) programs. The ongoing USGS water-quality programs include the National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA): joint US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and USGS Landscape Indicators (EPALIPS) project; and sev-eral USGS/State cooperative studies. Because of the integrated design, an extensive set of water-chemistry data that include physical properties, major ions, nutrients, and in some cases, trace elements are available in addition to the perchlorate data presented in this report. A list of projects that provided assis-tance in sample collection and selected reports documenting their findings is provided in appendix 1.

Selection of Sampling Sites

Several criteria were used to select stream and river sites and wells where perchlorate samples were added to existing data collection efforts to determine if perchlorate contamina-tion is more prevalent in areas where nitrogen and potassium minerals are used as fertilizers for agriculture and to determine if perchlorate contamination is more prevalent in areas that receive less rainfall where perchlorate may not be readily flushed through the hydrologic system.

Surface-water and groundwater sites were selected to obtain data on the occurrence of perchlorate in agricultural areas (table 1, at the back of this report). Surface-water sites on medium to large streams and rivers that drain agricul-tural, urban, and undisturbed watersheds from Texas through Arizona, New Mexico, and California (fig. 1) were sampled to obtain data on the occurrence of perchlorate in streams in rela-tion to a range of annual rainfall.

Water samples were collected from groundwater in an area with a gradient of agricultural intensity and of fertilizer use from Minnesota and Iowa southwest to Colorado. Shal-low groundwater that has most likely infiltrated within the last 50 years was sampled to define perchlorate occurrence in aquifers. An extensive set of wells (table 1, at the back of this report) was sampled in Nebraska for perchlorate along with the standard suite of other water-quality constituents. Thirty-eight municipal supply wells were sampled in Iowa during the summer of 2004. These 38 wells occur in shallow alluvial deposits and were selected because the aquifer is susceptible to contamination from land-surface activities. Although these are municipal wells, the wells are located in or near farmland. Additional wells were sampled in Colorado where agricultural land-use intensity is minimal. Small third-order streams that drain primarily agricultural areas in the Midwestern corn-belt were selected to determine if groundwater flowing to streams contained perchlorate. One hundred and ten sites in 10 Midwestern corn-belt states were sampled. Additional sites

Methods 3

at the mouth of agricultural and undisturbed watersheds were sampled in Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, and Colorado during late summer or early fall.

In addition to the perchlorate data presented in this report, major ion, nutrient, pesticide, and, in some cases, trace ele-ment data for these sites are available online from the USGS NWISweb (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/) and NAWQA data warehouse (http://infotrek.er.usgs.gov/traverse/f?p=NAWQA:HOME:927964592963779).

Methods

Sample Collection Methods

Perchlorate samples were collected using methods that ensured representative surface-water and groundwater sam-ples. For rivers and streams this means that any water-quality variability with depth or variability across the river was integrated into the sample. For groundwater this means that stagnant water in the well casing was removed before water

from the aquifer was collected. Once the sample was obtained, appropriate filtration and preservation techniques were used to ensure that water quality did not change during transit to the laboratory. Detailed sampling techniques are provided in the USGS National Field Manual for the collection of water-quality data (U.S. Geological Survey, 1998) and are briefly summarized in the following sections.

All equipment used to collect and process perchlorate samples were precleaned with a 0.1-percent nonphosphate detergent, rinsed with tap water, and then rinsed with deion-ized water. Once cleaned, equipment was air dried, wrapped in aluminum foil or in plastic bags, and stored in a dust-free environment to ensure clean equipment for the next sample. Detailed cleaning procedures for equipment are described by Wilde (2004).

Surface WaterSamples from flowing streams were collected using

depth-integrating sampling methods, described in detail by Webb and others (1999), to obtain a representative sample. A

120° 70°80°90°100°110°

45°

40°

35°

30°

25°

EXPLANATION

Groundwater siteSurface-water site

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:200,000, 2005, Albers Equal-Area Conic projection

0 200 600 MILES400

0 200 400 600 KILOMETERS

Figure 1. Location of surface-water and groundwater sites for reconnaissance sampling, 2004.


brief summary follows. Collection of depth-integrated samples involves using an equal-width-increment (EWI) or equal-discharge-increment (EDI) sampling method. The EWI or EDI methods produce a composite sample that represents the discharge weighted concentrations of the stream cross sec-tion being sampled. Samples were collected at verticals from increments of the cross section of a stream having a specified width. The number of verticals sampled varies based on the width of the stream. Generally 10–15 vertical samples were composited at each site. However, in narrow streams where it was not practical to obtain multiple vertical samples, one vertical sample was collected. Occasionally, low-flow condi-tions (stream depth less than about 15 cm deep, or the stream velocity is less than about 0.45 m/s) rendered the use of an iso-kinetic sampler impractical. In these conditions, a dip sample was collected.

GroundwaterDetailed groundwater sampling protocol is provided in

the groundwater sampling section (Chapter 4–2, by Gibbs and Wilde, 1999) of the National Field Manual and in a report documenting NAWQA protocols (Koterba and others, 1995). Initially, a water-level measurement was made to document natural or anthropogenic stresses on the aquifer. Wells were pumped for a sufficient amount of time so that a minimum of three well volumes were removed and so that temperature, specific conductance, and pH of the discharged water were stable. Once purged, the well was sampled by pumping the water through a 0.45 μm capsule filter into a polyethylene bottle as described below.

Sample Processing

Water collected from wells and streams was filtered through a capsule filter with a pore size of 0.45 μm for the perchlorate sample after filtering for major ions, nutrients, alkalinity, radiochemicals, and stable isotopes sample was completed. This ensured that several hundred milliliters of ambient water had been flushed through the filter before water was collected for the perchlorate sample. In addition, the first 20–25 mL of filtrate was used to rinse the polyethylene sample bottle to remove any foreign material. The sample bottle then was filled, capped securely, put in a ziplock bag, and chilled on ice for shipment to the laboratory. Once collected, the sample is kept chilled until analyzed at the laboratory.

Analytical Methods

The perchlorate analysis procedure was modified from that of Wagner and others (2004). Samples were analyzed for perchlorate using a Dionex DX-500 Ion Chromaograph (IC) system with a GP40 pump and ED40 electrochemical detector, 2 millimeter AG16 guard and AS16 analytical columns, and 35 millimole potassium hydroxide eluent flowing at a flow rate

of 0.25 milliliters per minute (mL/min). A 50-microliter injec-tion loop was used for samples with concentrations greater than 10 μg/L, and 1,000 microliter injection loop used for lower concentrations (less than or equal to 1 μg/L). A mem-brane suppression unit in the recycle mode was used with a current of 50 milliamps. Samples were pretreated with the barium, silver, and hydrogen cartridges. With the 2-millime-ter column system, the signal to noise ratio at 0.2 μg/L was approximately 5.

Quality AssuranceAn extensive array of quality-assurance (QA) samples

were analyzed to ensure that results were representative of those in the environment and were not because of introduc-tion of perchlorate during equipment cleaning or from cross contamination from previous samples (field blank samples). QA samples also were analyzed to ensure that the analytical method can determine accurate concentrations and can reliably reproduce results (replicate samples). In addition to the stan-dard QA samples, perchlorate concentrations were measured in prepared solutions for more than 600 days to document the long-term stability of perchlorate in samples.

Field Blank Samples

Field blank samples (blank samples) were collected to measure contamination introduced by the site environment (atmosphere) and by sample handling, processing, and analy-sis. Generally, blank samples were collected routinely during the collection period of environmental water samples and were distributed among sites to assess a broad range of locations, hydrologic conditions, and water types. Blank samples were collected, processed, and analyzed in a manner that simulates the collection, processing, transport, and analysis of environ-mental water samples through clean sampling and processing equipment. The collection and processing of surface-water samples were simulated by pouring blank water (pesticide-grade water suitable for use in the collection of field blanks) into the sampler bottle, capping the sampler bottle and nozzle assembly, shaking, and pouring the blank water into a split-ter. Blank water from the splitter then was filtered into sample bottles. Blank samples from surface-water sites were col-lected prior to the collection of environmental water samples to determine if cleaning procedures removed contamination introduced by water at the previous site, and if contamination was introduced by the transport of equipment to the current site. No field blank samples contained detectable concentra-tions of perchlorate (table 2).

Occurrence of Perchlorate 5

Replicate Samples

Replicate samples were collected and analyzed to esti-mate the precision of concentration values from sample pro-cessing and analysis. Each replicate is an aliquot of the native sample water processed in the field through the same sample equipment and processed using identical procedures. Labo-ratory replicates are an aliquot of an environmental sample submitted for analysis.

Most of the replicate samples (table 3, at the back of this report) did not contain detectable concentrations of perchlo-rate. Analytical results of replicate samples from 10 sites had concentrations below the detection limit (0.4 μg/L) in both the ambient and replicate sample. Results of replicate samples from five sites had low levels of perchlorate (0.41 to 0.96 μg/L) in the ambient sample but no detectable concentration in the replicate sample. Results from one site had a detection in the replicate but not in the ambient sample.

Laboratory Quality Assurance Procedures

Approximately 10 percent of samples were analyzed in duplicate to ensure that there is reproducibility among analy-sis. Standards were analyzed between every 5–10 samples and a blank was analyzed approximately every 15 samples to ensure accuracy of data and to verify that no carry over occured between samples. The precision of the method was determined by calculating the standard deviation in the ana-lyzed concentration of standard solutions of 100 and 1 μg/L. To ensure that there was no loss or enrichment of perchlorate during sample preparation, standards were analyzed after preparation in the same manner as samples. The recovered concentrations were found to be within the standard deviation of the original standards.

Stability of Perchlorate in Water Samples

The long-term stability of perchlorate in deionized water and in a common water matrix was determined to quantify any

changes in perchlorate concentrations from the time of sample collection until sample analysis. Sets of samples containing 1,000, 100, 10, 1, 0.5 and 0 μg/L perchlorate in deionized water and also in local tap water were formulated. These samples were analyzed by ion chromatography and were compared to perchlorate concentration in freshly prepared standards every 24 hours for the first 7 days, biweekly for the next 4 weeks, and periodically after that for a total of 400 or 610 days for the two lowest concentrations and a total of 428 or 638 days for the high concentrations (Stetson and others, 2006). Perchlorate was found to be stable allowing for holding times of at least 90 days for surface-water samples and at least 300 days for groundwater samples (Stetson and others, 2006).

Occurrence of Perchlorate Samples were collected from 171 sites on rivers and

streams and 146 sites from wells during the summer and early fall of 2004. Samples were collected from surface-water sites in 19 states and from wells in 5 states.

Perchlorate was detected in samples collected in 15 states and was detected in 34 of 182 samples from rivers and streams and in 64 of 148 groundwater samples at concentrations equal to or greater than the 0.4 micrograms per liter (μg/L) reporting limit. Perchlorate concentrations were 1.0 μg/L or greater in surface-water samples from seven states and in groundwater samples in four states (table 5, at the back of this report). Only one surface water and one groundwater sample had concentra-tions greater than 5.0 μg/L. The results of the reconnaissance study, summarized by State, are shown in table 4 (at the back of this report) and illustrated in figures 2–9.

Perchlorate concentrations in followup samples collected from 1 to 3 months after the initial sample were unchanged at four of five stream sites (table 5). The perchlorate concentra-tion decreased from 0.8 μg/L on August 23, 2004, to less than detection level on October 7, 2004, in the Little Cobb River near Beauford, Minnesota (table 5).

Table 2. Quality-assurrance-quality-control samples (field blanks) for perchlorate reconnaissance study in selected areas of the United States.[<, less than]

Map identifica-tion number (figures 2–9)

Site number Site nameSample date(month/day/

year)

Sample time(24 hour)

Perchlorate concentration

(μg/L )

IA-01 05387313 Unknown Tributary to Beaver Creek near Lime Springs, IA

10/26/2004 1320 <0.4

MN-02 05316983 County Ditch 24 near Clements, MN 10/07/2004 0900 < .4NV-01 094196783 Las Vegas Wash below Flamingo Wash

Confluence near Las Vegas, NV08/17/2004 1020 < .4

OH-12 405251082164801 Jerome Fork near Ashland, OH 10/01/2004 1008 < .4SD-01 431559096350100 Little Beaver Creek near Canton, SD 09/02/2004 0830 < .4


90°93°96°99°102°105°

36°

33°

30°

27°

TX-03

TX-02TX-01

AR-03AR-02

AR-01

AR-04

EXPLANATION(identifier used in tables is next to symbol)

Groundwater sampling siteNot detected0.40 – 0.991.00 or greater

Surface-water sampling siteNot detected0.40 – 0.991.00 or greater

For sites with multiple samples, symbol corresponds to sample of first occurence

T E X A S

A R K A N S A S

L O U I S I A N A

O K L A H O M A


0 200100 MILES

0 100 200 KILOMETERS

Figure 2. Perchlorate concentrations at selected surface-water and groundwater sites in Arkansas and Texas, 2004.


103°106°109°112°115°

37°

35°

33°

31°

NM-05NM-08

NM-04

NM-03

NM-02

NM-01

AZ-11

AZ-10

AZ-08

AZ-07

AZ-05

AZ-04

AZ-03

AZ-02

AZ-01

NM-07

NM-06

AZ-09

AZ-06


A R I Z O N A

N E W M E X I C O

0 50 100 150 MILES





Figure 3. Perchlorate concentrations at selected surface-water sites in Arizona and New Mexico, 2004.


113°116°119°122°125°

39°

36°

33°

NV-04

NV-03NV-02

NV-01

CA-03CA-02 CA-01

CA-11CA-10

CA-09CA-08CA-07

CA-06CA-05CA-04



C A L I F O R N I A

N E V A D A



0 50 100 150 MILES

0 50 100 150 KILOMETERSEXPLANATION

(identifier used in tables is next to symbol)

Figure 4. Perchlorate concentrations at selected surface-water and groundwater sites in California and Nevada, 2004.


98°102°106°110°

44°

41°

38°

CO-30

CO-29CO-28 CO-27CO-26

CO-25CO-24 CO-23CO-20

CO-18CO-17

CO-16

CO-15CO-14

CO-13

CO-12

CO-22CO-21 CO-19

WY-04WY-03

WY-01

CO-11

CO-10

CO-09CO-08

CO-07CO-06

CO-05CO-04

CO-03CO-02

CO-01

WY-02SD-03

SD-02

SD-01

C O L O R A D O

W Y O M I N G

S O U T H D A K O T A





0 50 100 150 MILES

0 50 100 150 KILOMETERSEXPLANATION


Figure 5. Perchlorate concentrations at selected surface-water and groundwater sites in Colorado, Wyoming, and South Dakota, 2004.


Figure 6. Perchlorate concentrations at selected surface-water and groundwater sites in Iowa, 2004.

90°W91°W92°W93°W94°W95°W96°W

43°N

42°N

41°N

IA-68 IA-67

IA-66

IA-65

IA-64IA-63 IA-62

IA-61

IA-60IA-59IA-57

IA-56IA-55

IA-54IA-53 IA-52 IA-51

IA-50IA-48 IA-46IA-45 IA-44IA-43

IA-42IA-41

IA-40IA-39

IA-38

IA-37IA-36

IA-34

IA-33

IA-32

IA-58

IA-49IA-47

IA-35

IA-31 IA-30

IA-29

IA-28

IA-27

IA-26

IA-25

IA-24

IA-23

IA-22

IA-21

IA-20

IA-19

IA-18

IA-17

IA-16

IA-15

IA-14

IA-13

IA-12

IA-11

IA-10

IA-09IA-08

IA-07

IA-06

IA-05

IA-04

IA-03

IA-02IA-01



I O W A



0 50 100 MILES

0 50 100 KILOMETERSEXPLANATION



82°85°88°91°94°

42°

40°

38°

36°

OH-14

OH-12

OH-11 OH-10

OH-09OH-08 OH-07

OH-06OH-05

OH-04OH-03

OH-02

OH-01

MO-02

MO-01

IN-15

IN-14 IN-13

IN-12IN-11

IN-10

IN-09

IN-08IN-07

IN-06IN-04

IN-03

IN-02

IN-01

IL-15

IL-14IL-13 IL-12

IL-11

IL-10IL-09 IL-08

IL-07

IL-06

IL-05IL-04

IL-03

IL-01

OH-13

IN-05

IL-02

I L L I N O I SI N D I A N A

O H I O

M I S S O U R I


0 50 100 150 MILES





Figure 7. Perchlorate concentrations at selected surface-water sites in Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, and Ohio, 2004.


Figure 8. Perchlorate concentrations at selected surface-water sites in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, 2004.

83°86°89°92°95°

48°

46°

44°

42°

0 50 100 150 MILES


WI-14

WI-11

WI-05

MN-09

MN-04

WI-18WI-17 WI-16

WI-15WI-13WI-12

WI-10

WI-09

WI-08

WI-07 WI-06WI-04

WI-03

WI-02

WI-01

MN-13

MN-12

MN-11

MN-10

MN-08

MN-07MN-06

MN-05

MN-03

MN-02

MN-01

MI-08

MI-07

MI-06 MI-05

MI-04 MI-03

MI-02

MI-01

M I N N E S O T A

W I S C O N S I N

M I C H I G A N






97°100°103°

43°

42°

41°

40°

NE-05

NE-04

NE-03

NE-02

NE-85

NE-84

NE-83NE-82

NE-81

NE-80

NE-79NE-78

NE-76

NE-75NE-74

NE-72NE-71

NE-57NE-56

NE-55NE-52

NE-24NE-23 NE-22

NE-19NE-17

NE-16

NE-14NE-13

NE-11

NE-10

NE-07NE-06

NE-77

NE-73

NE-61

NE-54

NE-53NE-51NE-47

NE-21NE-20NE-18NE-15

NE-12NE-09

NE-08

Inset AInset B

Inset C

N E B R A S K A





NE-01

NE-70NE-69NE-68

NE-67NE-66NE-65

NE-64NE-63NE-62

NE-60NE-59NE-58

Coun

ty R

d 20

Maple Creek

NE-50NE-49

NE-46NE-45NE-44

NE-43NE-42

NE-39

NE-35NE-34

US Hwy 34

Seward

0 50 100 150 MILES


NE-48

NE-41

NE-40

NE-38NE-37

NE-36 NE-33NE-32

NE-31

NE-30NE-29NE-28

NE-27NE-26

NE-25

US Hwy 34York

Inset A Inset B Inset C

0 1 KILOMETERS

0 1 MILES

0 1 KILOMETERS

0 1 MILES

0 100 METERS

0 600 FEET


Figure 9. Perchlorate concentrations at selected surface-water and groundwater sites in Nebraska, 2004.


AcknowledgmentsThis project was funded by the USGS Central Region

Integrated Science Project. The authors would like to thank Janice Ward, USGS retired, who originally indentified the need to obtain additional perchlorate data in the United States; developed an initial study design; obtained funding; and brought together the multidisciplinary team to accomplish this project. USGS National Water Quality Laboratory login staff were instrumental in separating perchlorate samples from other water-quality samples and ensuring the samples were sent to the perchlorate laboratory. Substantial support was provided by many USGS field personnel who voluntarily col-lected the samples as part of National Water-Quality Assess-ment Progam (NAWQA), the joint USEPA/USGS LIPSs study, and numerous USGS cooperative projects.

References

Balaji, Rao, Anderson, T.A., Orris, G.J., Rainwater, K.A., Rajagopalan, Srinath, Sandvig, R.M., Scanlon, B.R., Ston-estrom, D.A., Walvoord, M. A., and Jackson, W.A., 2007, Widespread natural perchlorate in unsaturated zones of the Southwest United States: Environmental Science and Tech-nology, v. 41, no. 13, p. 4,522–4,528.

Cheng, Quiqiong, Perlumtter, Lisa, Smith, P.N., McMurry S.T., Jackson, W.A., and Anderson, T.A., 2004, A study of perchlorate exposure and adsorption in beef cattle: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 52, no. 11, p. 3,456–3,461.

Clark, M.L., and Mason, J.P., 2007, Water-quality character-istics for sites in the Tongue, Powder, Cheyenne, and Belle Fourche River drainage basins, Wyoming and Montana, water years 2001–2005, with temporal patterns of selected long-term water-quality data: U.S. Geological Survey Sci-entific Investigations Report 2007–5146, 65 p.

Coleman, M.L., Ader, Magali, Chaudhuri, Swades, and Coates, J.D., 2003, Microbial isotopic fractionation of perchlorate chlorine: Applied and Environmental Microbiol-ogy, v., 69, no. 8, p. 4,997–5,000.

Crane, H.M., Pickford, D.B., Hutchinson, T.H., and Brown, J.A., 2005, Effects of Ammonium Perchlorate on Thyroid Function in Developing Fathead Minnows, Pimephales promelas: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 113, no. 4, p. 396–401.

Fredrick, B.S., Linard, J.I., and Carpenter, J.L., 2006, Envi-ronmental setting of Maple Creek watershed, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006–5037, 22 p.

Gibbs, Jacob, and Wilde, F.D., 1999, Chapter 4.2; Ground-water sampling: Preparations and purging methods at water-supply wells and monitoring wells sites in U.S. Geological Survey, 1998, National field manual for the collection of water-quality data: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chaps. A1–A9, available online at http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri9A.

Interstate Technology Regulatory Council, 2005, Perchlo-rate: Overview of issues, status, and remedial options: The Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council Perchlorate Team, 90 p., available online at http://www.itrcweb.org/Documents/PERC-1.pdf.

Kirk, A.B., Smith, E.E., Tian, Kang, Anderson, T.A., and Dasgupta, P.K., 2003, Perchlorate in milk: Environmental Science and Technology, v., 37, no. 21, p. 4,979–4,981.

Koterba, M.T., Wilde, F.D., and Lapham, W.W., 1995, Ground-water data-collection protocols and procedures for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: collection and documentation of water-quality samples and related data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95–399, 113 p.

Landon, M.K., Clark, B.R., McMahon, P.B., McGuire, V.L., and Turco, M.J., 2008, Hydrogeology, chemical character-istics, and transport processes in the zone of contribution of a public-supply well in York, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5050, 149 p.

Littin, G.R., 2004, Quality of ground water used for selected municipal water supplies in Iowa, 1997–2002 water years: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004–1048, 36 p.

Mau, D.P., Stogner, R.W., Sr., and Edelmann, Patrick, 2007, Characterization of stormflows and wastewater treatment-plant effluent discharges on water quality, suspended sedi-ment, and stream morphology for Fountain and Monument Creek Watersheds, Colorado, 1981–2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5104, 76 p.

McMahon, Peter B., Dennehy, Kevin F., Bruce, Breton W., Gurdak, Jason J., and Qi, Sharon L., 2007, Water-quality assessment of the High Plains Aquifer, 1999–2004: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1749, 136 p.

Nzengung, V.A., Wang, Chuhua, and Harvey, Greg, 1999, Plant-mediated transformation of perchlorate into chlorine: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 33, no. 9, p. 1,470–1,478.

Orris, G.J., Harvey, G.J., Tsui, D.T., and Eldridge, J.E., 2003, Preliminary analyses for perchlorate in selected natural materials and their derivative products: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003–314, 6 p.

References 15

Parker, D.R., Seyfferth, A.L., and Reese, B.K., 2008, Perchlo-rate in groundwater: A synoptic survey of “pristine” sites in the coterminous United States: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 42, no. 5, p. 1,465–1,471.

Patino, R., Wainscott, M.R., Cruz-Li, E.I., Balakrishnan, S., McMurry, C., Blazer, V.S., and Anderson, T.A., 2003, Effects of ammonium perchlorate on the reproductive performance and thyroid follicle histology of zebrafish: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 22, no. 5, p. 1,115–1,121.

Rajagopalan, Srinath, Anderson, T.A., Fahlquist, L.S., Rain-water, K.A., Ridley, Moira, and Jackson, W.A., 2006, Wide-spread presence of naturally occurring perchlorate in High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 40, no. 10, p. 3,156–3,162.

Rajagopalan, Srinath, Anderson, T.A., Cox, S., Harvey, G., Cheng, Q., and Jackson, W.A., 2009, Perchlorate in wet deposition across North America: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 43, p. 616–622.

Sanchez, C.A., Crump, K.S., Drieger, R.I., Khandaker, N.R., and Gibbs, J.P., 2005, Perchlorate and nitrate in leafy vegetables of North America: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 39. no. 24, p. 9,391–9,397.

Scanlon, B.R., Reedy, R.C., Jackson, W.A., and Rao, Balaji, 2008, Mobilization of naturally occurring perchlorate related to land-use change in the Southern High Plains, Texas: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 42, no. 23, p. 8,648–8,653.

Stanton, J.S., Landon, M.K., and Turco, M.J., 2007, Ground-water age and quality in the High Plains aquifer near Seward, Nebraska, 2003–04: U.S. Geological Survey Scien-tific Investigations Report 2007–5088, 37 p.

Stetson, S.J., Wanty, R.B., Helsel, D.R., Kalkhoff, S.J., and Macalady, D.L., 2006, Stability of low levels of perchlo-rate in drinking water and natural water samples: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 567, p. 108–113.

Sturchio, N.C., Hatzinger, P.B., Suh, Christy, and Heraty, L.J., 2003, Chlorine isotope fractionation during microbial reduction of perchlorate: Environmental Science and Tech-nology, v. 37, no. 17, p. 3,859–3,863.

Urbansky, E.T., Brown, S.K., Magnuson, M.L., and Kelty, C.A., 2001a, Perchlorate levels in samples of sodium nitrate fertilizer derived from Chilean caliche: Environmental Pol-lution, v. 112, p. 299–302.

Urbansky, E.T., Collette, T.W., Robarge, W.P., Hall, W.L., Skillen, J.M., and Kane, P.F., 2001b, Survey of fertilizers and related materials for perchlorate (ClO4) Final Report: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development EPA/600/R-01/047, 26 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2003, Occurrence and potential sources of perchlorate released to the environment as of April, 2003; available online at http://www.epa.gov/fedfac/pdf/percocc0403.pdf.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2008, Emerging Contaminant – Perchlorate: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Fact Sheet EPA 505-F-07-0, 4 p.

U.S. Geological Survey, 1998, National field manual for the collection of water-quality data: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chaps. A1–A9, available online at http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri9A.

Wagner, H.P., Suarez, F.X., Pepich, B.V., Hautman, D.P., and Munch, D.J., 2004, Challenges encountered in extending the sensitivity of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Method 314.0 for perchlorate in drinking water: Journal of Chromatography A, v. 1039, p. 97–104.

Walvoord, M.A., Phillips, F.M., Stonestrom, D.A., Evans, R.D., Hartsough, P.C., Newman, B.D., and Striegel, R.G., 2003, A reservoir of nitrate beneath desert soils: Science, v. 302, p. 1,021–1,024.

Webb, W.E., Radtke, D.B., and Iwatsubo, R.T., 1999, Chapter 4.1 Surface-water sampling: Collection methods at flow-ing-water and still-water sites in U.S. Geological Survey, 1998, National field manual for the collection of water-quality data: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chaps. A1–A9, available online at http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri9A.

Wilde, F.D., ed., 2004, Cleaning of equipment for water sampling (ver. 2.0): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chap. A3, April, accessed February 13, 2009 at http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri9A3/.

Wright, M.T., Belitz, Kenneth, and Burton, C.A., 2005, Cali-fornia GAMA Program—Ground-water quality in the San Diego Drainages hydrogeologic province, California, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 129, 91 p.

Tables 1, 3–6

18 Perchlorate Data for Streams and Groundwater in Selected Areas of the United States, 2004Ta

ble

1.

Sele

cted

site

s in

the

Unite

d St

ates

sam

pled

for p

erch

lora

te a

naly

sis.

[NA

, not

app

licab

le; s

w, su

rfac

e w

ater

; gw,

gro

undw

ater

]

Map

iden

tifi-

catio

n nu

mbe

r (fi

gs.

2–9)

Site

num

ber

Site

nam

eSt

ate

Coun

tyLa

titud

e,

in d

ecim

al

degr

ees

Long

itude

, in

dec

imal

de

gree

s

Hyd

rolo

gic

Uni

t Cod

e

Wel

l de

pth,

in

feet

Site

ty

pe

AR

-01

0705

3250

Yocu

m C

reek

nea

r Oak

Gro

ve, A

RA

rkan

sas

Car

roll

36.4

5478

8-9

3.35

6017

1101

0001

NA

sw

AR

-02

0705

5646

Buf

falo

Riv

er n

ear B

oxle

y, A

RA

rkan

sas

New

ton

35.9

3890

3-9

3.40

5061

1101

0005

NA

sw

AR

-03

0706

0710

Nor

th S

ylam

ore

Cre

ek n

ear F

ifty

Six,

AR

Ark

ansa

sSt

one

35.9

9173

9-9

2.21

4044

1101

0004

NA

sw

AR

-04

3546

3509

0365

601

13N

04E1

2AB

B1

Ark

ansa

sC

raig

head

35.7

7646

5-9

0.61

5665

0802

0203

110

gw

AZ-

0109

3800

00C

olor

ado

Riv

er a

t Lee

s Fer

ry, A

ZA

rizon

aC

ocon

ino

36.8

6471

0-1

11.5

8821

614

0700

06N

Asw

AZ-

0209

4485

00G

ila R

iver

at H

ead

of S

affo

rd V

alle

y ne

ar S

olom

on, A

ZA

rizon

aG

raha

m32

.868

397

-109

.511

186

1504

0005

NA

sw

AZ-

0309

4665

00G

ila R

iver

at C

alva

, AZ

Ariz

ona

Gra

ham

33.1

8561

3-1

10.2

2009

015

0400

05N

Asw

AZ-

0409

4710

00Sa

n Pe

dro

Riv

er a

t Cha

rlest

on, A

ZA

rizon

aC

ochi

se31

.625

926

-110

.174

523

1505

0202

NA

sw

AZ-

0509

4740

00G

ila R

iver

at K

elvi

n, A

ZA

rizon

aPi

nal

33.1

0284

0-1

10.9

7650

115

0501

00N

Asw

AZ-

0609

4985

00Sa

lt R

iver

nea

r Roo

seve

lt, A

ZA

rizon

aG

ila33

.619

495

-110

.921

504

1506

0103

NA

sw

AZ-

0709

5020

00Sa

lt R

iver

bel

ow S

tew

art M

ount

ain

Dam

, AZ

Ariz

ona

Mar

icop

a33

.552

823

-111

.576

524

1506

0106

NA

sw

AZ-

0809

5040

00Ve

rde

Riv

er n

ear C

lark

dale

, AZ

Ariz

ona

Yava

pai

34.8

5224

2-1

12.0

6599

415

0602

02N

Asw

AZ-

0909

5079

80Ea

st V

erde

Riv

er n

ear C

hild

s, A

ZA

rizon

aG

ila34

.276

421

-111

.638

756

1506

0203

NA

sw

AZ-

1009

5085

00Ve

rde

Riv

er b

elow

Tan

gle

Cre

ek a

bove

Hor

sesh

oe

Dam

, AZ

Ariz

ona

Yava

pai

34.0

7309

2-1

11.7

1625

715

0602

03N

Asw

AZ-

1109

5100

00Ve

rde

Riv

er b

elow

Bar

tlett

Dam

, AZ

Ariz

ona

Mar

icop

a33

.808

375

-111

.663

473

1506

0203

NA

sw

CA

-01

1104

9400

Sant

a Ana

Riv

er a

bove

Sev

en O

aks D

am, C

AC

alifo

rnia

San

Ber

nard

ino

34.1

4278

8-1

17.0

6948

018

0702

03N

Asw

CA

-02

1106

0400

War

m C

reek

nea

r San

Ber

nard

ino,

CA

Cal

iforn

iaSa

n B

erna

rdin

o34

.078

346

-117

.300

321

1807

0203

NA

sw

CA

-03

1107

4000

Sant

a Ana

Riv

er b

elow

Pra

do D

am, C

AC

alifo

rnia

Riv

ersi

de33

.883

349

-117

.645

330

1807

0203

NA

sw

CA

-04

3239

2511

7044

001

017S

002W

27P0

02S

Cal

iforn

iaSa

n D

iego

32.6

5707

5-1

17.0

7783

618

0703

0460

6gw

CA

-05

3248

4011

6584

401

016S

001W

03E0

01S

Cal

iforn

iaSa

n D

iego

32.8

1136

1-1

16.9

7905

618

0703

0490

6gw

CA

-06

3251

5711

6551

401

015S

001E

18L0

05S

Cal

iforn

iaSa

n D

iego

32.8

6611

1-1

16.9

2055

618

0703

0423

0gw

CA

-07

3304

4711

7065

301

013S

002W

05D

001S

Cal

iforn

iaSa

n D

iego

33.0

7994

4-1

17.1

1486

118

0703

0445

0gw

CA

-08

3314

4311

7181

201

011S

004W

04K

005S

Cal

iforn

iaSa

n D

iego

33.2

4527

8-1

17.3

0333

318

0703

0313

5gw

CA

-09

3316

5911

6394

701

010S

003E

27D

002S

Cal

iforn

iaSa

n D

iego

33.2

8308

3-1

16.6

6305

618

0703

0329

5gw

CA

-10

3317

0711

7223

601

010S

005W

26C

003S

Cal

iforn

iaSa

n D

iego

33.2

8544

4-1

17.3

7683

318

0703

02N

Agw

CA

-11

3320

2411

6535

701

010S

001E

05B

001S

Cal

iforn

iaSa

n D

iego

33.3

4003

4-1

16.9

0002

518

0703

0317

0gw

CO

-01

0671

3500

Che

rry

Cre

ek a

t Den

ver,

CO

Col

orad

oD

enve

r39

.742

487

-104

.999

982

1019

0003

NA

sw

CO

-02

0675

3990

Lone

tree

Cre

ek n

ear G

reel

ey, C

OC

olor

ado

Wel

d40

.442

481

-104

.588

849

1019

0008

NA

sw

CO

-03

0675

4000

Sout

h Pl

atte

Riv

er n

ear K

erse

y, C

OC

olor

ado

Wel

d40

.411

925

-104

.562

737

1019

0003

NA

sw

CO

-04

0710

3707

Foun

tain

Cre

ek b

elow

8th

Stre

et a

t Col

orad

o Sp

rings

, C

OC

olor

ado

El P

aso

38.8

2943

7-1

04.8

3969

711

0200

03N

Asw

CO

-05

0710

6000

Foun

tain

Cre

ek n

ear F

ount

ain,

CO

Col

orad

oEl

Pas

o38

.601

665

-104

.670

250

1102

0003

NA

sw

Tables 1, 3–6 19Ta

ble

1.

Sele

cted

site

s in

the

Unite

d St

ates

sam

pled

for p

erch

lora

te a

naly

sis.

—Co

ntin

ued

[NA

, not

app

licab

le; s

w, su

rfac

e w

ater

; gw,

gro

undw

ater

]

Map

iden

tifi-

catio

n nu

mbe

r (fi

gs. 2

–9)

Site

num

ber

Site

nam

eSt

ate

Coun

tyLa

titud

e,

in d

ecim

al

degr

ees

Long

itude

, in

dec

imal

de

gree

s

Hyd

rolo

gic

Uni

t Cod

e

Wel

l de

pth,

in

feet

Site

ty

pe

CO

-06

0710

6300

Foun

tain

Cre

ek n

ear P

inon

, CO

Col

orad

oPu

eblo

38.4

2944

4-1

04.5

9805

611

0200

03N

Asw

CO

-07

0710

6500

Foun

tain

Cre

ek a

t Pue

blo,

CO

Col

orad

oPu

eblo

38.2

8778

0-1

04.6

0108

511

0200

03N

Asw

CO

-08

0909

5300

Dry

For

k at

Upp

er S

tatio

n ne

ar D

e B

eque

, CO

Col

orad

oG

arfie

ld39

.374

701

-108

.317

864

1401

0006

NA

sw

CO

-09

0916

3500

Col

orad

o R

iver

nea

r Col

orad

o-U

tah

Stat

e Li

neC

olor

ado

Mes

a39

.132

760

-109

.027

055

1401

0005

NA

sw

CO

-10

0937

1010

San

Juan

Riv

er a

t Fou

r Cor

ners

, CO

Col

orad

oM

onte

zum

a37

.001

111

-109

.028

889

1408

0201

NA

sw

CO

-11

3709

3610

6010

501

NA

0340

0929

CB

BC

olor

ado

Con

ejos

37.1

6001

0-1

06.0

1863

413

0100

0224

.85

gw

CO

-12

3733

2310

6025

001

NA

0380

0812

AC

AC

olor

ado

Rio

Gra

nde

37.5

5639

2-1

06.0

4780

413

0100

0219

.85

gw

CO

-13

3738

4910

6124

501

NA

0390

0709

AB

BC

olor

ado

Rio

Gra

nde

37.6

4694

7-1

06.2

1308

613

0100

0228

.56

gw

CO

-14

3750

5410

6013

401

NA

0420

0931

BA

DC

olor

ado

Sagu

ache

37.8

4918

9-1

06.0

2744

413

0100

0414

.4gw

CO

-15

3832

3210

6554

700

NB

0490

0101

BC

BC

olor

ado

Gun

niso

n38

.542

189

-106

.930

206

1402

0003

23.5

gw

CO

-16

3852

1310

6584

700

SC01

4086

02B

CC

Col

orad

oG

unni

son

38.8

7008

6-1

06.9

8039

214

0200

0128

gw

CO

-17

3922

1010

4482

901

SC00

8066

08B

CD

Col

orad

oD

ougl

as39

.369

722

-104

.808

306

1019

0003

54.2

1gw

CO

-18

3930

0310

4450

001

SC00

6066

26B

DD

Col

orad

oD

ougl

as39

.501

028

-104

.749

972

1019

0003

58.5

7gw

CO

-19

3934

0810

4544

001

SC00

5067

32D

CA

Col

orad

oA

rapa

hoe

39.5

6888

9-1

04.9

1113

910

1900

0249

.58

gw

CO

-20

3934

3110

6070

801

SC00

5078

34B

CB

Col

orad

oSu

mm

it39

.575

483

-106

.118

983

1401

0002

27gw

CO

-21

3937

4210

4453

801

SC00

5066

10D

BD

Col

orad

oA

rapa

hoe

39.6

2838

9-1

04.7

6063

910

1900

0328

.63

gw

CO

-22

3937

5810

6041

401

SC00

5078

12A

CB

Col

orad

oSu

mm

it39

.633

028

-106

.070

667

1401

0002

58gw

CO

-23

3938

3010

6210

600

SC00

5080

09A

AC

Col

orad

oEa

gle

39.6

4158

3-1

06.3

5213

914

0100

0318

gw

CO

-24

3938

4610

4465

601

SC00

5066

04B

DD

Col

orad

oA

rapa

hoe

39.6

4630

6-1

04.7

8227

810

1900

0338

.65

gw

CO

-25

3959

2910

5510

300

SC00

1076

02D

AC

Col

orad

oG

rand

39.9

9151

7-1

05.8

5181

914

0100

0128

gw

CO

-26

4015

4410

3443

101

SB00

3057

03B

BA

Col

orad

oM

orga

n40

.262

158

-103

.742

211

1019

0012

47gw

CO

-27

4021

0410

4404

501

SB00

5065

32D

DB

Col

orad

oW

eld

40.3

4872

8-1

04.6

7779

710

1900

0319

gw

CO

-28

4021

1410

5350

101

Big

Tho

mps

on b

elow

Mor

aine

Par

k ne

ar E

stes

Par

k,

CO

Col

orad

oLa

rimer

40.3

5387

3-1

05.5

8416

810

1900

06N

Asw

CO

-29

4022

1310

4015

501

SB00

5059

30C

BA

Col

orad

oM

orga

n40

.370

244

-104

.031

797

1019

0003

12gw

CO

-30

4051

5910

2444

201

SB01

0048

05C

CC

Col

orad

oLo

gan

40.8

6635

6-1

02.7

4569

410

1900

1215

gw

IA-0

105

3873

13U

nkno

wn

Trib

utar

y to

Bea

ver C

reek

nea

r Lim

e Sp

rings

, IA

Iow

aH

owar

d43

.441

389

-92.

3261

1107

0600

02N

Asw

IA-0

205

3883

25Si

lver

Cre

ek n

ear H

anov

er, I

AIo

wa

Alla

mak

ee43

.388

889

-91.

4602

7807

0600

02N

Asw

IA-0

305

4115

95B

ohem

ian

Cre

ek n

ear P

rotiv

in, I

AIo

wa

Win

nesh

iek

43.2

2555

6-9

2.02

1389

0706

0004

NA

sw

IA-0

405

4180

80N

orth

For

k M

aquo

keta

Riv

er a

t NE

Dye

rsvi

lle, I

AIo

wa

Dub

uque

42.4

8916

7-9

1.11

2500

0706

0006

NA

sw

IA-0

505

4206

80W

apsi

pini

con

Riv

er n

ear T

ripol

i, IA

Iow

aB

rem

er42

.836

091

-92.

2574

0007

0801

02N

Asw

IA-0

605

4208

58U

nnam

ed C

reek

nea

r Fai

rban

k, IA

Iow

aB

ucha

nan

42.6

0651

3-9

2.03

2845

0708

0102

NA

sw


ble

1.

Sele

cted

site

s in

the

Unite

d St

ates

sam

pled

for p

erch

lora

te a

naly

sis.

—Co

ntin

ued

[NA

, not

app

licab

le; s

w, su

rfac

e w

ater

; gw,

gro

undw

ater

]

Map

iden

tifi-

catio

n nu

mbe

r (fi

gs. 2

–9)

Site

num

ber

Site

nam

eSt

ate

Coun

tyLa

titud

e,

in d

ecim

al

degr

ees

Long

itude

, in

dec

imal

de

gree

s

Hyd

rolo

gic

Uni

t Cod

e

Wel

l de

pth,

in

feet

Site

ty

pe

IA-0

705

4489

10U

nkno

wn

Trib

utar

y to

Eas

t Bra

nch

Iow

a R

iver

at

Gar

ner,

IAIo

wa

Han

cock

43.0

9222

2-9

3.59

3611

0708

0207

NA

sw

IA-0

805

4495

00Io

wa

Riv

er n

ear R

owan

, IA

Iow

aW

right

42.7

5994

4-9

3.62

1849

0708

0207

NA

sw

IA-0

905

4495

80D

itch

No.

5 n

ear G

alt,

IAIo

wa

Wrig

ht42

.676

389

-93.

5983

3307

0802

07N

Asw

IA-1

005

4512

10So

uth

Fork

Iow

a R

iver

Nor

thea

st o

f New

Pro

vide

nce,

IA

Iow

aH

ardi

n42

.314

984

-93.

1524

2507

0802

07N

Asw

IA-1

105

4514

25So

uth

Min

erva

Cre

ek a

t Cle

mon

s, IA

Iow

aM

arsh

all

42.1

1250

0-9

3.15

1944

0708

0207

NA

sw

IA-1

205

4598

00Li

ttle

Lim

e C

reek

nea

r Nor

a Sp

rings

, IA

Iow

aC

erro

Gor

do43

.103

056

-93.

0447

2207

0802

03N

Asw

IA-1

305

4630

80B

lack

Haw

k C

reek

nea

r Hol

land

, IA

Iow

aG

rund

y42

.375

000

-92.

8166

6707

0802

05N

Asw

IA-1

405

4649

25Li

ttle

Mos

quito

Cre

ek n

ear M

osco

w, IA

Iow

aM

usca

tine

41.5

3305

6-9

1.08

3611

0708

0206

NA

sw

IA-1

505

4655

00Io

wa

Riv

er a

t Wap

ello

, IA

Iow

aLo

uisa

41.1

7808

6-9

1.18

2094

0708

0209

NA

sw

IA-1

605

4723

30B

uck

Cre

ek n

ear N

ew S

haro

n, IA

Iow

aM

ahas

ka41

.480

530

-92.

5901

6107

0801

06N

Asw

IA-1

705

4733

40W

olf C

reek

nea

r Rom

e, IA

Iow

aH

enry

40.9

6224

8-9

1.71

4332

0708

0107

NA

sw

IA-1

805

4741

95W

est B

ranc

h Tr

ibut

ary

to S

uger

Cre

ek a

t La

Cre

w, IA

Iow

aLe

e40

.728

889

-91.

5658

3307

0801

04N

Asw

IA-1

905

4766

80Pr

airie

Cre

ek n

ear W

hitte

mor

e, IA

Iow

aPa

lo A

lto43

.053

611

-94.

4741

6707

1000

02N

Asw

IA-2

005

4806

10B

rush

y C

reek

nea

r Dun

com

be, I

AIo

wa

Web

ster

42.4

7555

6-9

4.01

5000

0710

0004

NA

sw

IA-2

105

4823

61W

est F

ork

Cam

p C

reek

nea

r Yet

ter,

IAIo

wa

Cal

houn

42.3

7333

3-9

4.84

2222

0710

0006

NA

sw

IA-2

205

4834

63Sp

ringb

rook

Cre

ek a

t Bag

ley,

IAIo

wa

Gut

hrie

41.7

7361

1-9

4.46

5833

0710

0007

NA

sw

IA-2

305

4858

00N

orth

Bra

nch

Nor

th R

iver

at M

cBrid

e, IA

Iow

aM

adis

on41

.424

157

-93.

9427

2707

1000

08N

Asw

IA-2

405

4877

70B

rush

Cre

ek n

ear L

ucas

, IA

Iow

aLu

cas

41.0

1861

1-9

3.50

6111

0710

0008

NA

sw

IA-2

506

4834

71R

at C

reek

nea

r Mat

lock

, IA

Iow

aLy

on43

.273

889

-95.

9375

0010

1702

04N

Asw

IA-2

606

6037

60Tr

ibut

ary

Wes

t For

k Li

ttle

Siou

x R

iver

bel

ow S

ilver

La

ke n

ear L

ake

Park

, IA

Iow

aD

icki

nson

43.4

3833

3-9

5.27

9444

1023

0003

NA

sw

IA-2

706

6053

95Lo

st Is

land

Out

let a

bove

Dic

kens

, IA

Iow

aC

lay

43.1

2666

7-9

4.99

7222

1023

0003

NA

sw

IA-2

806

6066

50B

ig C

reek

nea

r Ant

hon,

IAIo

wa

Woo

dbur

y42

.389

722

-95.

8338

8910

2300

03N

Asw

IA-2

906

8072

78Tr

ibut

ary

to W

est F

ork

Wes

t Nis

hnab

otna

Riv

er n

ear

Man

illa,

IAIo

wa

Cra

wfo

rd41

.919

167

-95.

2261

1110

2400

02N

Asw

IA-3

006

8097

75Fi

sher

Cre

ek n

ear S

hena

ndoa

h, IA

Iow

aFr

emon

t40

.740

278

-95.

4222

2210

2400

03N

Asw

IA-3

140

4327

0952

8480

106

8N40

W07

BC

AA

Iow

aFr

emon

t40

.724

166

-95.

4802

6710

2400

0365

gw

IA-3

240

4521

0952

3580

106

9N40

W26

BA

BD

Iow

aFr

emon

t40

.755

831

-95.

3997

1110

2400

0333

gw

IA-3

340

4531

0950

2050

206

9N36

W19

CD

Iow

aPa

ge40

.758

602

-95.

0349

8010

2400

0976

gw

IA-3

440

4957

0951

8350

107

0N39

W27

Iow

aPa

ge40

.832

496

-95.

3099

8810

2400

0244

.5gw

IA-3

541

0007

0953

3050

107

2N41

W27

CD

CC

Iow

aM

ills

41.0

0194

2-9

5.55

1666

1024

0002

56gw

IA-3

641

0107

0953

0000

107

2N41

W24

DA

DIo

wa

Mill

s41

.018

608

-95.

5002

7610

2400

0253

gw


ble

1.

Sele

cted

site

s in

the

Unite

d St

ates

sam

pled

for p

erch

lora

te a

naly

sis.

—Co

ntin

ued

[NA

, not

app

licab

le; s

w, su

rfac

e w

ater

; gw,

gro

undw

ater

]

Map

iden

tifi-

catio

n nu

mbe

r (fi

gs. 2

–9)

Site

num

ber

Site

nam

eSt

ate

Coun

tyLa

titud

e,

in d

ecim

al

degr

ees

Long

itude

, in

dec

imal

de

gree

s

Hyd

rolo

gic

Uni

t Cod

e

Wel

l de

pth,

in

feet

Site

ty

pe

IA-3

741

0118

0951

4400

107

2N38

W29

BA

Iow

aM

ontg

omer

y41

.021

660

-95.

2447

1410

2400

0360

gw

IA-3

841

1154

0952

5250

107

4N40

W22

AD

DB

Iow

aPo

ttaw

atta

mie

41.1

9832

8-9

5.42

3889

1024

0002

38gw

IA-3

941

1649

0955

2500

107

5N44

W22

DA

DA

Iow

aPo

ttaw

atta

mie

41.2

8027

6-9

5.88

0846

1023

0006

121

gw

IA-4

041

2117

0923

9230

107

6N16

W25

CB

DA

Iow

aM

ahas

ka41

.354

727

-92.

6565

8107

0801

0550

gw

IA-4

141

2812

0953

2270

107

7N41

W15

AC

DD

Iow

aPo

ttaw

atta

mie

41.4

6999

2-9

5.54

1116

1024

0001

48gw

IA-4

241

3031

0932

8550

107

7N23

W03

AA

AA

Iow

aW

arre

n41

.508

601

-93.

4821

5807

1000

0843

gw

IA-4

341

3132

0943

0420

207

8N32

W27

AD

DC

Iow

aG

uthr

ie41

.525

543

-94.

5119

1507

1000

0834

gw

IA-4

441

3342

0934

3280

107

8N25

W15

CA

AC

Iow

aPo

lk41

.561

656

-93.

7241

1007

1000

0642

gw

IA-4

541

3743

0950

4120

107

9N36

W29

BB

CA

Iow

aA

udub

on41

.628

599

-95.

0702

6910

2400

0338

gw

IA-4

641

3744

0935

9550

107

9N27

W28

BA

AA

Iow

aD

alla

s41

.628

877

-93.

9988

4107

1000

0644

.5gw

IA-4

741

3907

0930

7020

107

9N20

W13

AD

DD

Iow

aJa

sper

41.6

5193

5-9

3.11

7423

0708

0105

52gw

IA-4

841

3943

0954

5360

107

9N42

W08

DC

CB

Iow

aH

arris

on41

.661

934

-95.

7602

8610

2300

0755

gw

IA-4

941

4024

0931

5390

107

9N21

W11

AB

BB

045

10Io

wa

Jasp

er41

.673

322

-93.

2610

3907

0801

0547

gw

IA-5

041

4029

0931

4560

107

9N21

W01

CC

CA

Iow

aJa

sper

41.6

7471

1-9

3.24

9094

0708

0105

57gw

IA-5

141

4251

0925

4170

108

0N18

W26

AA

DC

Iow

aJa

sper

41.7

1415

9-9

2.90

3805

0708

0106

36gw

IA-5

241

4315

0945

2420

108

0N35

W24

CB

CC

Iow

aA

udub

on41

.720

820

-94.

8785

9610

2400

0334

.5gw

IA-5

341

4933

0952

0180

208

1N39

W13

CA

CB

Iow

aSh

elby

41.8

2582

1-9

5.33

8609

1024

0002

50gw

IA-5

441

5055

0941

3120

108

1N29

W10

BB

BA

031

47Io

wa

Dal

las

41.8

4859

6-9

4.22

0239

0710

0006

22gw

IA-5

541

5435

0944

9280

108

2N34

W17

DD

BA

218

82Io

wa

Car

roll

41.9

0970

8-9

4.82

4706

0710

0007

45gw

IA-5

641

5442

0921

8020

108

2N13

W13

DA

CB

Iow

aTa

ma

41.9

1166

3-9

2.30

0741

0708

0208

37gw

IA-5

741

5949

0914

0490

108

3N07

W17

DA

CD

Iow

aLi

nn41

.996

944

-91.

6804

5807

0802

0572

gw

IA-5

842

0156

0935

6240

208

3N27

W01

AB

CC

Iow

aB

oone

42.0

3220

5-9

3.94

0230

0710

0004

74gw

IA-5

942

0453

0935

6140

108

4N27

W13

DC

AA

Iow

aB

oone

42.0

8137

0-9

3.93

7452

0710

0004

55.8

gw

IA-6

042

0607

0925

9450

108

4N18

W07

BC

AD

Iow

aM

arsh

all

42.1

0193

1-9

2.99

5478

0708

0208

25gw

IA-6

142

3138

0903

8360

108

9N03

E18A

AD

B 0

7468

Iow

aD

ubuq

ue42

.527

224

-90.

6434

6107

0600

0519

6gw

IA-6

242

4312

0931

3520

109

1N20

W05

DB

CC

401

14Io

wa

Fran

klin

42.7

0886

3-9

3.23

1313

0708

0204

44gw

IA-6

342

4838

0961

6100

109

2N46

W03

CC

AB

Iow

aPl

ymou

th42

.810

546

-96.

2697

4710

2300

0232

gw

IA-6

442

4921

0963

3470

109

3N48

W31

CC

DD

Iow

aPl

ymou

th42

.822

493

-96.

5633

6610

1702

0347

gw

IA-6

542

5940

0962

9450

109

4N48

W03

AB

DA

Iow

aSi

oux

42.9

9443

3-9

6.49

6142

1017

0203

37.5

gw

IA-6

643

0923

0951

1450

109

6N37

W03

DD

CC

Iow

aC

lay

43.1

5635

8-9

5.19

6108

1023

0003

39gw

IA-6

743

1816

0914

7440

109

8N08

W16

CA

BD

Iow

aW

inne

shie

k43

.304

417

-91.

7957

1007

0600

0267

gw

IA-6

843

2314

0953

2000

109

9N40

W14

DC

CC

Iow

aO

sceo

la43

.387

190

-95.

5336

1910

2300

0334

gw

IL-0

105

5255

00Su

gar C

reek

at M

ilfor

d, IL

Illin

ois

Iroq

uois

40.6

3003

6-8

7.72

3918

0712

0002

NA

sw


ble

1.

Sele

cted

site

s in

the

Unite

d St

ates

sam

pled

for p

erch

lora

te a

naly

sis.

—Co

ntin

ued

[NA

, not

app

licab

le; s

w, su

rfac

e w

ater

; gw,

gro

undw

ater

]

Map

iden

tifi-

catio

n nu

mbe

r (fi

gs. 2

–9)

Site

num

ber

Site

nam

eSt

ate

Coun

tyLa

titud

e,

in d

ecim

al

degr

ees

Long

itude

, in

dec

imal

de

gree

s

Hyd

rolo

gic

Uni

t Cod

e

Wel

l de

pth,

in

feet

Site

ty

pe

IL-0

205

5720

00Sa

ngam

on R

iver

at M

ontic

ello

, IL

Illin

ois

Piat

t40

.030

867

-88.

5889

5407

1300

06N

Asw

IL-0

303

3821

25Li

ttle

Salin

e R

iver

nea

r Car

rier M

ills,

ILIll

inoi

sSa

line

37.6

3754

9-8

8.62

5887

0514

0204

NA

sw

IL-0

405

5952

10R

ockh

ouse

Cre

ek n

ear H

ecke

r, IL

Illin

ois

Mon

roe

38.2

8671

8-9

0.05

0942

0714

0204

NA

sw

IL-0

503

3806

00Fo

urm

ile C

reek

nea

r Way

ne C

ity, I

LIll

inoi

sW

ayne

38.3

1472

2-8

8.54

0556

0512

0115

NA

sw

IL-0

603

3465

65R

acco

on C

reek

Trib

utar

y ne

ar P

eter

sbur

g, IL

Illin

ois

Law

renc

e38

.585

048

-87.

7780

8505

1201

13N

Asw

IL-0

705

5927

60R

acco

on C

reek

nea

r Mul

berr

y G

rove

, IL

Illin

ois

Faye

tte38

.924

213

-89.

2339

6107

1402

02N

Asw

IL-0

803

3444

35Is

land

Cre

ek n

ear W

oodb

ury,

ILIll

inoi

sC

umbe

rland

39.1

7972

2-8

8.27

8333

0512

0112

NA

sw

IL-0

905

5865

97C

oate

s Cre

ek n

ear B

erda

n, IL

Illin

ois

Gre

ene

39.3

4416

7-9

0.46

8333

0713

0011

NA

sw

IL-1

005

5750

30W

illow

Cre

ek n

ear M

orris

onvi

lle, I

LIll

inoi

sC

hris

tian

39.4

1060

5-8

9.43

5648

0713

0007

NA

sw

IL-1

105

5732

00B

ig C

reek

Trib

utar

y ne

ar M

t. Zi

on, I

LIll

inoi

sM

acon

39.7

8336

9-8

8.83

7573

0713

0006

NA

sw

IL-1

205

5719

50C

amp

Cre

ek T

ribut

ary

near

Whi

te H

eath

, IL

Illin

ois

Piat

t40

.047

811

-88.

4845

0507

1300

06N

Asw

IL-1

305

5847

90C

edar

Cre

ek n

ear C

amde

n, IL

Illin

ois

Schu

yler

40.1

7027

8-9

0.76

1389

0713

0010

NA

sw

IL-1

403

3367

90U

pper

Sal

t For

k Tr

ibut

ary

near

Ran

toul

, IL

Illin

ois

Cha

mpa

ign

40.2

6975

6-8

8.10

2542

0512

0109

NA

sw

IL-1

505

4160

50Sm

allp

ox C

reek

at A

itken

, IL

Illin

ois

Jo D

avie

ss42

.348

889

-90.

4102

7807

0600

05N

Asw

IN-0

104

1780

00St

. Jos

eph

Riv

er n

ear N

ewvi

lle, I

NIn

dian

aD

eKal

b41

.385

606

-84.

8016

2604

1000

03N

Asw

IN-0

238

4113

0864

2540

1B

eave

r Cre

ek n

ear H

uron

, IN

Indi

ana

Mar

tin38

.686

817

-86.

7150

8905

1202

08N

Asw

IN-0

339

0020

0860

0080

1C

oole

y C

reek

nea

r Sey

mou

r, IN

Indi

ana

Jack

son

39.0

0564

7-8

6.00

2322

0512

0206

NA

sw

IN-0

439

1014

0864

8450

1Li

ck C

reek

nea

r Fre

edom

, IN

Indi

ana

Ow

en39

.170

572

-86.

8125

0805

1202

02N

Asw

IN-0

539

1740

0850

5570

1Pi

pe C

reek

nea

r Pen

ntow

n, IN

Indi

ana

Rip

ley

39.2

9432

2-8

5.09

9058

0508

0003

NA

sw

IN-0

639

2007

0871

4020

1B

ig S

loug

h ne

ar R

iley,

INIn

dian

aC

lay

39.3

3514

4-8

7.23

3992

0512

0203

NA

sw

IN-0

739

4024

0870

5090

1R

ock

Fork

nea

r Man

sfiel

d, IN

Indi

ana

Park

e39

.673

419

-87.

0858

8105

1201

08N

Asw

IN-0

839

4102

0855

3310

1Li

ttle

Suga

r Cre

ek n

ear N

ew P

ales

tine,

INIn

dian

aSh

elby

39.6

8390

0-8

5.89

2000

0512

0204

NA

sw

IN-0

940

0101

0861

7250

1M

ount

s Run

nea

r Zio

nsvi

lle, I

NIn

dian

aB

oone

40.0

1691

1-8

6.29

0400

0512

0201

NA

sw

IN-1

040

1510

0855

0250

1Li

ttle

Duc

k C

reek

nea

r Elw

ood,

INIn

dian

aM

adis

on40

.252

750

-85.

8402

3905

1202

01N

Asw

IN-1

140

1722

0845

1320

1M

issi

ssin

ewa

Riv

er n

ear U

nion

City

, IN

Indi

ana

Ran

dolp

h40

.289

433

-84.

8587

5005

1201

03N

Asw

IN-1

240

3748

0871

0130

1O

wen

s Ditc

h ne

ar F

owle

r, IN

Indi

ana

Ben

ton

40.6

3013

3-8

7.17

0317

0512

0108

NA

sw

IN-1

341

0823

0845

5110

1W

ilbur

Ditc

h ne

ar F

ort W

ayne

, IN

Indi

ana

Alle

n41

.139

750

-84.

9196

6904

1000

05N

Asw

IN-1

441

2215

0870

4280

1C

obb

Ditc

h ne

ar K

outs

, IN

Indi

ana

Porte

r41

.370

800

-87.

0743

3107

1200

01N

Asw

IN-1

541

4241

0860

3010

1C

obus

Cre

ek n

ear E

lkha

rt, IN

Indi

ana

Elkh

art

41.7

1148

1-8

6.05

0200

0405

0001

NA

sw

MI-

0104

1015

31O

sbor

n D

rain

nea

r Gle

nwoo

d, M

IM

ichi

gan

Cas

s42

.065

599

-86.

0750

1404

0500

01N

Asw

MI-

0204

1027

26B

utte

rnut

Cre

ek n

ear S

outh

Hav

en, M

IM

ichi

gan

Van

Bur

en42

.411

698

-86.

2161

4004

0500

02N

Asw

MI-

0304

1158

51Li

ttle

Libh

art C

reek

nea

r Lyo

ns, M

IM

ichi

gan

Ioni

a42

.958

644

-84.

9661

1204

0500

06N

Asw

MI-

0404

1160

23B

ella

my

Cre

ek n

ear I

onia

, MI

Mic

higa

nIo

nia

42.9

9419

9-8

5.11

3619

0405

0006

NA

sw


ble

1.

Sele

cted

site

s in

the

Unite

d St

ates

sam

pled

for p

erch

lora

te a

naly

sis.

—Co

ntin

ued

[NA

, not

app

licab

le; s

w, su

rfac

e w

ater

; gw,

gro

undw

ater

]

Map

iden

tifi-

catio

n nu

mbe

r (fi

gs. 2

–9)

Site

num

ber

Site

nam

eSt

ate

Coun

tyLa

titud

e,

in d

ecim

al

degr

ees

Long

itude

, in

dec

imal

de

gree

s

Hyd

rolo

gic

Uni

t Cod

e

Wel

l de

pth,

in

feet

Site

ty

pe

MI-

0504

1167

34Li

ttle

Thor

napp

le R

iver

nea

r Gre

sham

, MI

Mic

higa

nEa

ton

42.6

5170

3-8

4.87

2768

0405

0007

NA

sw

MI-

0604

1174

48C

edar

Cre

ek n

ear Q

uim

by, M

IM

ichi

gan

Bar

ry42

.600

869

-85.

2416

7104

0500

07N

Asw

MI-

0704

1505

92So

uth

Bra

nch

Whi

te C

reek

nea

r Def

ord,

MI

Mic

higa

nTu

scol

a43

.504

465

-83.

2463

3604

0802

05N

Asw

MI-

0804

1770

85La

ird C

reek

nea

r Wal

dron

, MI

Mic

higa

nH

illsd

ale

41.7

1310

6-8

4.49

8838

0410

0003

NA

sw

MN

-01

0528

8705

Shin

gle

Cre

ek a

t Que

en A

venu

e in

Min

neap

olis

, MN

Min

neso

taH

enne

pin

45.0

4996

5-9

3.31

0227

0701

0206

NA

sw

MN

-02

0531

6983

Cou

nty

Ditc

h 24

nea

r Cle

men

ts, M

NM

inne

sota

Red

woo

d44

.341

944

-94.

9983

3307

0200

08N

Asw

MN

-03

0531

8283

Judi

cial

Ditc

h 85

nea

r Will

ow C

reek

, MN

Min

neso

taB

lue

Earth

43.8

9000

0-9

4.28

9167

0702

0009

NA

sw

MN

-04

0532

0270

Littl

e C

obb

Riv

er n

ear B

eauf

ord,

MN

Min

neso

taB

lue

Earth

43.9

9663

3-9

3.90

8563

0702

0011

NA

sw

MN

-05

0532

5580

Che

rry

Cre

ek n

ear O

ttaw

a, M

NM

inne

sota

Le S

ueur

44.3

5774

4-9

3.90

9126

0702

0007

NA

sw

MN

-06

0532

9898

Silv

er C

reek

nea

r Eas

t Uni

on, M

NM

inne

sota

Car

ver

44.6

9138

9-9

3.73

7222

0702

0012

NA

sw

MN

-07

0533

1580

Mis

siss

ippi

rive

r bel

ow L

&D

#2

at H

astin

gs, M

NM

inne

sota

Dak

ota

44.7

4663

4-9

2.85

2427

0701

0206

NA

sw

MN

-08

0533

9721

Rus

h C

reek

abo

ve M

outh

nea

r Rus

h C

ity, M

NM

inne

sota

Chi

sago

45.6

5611

1-9

2.89

0278

0703

0005

NA

sw

MN

-09

0535

1400

Dev

il C

reek

nea

r Mor

risto

wn,

MN

Min

neso

taR

ice

44.2

5413

0-9

3.46

8000

0704

0002

NA

sw

MN

-10

0535

5307

Wel

ls C

reek

nea

r Bel

vide

re M

ills,

MN

Min

neso

taG

oodh

ue44

.457

778

-92.

4772

2207

0400

01N

Asw

MN

-11

0537

7508

Trou

t Cre

ek n

ear W

eave

r, M

NM

inne

sota

Wab

asha

44.2

0055

6-9

1.94

4444

0704

0003

NA

sw

MN

-12

0537

7550

Dee

ring

Valle

y C

reek

nea

r Whi

tman

, MN

Min

neso

taW

inon

a44

.134

167

-91.

7886

1107

0400

03N

Asw

MN

-13

0538

4110

Dus

chee

Cre

ek a

bove

Lan

esbo

ro, M

NM

inne

sota

Fillm

ore

43.6

9944

4-9

1.99

0000

0704

0008

NA

sw

MO

-01

0549

5850

Wya

cond

a R

iver

nea

r Lur

ay, M

OM

isso

uri

Cla

rk40

.415

872

-91.

8698

9307

1100

01N

Asw

MO

-02

0550

2005

Bea

r Cre

ek a

t 29t

h St

reet

at H

anni

bal,

MO

Mis

sour

iR

alls

39.6

8476

8-9

1.38

8205

0711

0004

NA

sw

MT-

0106

3063

00To

ngue

Riv

er a

t Sta

te L

ine

near

Dec

ker,

MT

Mon

tana

Big

Hor

n45

.008

863

-106

.836

178

1009

0101

NA

sw

NE-

0106

8000

00M

aple

Cre

ek n

ear N

icke

rson

, NE

Neb

rask

aD

odge

41.5

6027

8-9

6.54

0833

1022

0003

NA

sw

NE-

0206

8005

00El

khor

n R

iver

at W

ater

loo,

NE

Neb

rask

aD

ougl

as41

.293

333

-96.

2838

8910

2200

03N

Asw

NE-

0306

8055

00Pl

atte

Riv

er a

t Lou

isvi

lle, N

EN

ebra

ska

Sarp

y41

.015

278

-96.

1577

7810

2002

02N

Asw

NE-

0440

0757

0983

2540

12N

11W

15C

DD

D1

Neb

rask

aW

ebst

er40

.132

556

-98.

5482

7810

2500

1611

8.3

gw

NE-

0540

1329

0974

4450

13N

4W

15D

AD

A1

Neb

rask

aTh

ayer

40.2

2472

2-9

7.74

5833

1027

0206

58.4

7gw

NE-

0640

1715

0970

8360

14N

2E2

5AD

AA

1N

ebra

ska

Jeffe

rson

40.2

8750

0-9

7.14

3333

1027

0202

128.

5gw

NE-

0740

1853

0975

5010

14N

5W

18D

AA

A1

Neb

rask

aN

ucko

lls40

.314

722

-97.

9169

4410

2702

0611

2.4

gw

NE-

0840

1918

0971

9530

14N

1E

8DD

DD

1N

ebra

ska

Jeffe

rson

40.3

2166

7-9

7.33

1389

1027

0207

128.

38gw

NE-

0940

2103

0974

0420

15N

3W

32D

CD

C1

Neb

rask

aFi

llmor

e40

.350

833

-97.

6783

3310

2702

0610

8.79

gw

NE-

1040

2154

0985

1260

15N

14W

26D

DD

D1

Neb

rask

aK

earn

ey40

.365

000

-98.

8572

2210

2702

0615

8.43

gw

NE-

1140

2708

0985

3490

16N

14W

28D

DC

D1

Neb

rask

aK

earn

ey40

.452

222

-98.

8969

4410

2702

0612

9.39

gw

NE-

1240

2943

0982

8480

16N

10W

7D

DD

C1

Neb

rask

aA

dam

s40

.495

500

-98.

4798

0610

2702

0611

8.53

gw

NE-

1340

3314

0975

3280

17N

5W

21C

DA

D1

Neb

rask

aC

lay

40.5

5580

6-9

7.89

1222

1027

0203

118.

5gw


ble

1.

Sele

cted

site

s in

the

Unite

d St

ates

sam

pled

for p

erch

lora

te a

naly

sis.

—Co

ntin

ued

[NA

, not

app

licab

le; s

w, su

rfac

e w

ater

; gw,

gro

undw

ater

]

Map

iden

tifi-

catio

n nu

mbe

r (fi

gs. 2

–9)

Site

num

ber

Site

nam

eSt

ate

Coun

tyLa

titud

e,

in d

ecim

al

degr

ees

Long

itude

, in

dec

imal

de

gree

s

Hyd

rolo

gic

Uni

t Cod

e

Wel

l de

pth,

in

feet

Site

ty

pe

NE-

1440

3330

0985

4510

17N

14W

20D

AD

A1

Neb

rask

aK

earn

ey40

.558

333

-98.

9141

6710

2702

0677

.37

gw

NE-

1540

3502

0974

6010

17N

4W

10C

CC

B1

Neb

rask

aFi

llmor

e40

.583

889

-97.

7669

4410

2702

0412

3.5

gw

NE-

1640

3520

0970

1390

17N

3E1

2AD

DD

1N

ebra

ska

Salin

e40

.588

889

-97.

0275

0010

2702

0411

4gw

NE-

1740

3759

0971

3010

18N

2E2

9AD

DD

1N

ebra

ska

Salin

e40

.633

056

-97.

2169

4410

2702

0411

3.57

gw

NE-

1840

4010

0961

3010

1W

olf C

reek

nea

r Syr

acus

e, N

EN

ebra

ska

Oto

e40

.669

500

-96.

2170

2810

2400

06N

Asw

NE-

1940

4020

0980

5240

18N

7W

10D

DA

A1

Neb

rask

aC

lay

40.6

7222

2-9

8.09

0000

1027

0203

118.

21gw

NE-

2040

4117

0972

5330

18N

1W

4D

AD

D1

Neb

rask

aFi

llmor

e40

.688

056

-97.

4258

3310

2702

0310

0.71

gw

NE-

2140

4445

0973

2220

19N

2W

15C

BC

C1

Neb

rask

aYo

rk40

.745

833

-97.

5394

4410

2702

0353

.63

gw

NE-

2240

4525

0975

1510

19N

5W

10D

DD

D1

Neb

rask

aH

amilt

on40

.756

944

-97.

8641

6710

2702

0310

6.5

gw

NE-

2340

5047

0981

3320

110

N 8

W10

CC

BB

1N

ebra

ska

Ham

ilton

40.8

4638

9-9

8.22

5556

1027

0203

92.3

9gw

NE-

2440

5131

0973

5140

110

N 2

W 6

DC

CC

1 O

FPS-

38N

ebra

ska

York

40.8

5890

0-9

7.58

7551

1027

0203

43gw

NE-

2540

5134

0973

5530

110

N 3

W 1

DD

AD

1 F

P2-4

3N

ebra

ska

York

40.8

5944

4-9

7.59

8056

1027

0203

48.1

gw

NE-

2640

5146

0973

5300

110

N 2

W 6

CA

BB

1 F

P3-3

3N

ebra

ska

York

40.8

6277

8-9

7.59

1667

1027

0203

37.6

1gw

NE-

2740

5147

0973

5400

110

N 2

W 6

CB

DB

1 U

WT1

-53

Neb

rask

aYo

rk40

.863

056

-97.

5944

4410

2702

0358

.83

gw

NE-

2840

5149

0973

6100

110

N 3

W 1

DA

CC

1 U

WT2

-23

Neb

rask

aYo

rk40

.863

611

-97.

6027

7810

2702

0328

.6gw

NE-

2940

5151

0973

5090

110

N 2

W 6

DB

BD

1 O

FPN

-88

Neb

rask

aYo

rk40

.864

167

-97.

5858

3310

2702

0393

.27

gw

NE-

3040

5200

0973

5510

110

N 2

W 6

BC

CB

1 U

WT3

-34

Neb

rask

aYo

rk40

.866

667

-97.

5975

0010

2702

0338

.57

gw

NE-

3140

5205

0973

6170

110

N 3

W 1

BD

A1

FP4

-28

Neb

rask

aYo

rk40

.868

000

-97.

6046

6710

2702

0333

.25

gw

NE-

3240

5207

0973

4550

110

N 2

W 6

AD

BB

1 U

WT4

-85

Neb

rask

aYo

rk40

.868

611

-97.

5819

4410

2702

0393

.5gw

NE-

3340

5212

0971

1000

211

N 2

E26C

CB

B2

FP3

-105

Neb

rask

aSe

war

d40

.890

658

-97.

1773

8310

2702

0210

5gw

NE-

3440

5212

0971

1000

311

N 2

E26C

CB

B3

FP3

-125

Neb

rask

aSe

war

d40

.890

658

-97.

1773

8310

2702

0212

5gw

NE-

3540

5216

0973

6430

110

N 3

W 1

BB

A1

NW

T1-3

9N

ebra

ska

York

40.8

7111

1-9

7.61

1944

1027

0203

43.5

gw

NE-

3640

5224

0973

8220

110

N 3

W 2

CB

BD

1 F

P5-4

5N

ebra

ska

York

40.8

7333

3-9

7.63

9444

1027

0203

50.7

7gw

NE-

3740

5224

0974

1440

111

N 3

W31

DD

CD

1N

ebra

ska

York

40.8

7333

3-9

7.69

5556

1027

0203

98.2

3gw

NE-

3840

5304

0971

0390

111

N 2

E34A

AD

A1

Neb

rask

aSe

war

d40

.884

444

-97.

1775

0010

2702

0210

2.2

gw

NE-

3940

5313

0973

9020

111

N 3

W34

BB

A1

AW

T3-7

3N

ebra

ska

York

40.8

8694

4-9

7.65

0556

1027

0203

78.7

4gw

NE-

4040

5314

0973

7320

111

N 3

W26

DC

C1

AW

T1-8

3N

ebra

ska

York

40.8

8722

2-9

7.62

5556

1027

0203

88.8

6gw

NE-

4140

5330

0971

1000

211

N 2

E23C

CB

B2

FP2

-105

Neb

rask

aSe

war

d40

.904

561

-97.

1771

3310

2702

0110

0gw

NE-

4240

5330

0971

1000

311

N 2

E23C

CB

B3

FP2

-125

Neb

rask

aSe

war

d40

.904

561

-97.

1771

3310

2702

0112

5gw

NE-

4340

5340

0970

9450

111

N 2

E26A

DC

C1

FP1

-90

Neb

rask

aSe

war

d40

.894

572

-97.

1623

6110

2702

0189

gw

NE-

4440

5340

0970

9450

211

N 2

E26A

DC

C2

FP1

-105

Neb

rask

aSe

war

d40

.894

572

-97.

1623

6110

2702

0110

5gw

NE-

4540

5340

0970

9450

311

N 2

E26A

DC

C3

FP1

-123

Neb

rask

aSe

war

d40

.894

572

-97.

1623

6110

2702

0112

0gw

NE-

4640

5353

0975

7260

111

N 6

W25

BA

CC

1N

ebra

ska

Ham

ilton

40.8

9805

6-9

7.95

7222

1027

0201

114.

07gw


ble

1.

Sele

cted

site

s in

the

Unite

d St

ates

sam

pled

for p

erch

lora

te a

naly

sis.

—Co

ntin

ued

[NA

, not

app

licab

le; s

w, su

rfac

e w

ater

; gw,

gro

undw

ater

]

Map

iden

tifi-

catio

n nu

mbe

r (fi

gs.

2–9)

Site

num

ber

Site

nam

eSt

ate

Coun

tyLa

titud

e,

in d

ecim

al

degr

ees

Long

itude

, in

dec

imal

de

gree

s

Hyd

rolo

gic

Uni

t Cod

e

Wel

l de

pth,

in

feet

Site

ty

pe

NE-

4740

5406

0974

0560

111

N 3

W20

DC

C1

AW

T2-7

1N

ebra

ska

York

40.9

0166

7-9

7.68

2222

1027

0203

76.7

7gw

NE-

4840

5420

0971

1400

211

N 2

E22C

BB

B2

FP4

-105

Neb

rask

aSe

war

d40

.908

911

-97.

1961

1710

2702

0110

5gw

NE-

4940

5420

0971

1400

311

N 2

E22C

BB

B3

FP4

-129

Neb

rask

aSe

war

d40

.908

911

-97.

1961

1710

2702

0112

9gw

NE-

5041

0247

0975

3360

112

N 5

W 4

BA

AA

1N

ebra

ska

Ham

ilton

41.0

4638

9-9

7.89

3333

1027

0201

122.

5gw

NE-

5141

0251

1020

2420

1SB

0120

4232

CD

DN

ebra

ska

Kei

th41

.047

556

-102

.044

861

1019

0018

22gw

NE-

5241

0410

0972

2060

113

N 1

W25

DA

AD

1N

ebra

ska

But

ler

41.0

6716

7-9

7.36

8667

1027

0201

116.

47gw

NE-

5341

0520

0973

4450

113

N 2

W20

BB

BC

1N

ebra

ska

Polk

41.0

8888

9-9

7.57

9167

1027

0201

93.5

7gw

NE-

5441

0552

0972

2050

113

N 1

E18B

CC

C1

Neb

rask

aB

utle

r41

.097

778

-97.

3680

5610

2702

0198

.5gw

NE-

5541

0710

0974

5420

113

N 4

W10

BA

AA

1N

ebra

ska

Polk

41.1

1944

4-9

7.76

1667

1027

0201

114.

1gw

NE-

5641

1256

0973

0110

114

N 2

W 2

AD

DA

1N

ebra

ska

Polk

41.2

1555

6-9

7.50

3056

1027

0201

133.

5gw

NE-

5741

1636

0963

7290

1D

uck

Cre

ek n

ear C

olon

, NE

Neb

rask

aSa

unde

rs41

.276

639

-96.

6247

7810

2002

03N

Asw

NE-

5841

3334

0963

2530

118

N 8

W 5

DB

AB

1 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-1A

Neb

rask

aD

odge

41.5

5958

3-9

6.54

8083

1022

0003

79gw

NE-

5941

3334

0963

2530

218

N 8

W 5

DB

AB

2 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-1B

Neb

rask

aD

odge

41.5

5958

3-9

6.54

8083

1022

0003

91gw

NE-

6041

3334

0963

2530

318

N 8

W 5

DB

AB

3 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-1C

Neb

rask

aD

odge

41.5

5958

3-9

6.54

8083

1022

0003

103.

5gw

NE-

6141

3340

0964

0270

118

N 7

E 6B

CC

C1

CN

BR

LUSC

R1

DO

-24

Neb

rask

aD

odge

41.5

6108

3-9

6.67

4250

1022

0003

24.5

gw

NE-

6241

3341

0963

2550

118

N 8

W 5

AC

DC

1 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-2A

Neb

rask

aD

odge

41.5

6138

9-9

6.54

8528

1022

0003

81.1

gw

NE-

6341

3341

0963

2550

218

N 8

W 5

AC

DC

2 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-2B

Neb

rask

aD

odge

41.5

6138

9-9

6.54

8528

1022

0003

94gw

NE-

6441

3341

0963

2550

318

N 8

W 5

AC

DC

3 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-2C

Neb

rask

aD

odge

41.5

6138

9-9

6.54

8528

1022

0003

104.

5gw

NE-

6541

3348

0963

2480

118

N 8

W 5

AC

AC

1 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-3A

Neb

rask

aD

odge

41.5

6325

0-9

6.54

6778

1022

0003

60gw

NE-

6641

3348

0963

2480

218

N 8

W 5

AC

AC

2 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-3B

Neb

rask

aD

odge

41.5

6325

0-9

6.54

6778

1022

0003

71.1

gw

NE-

6741

3348

0963

2480

318

N 8

W 5

AC

AC

3 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-3C

Neb

rask

aD

odge

41.5

6325

0-9

6.54

6778

1022

0003

83gw

NE-

6841

3350

0963

2470

118

N 8

W 5

AB

DD

1 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-4A

Neb

rask

aD

odge

41.5

6395

3-9

6.54

6550

1022

0003

18.2

gw

NE-

6941

3350

0963

2470

218

N 8

W 5

AB

DD

2 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-4B

Neb

rask

aD

odge

41.5

6395

6-9

6.54

6431

1022

0003

28gw

NE-

7041

3350

0963

2470

318

N 8

W 5

AB

DD

3 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-4C

Neb

rask

aD

odge

41.5

6394

4-9

6.54

6528

1022

0003

38gw

NE-

7141

3412

1014

1450

119

N 3

8W33

DD

DA

1N

ebra

ska

Arth

ur41

.569

944

-101

.695

944

1018

0014

232

gw

NE-

7241

3850

0974

2580

119

N 3

W 6

CB

CB

1N

ebra

ska

Plat

te41

.647

222

-97.

7161

1110

2002

0119

3.06

gw

NE-

7341

4343

0965

9580

120

N 4

E 5C

CD

C1

CN

BR

LUSC

R1

CO

-13

Neb

rask

aC

olfa

x41

.728

656

-96.

9996

8310

2200

0325

gw

NE-

7441

4527

0970

9410

121

N 2

E35A

BA

A1

CN

BR

LUSC

R1

S-11

Neb

rask

aSt

anto

n41

.757

581

-97.

1614

6410

2200

0365

gw

NE-

7541

4748

1000

9090

121

N 2

5W13

AB

AA

1N

ebra

ska

Bla

ine

41.7

9688

9-1

00.1

5269

410

2100

0214

0gw

NE-

7642

0326

1022

5320

124

N 4

4W16

DB

DB

1N

ebra

ska

Sher

idan

42.0

5716

7-1

02.4

2544

410

2100

0150

gw

NE-

7742

0458

1012

7020

124

N 3

6W 2

DA

BC

1N

ebra

ska

Gra

nt42

.082

778

-101

.450

583

1021

0001

670

gw

NE-

7842

0515

1013

6390

124

N 3

7W 4

AC

BB

1N

ebra

ska

Gra

nt42

.087

611

-101

.610

889

1021

0001

100

gw

NE-

7942

0821

0993

5110

125

N 2

0W13

AD

AC

1N

ebra

ska

Roc

k42

.139

056

-99.

5862

7810

2100

0811

0gw


ble

1.

Sele

cted

site

s in

the

Unite

d St

ates

sam

pled

for p

erch

lora

te a

naly

sis.

—Co

ntin

ued

[NA

, not

app

licab

le; s

w, su

rfac

e w

ater

; gw,

gro

undw

ater

]

Map

iden

tifi-

catio

n nu

mbe

r (fi

gs. 2

–9)

Site

num

ber

Site

nam

eSt

ate

Coun

tyLa

titud

e,

in d

ecim

al

degr

ees

Long

itude

, in

dec

imal

de

gree

s

Hyd

rolo

gic

Uni

t Cod

e

Wel

l de

pth,

in

feet

Site

ty

pe

NE-

8042

1317

1015

4020

126

N 3

9W19

AD

CB

1N

ebra

ska

Che

rry

42.2

2136

1-1

01.9

0050

010

2100

0190

gw

NE-

8142

2120

1021

7530

127

N 4

3W 2

AA

DB

1N

ebra

ska

Sher

idan

42.3

5563

9-1

02.2

9805

610

1500

0380

gw

NE-

8242

2138

1012

8260

128

N 3

6W36

CB

BB

1N

ebra

ska

Che

rry

42.3

6050

0-1

01.4

7388

910

2100

0680

gw

NE-

8342

2830

1014

1110

129

N 3

7W20

DC

DA

1N

ebra

ska

Che

rry

42.4

7502

8-1

01.6

8647

210

1500

0411

3gw

NE-

8442

4403

1002

5350

132

N 2

7W24

AC

BB

1N

ebra

ska

Che

rry

42.7

3427

8-1

00.4

2658

310

1500

0417

5gw

NE-

8542

5154

1003

4230

133

N 2

8W 1

BB

1N

ebra

ska

Che

rry

42.8

6497

2-1

00.5

7294

410

1500

0418

0gw

NM

-01

0827

6500

Rio

Gra

nde

belo

w T

aos J

unct

ion

Brid

ge n

ear T

aos,

NM

New

Mex

ico

Taos

36.3

2002

3-1

05.7

5445

913

0201

01N

Asw

NM

-02

0831

3000

Rio

Gra

nde

at O

tow

i Brid

ge, N

MN

ew M

exic

oSa

nta

Fe35

.874

444

-106

.141

667

1302

0101

NA

sw

NM

-03

0831

9000

Rio

Gra

nde

at S

an F

elip

e, N

MN

ew M

exic

oSa

ndov

al35

.444

444

-106

.439

444

1302

0201

NA

sw

NM

-04

0833

1000

Rio

Gra

nde

at Is

leta

, NM

New

Mex

ico

Vale

ncia

34.9

2055

6-1

06.6

7888

913

0202

03N

Asw

NM

-05

0935

5500

San

Juan

Riv

er n

ear A

rchu

leta

, NM

New

Mex

ico

San

Juan

36.8

0138

9-1

07.6

9750

014

0801

01N

Asw

NM

-06

0936

4500

Ani

mas

Riv

er a

t Far

min

gton

, NM

New

Mex

ico

San

Juan

36.7

2250

0-1

08.2

0194

414

0801

04N

Asw

NM

-07

0936

5000

San

Juan

Riv

er a

t Far

min

gton

, NM

New

Mex

ico

San

Juan

36.7

2305

6-1

08.2

2583

314

0801

05N

Asw

NM

-08

0936

8000

San

Juan

Riv

er a

t Shi

proc

k, N

MN

ew M

exic

oSa

n Ju

an36

.776

667

-108

.683

056

1408

0105

NA

sw

NV-

0109

4196

783

Las V

egas

Was

h be

low

Fla

min

go W

ash

Con

fluen

ce n

ear

Las V

egas

, NV

Nev

ada

Cla

rk36

.139

695

-115

.047

776

1501

0015

NA

sw

NV-

0210

3090

10Ea

st F

ork

Car

son

Riv

er n

ear D

ress

lerv

ille,

NV

Nev

ada

Dou

glas

38.8

7824

0-1

19.6

8934

116

0502

01N

Asw

NV-

0310

3476

99Tr

ucke

e R

iver

at C

halk

Blu

ff Tr

eatm

ent P

lant

Inta

ke n

ear

Ren

o, N

VN

evad

aW

asho

e39

.510

500

-119

.866

472

1605

0102

NA

sw

NV-

0410

3505

00Tr

ucke

e R

iver

at C

lark

, NV

Nev

ada

Stor

ey39

.565

453

-119

.486

186

1605

0102

NA

sw

OH

-01

0326

7900

Mad

Riv

er a

t St.

Paris

Pik

e at

Eag

le C

ity, O

HO

hio

Cla

rk39

.964

227

-83.

8315

9605

0800

01N

Asw

OH

-02

0418

6500

Aug

laiz

e R

iver

nea

r For

t Jen

ning

s, O

HO

hio

Putn

am40

.948

662

-84.

2660

5904

1000

07N

Asw

OH

-03

3846

4108

3201

001

Mill

Cre

ek a

t Blu

e C

reek

, OH

Ohi

oA

dam

s38

.777

917

-83.

3359

7205

0600

02N

Asw

OH

-04

3857

2808

3032

101

Cam

p C

reek

nea

r Coo

pers

ville

, OH

Ohi

oSc

ioto

38.9

5763

9-8

3.05

5972

0506

0002

NA

sw

OH

-05

3920

1908

2510

401

Littl

e W

alnu

t Cre

ek n

ear M

oore

svill

e, O

HO

hio

Ros

s39

.338

611

-82.

8512

5005

0600

02N

Asw

OH

-06

3921

5708

4465

401

Dry

For

k W

hite

wat

er R

iver

nea

r Oke

ana,

OH

Ohi

oB

utle

r39

.365

833

-84.

7818

0605

0800

03N

Asw

OH

-07

3957

0108

2030

601

Tim

ber R

un n

ear Z

anes

ville

, OH

Ohi

oM

uski

ngum

39.9

5027

8-8

2.05

1806

0504

0006

NA

sw

OH

-08

4002

0308

3155

801

Yutz

y D

itch

near

Pla

in C

ity, O

HO

hio

Mad

ison

40.0

3416

7-8

3.26

6111

0506

0001

NA

sw

OH

-09

4004

2808

2353

501

Moo

ts R

un n

ear G

ranv

ille,

OH

Ohi

oLi

ckin

g40

.074

444

-82.

5930

5605

0400

06N

Asw

OH

-10

4026

1408

2172

501

East

Bra

nch

Jello

way

Cre

ek n

ear D

anvi

lle, O

HO

hio

Kno

x40

.437

222

-82.

2902

7805

0400

03N

Asw

OH

-11

4037

0008

4065

301

Bla

ckho

of C

reek

nea

r Wap

akon

eta,

OH

Ohi

oA

ugla

ize

40.6

1652

8-8

4.11

4861

0410

0007

NA

sw

OH

-12

4052

5108

2164

801

Jero

me

Fork

nea

r Ash

land

, OH

Ohi

oA

dam

s40

.880

972

-82.

2800

0005

0400

02N

Asw

OH

-13

4119

5608

4055

401

Scho

ol C

reek

nea

r Nap

oleo

n, O

HO

hio

Hen

ry41

.332

222

-84.

0983

3304

1000

09N

Asw

OH

-14

4122

0708

3345

601

Nor

th B

ranc

h of

Por

tage

Riv

er n

ear B

owlin

g G

reen

, OH

Ohi

oW

ood

41.3

6847

2-8

3.58

2361

0410

0010

NA

sw


ble

1.

Sele

cted

site

s in

the

Unite

d St

ates

sam

pled

for p

erch

lora

te a

naly

sis.

—Co

ntin

ued

[NA

, not

app

licab

le; s

w, su

rfac

e w

ater

; gw,

gro

undw

ater

]

Map

iden

tifi-

catio

n nu

mbe

r (fi

gs. 2

–9)

Site

num

ber

Site

nam

eSt

ate

Coun

tyLa

titud

e,

in d

ecim

al

degr

ees

Long

itude

, in

dec

imal

de

gree

s

Hyd

rolo

gic

Uni

t Cod

e

Wel

l de

pth,

in

feet

Site

ty

pe

SD-0

143

1559

0963

5010

0Li

ttle

Bea

ver C

reek

nea

r Can

ton,

SD

Sout

h D

akot

aLi

ncol

n43

.266

389

-96.

5836

1110

1702

03N

Asw

SD-0

243

2947

0970

9480

0U

nnam

ed T

ribut

ary

to E

ast F

ork

Verm

illio

n R

iver

nea

r M

onro

e, S

DSo

uth

Dak

ota

Turn

er43

.496

389

-97.

1633

3310

1701

02N

Asw

SD-0

345

1003

0963

9060

0U

nnam

ed T

ribut

ary

to N

orth

For

k Ye

llow

bank

Riv

er n

ear

Milb

ank,

SD

Sout

h D

akot

aG

rnat

45.1

6750

0-9

6.65

1667

0702

0001

NA

sw

TX-0

108

1788

00Sa

lado

Cre

ek a

t Loo

p 13

at S

an A

nton

io, T

XTe

xas

Bex

ar29

.357

180

-98.

4127

9312

1003

01N

Asw

TX-0

208

1818

00Sa

n A

nton

io R

iver

nea

r Elm

endo

rf, T

XTe

xas

Bex

ar29

.222

185

-98.

3558

4612

1003

01N

Asw

TX-0

308

3640

00R

io G

rand

e at

El P

aso,

TX

Texa

sEl

Pas

o31

.802

885

-106

.540

822

1303

0102

NA

sw

WI-

0104

0706

21So

uth

Bra

nch

Oco

nto

Riv

er n

ear M

arkt

on, W

IW

isco

nsin

Oco

nto

45.1

4608

6-8

8.59

7606

0403

0104

NA

sw

WI-

0204

0720

50D

uck

Cre

ek a

t Sem

inar

y R

oad

near

One

ida,

WI

Wis

cons

inO

utag

amie

44.4

6582

2-8

8.21

8992

0403

0103

NA

sw

WI-

0304

0747

30H

untin

g R

iver

on

Cou

nty

Hig

hway

T n

ear S

umm

it La

ke,

WI

Wis

cons

inLa

ngla

de45

.373

853

-89.

0867

8104

0302

02N

Asw

WI-

0404

0780

05Tr

ibut

ary

to W

olf R

iver

nea

r Sha

wan

o, W

IW

isco

nsin

Shaw

ano

44.7

2937

5-8

8.55

5658

0403

0202

NA

sw

WI-

0504

0863

315

Ston

ey C

reek

at B

olto

nvill

e, W

IW

isco

nsin

Was

hing

ton

43.5

1794

2-8

8.08

8399

0404

0003

NA

sw

WI-

0605

3418

65Pa

rker

Cre

ek n

ear R

iver

Fal

ls, W

IW

isco

nsin

St. C

roix

44.9

2024

5-9

2.52

9917

0703

0005

NA

sw

WI-

0705

3659

62B

lack

Cre

ek n

ear F

airc

hild

, WI

Wis

cons

inC

lark

44.6

2301

7-9

0.92

1538

0705

0006

NA

sw

WI-

0805

3670

64C

ranb

erry

Cre

ek a

t Mer

idea

n, W

IW

isco

nsin

Dun

n44

.734

129

-91.

7993

3607

0500

05N

Asw

WI-

0905

3678

03Si

lver

Cre

ek n

ear A

rland

, WI

Wis

cons

inB

arro

n45

.287

850

-92.

0440

9707

0500

07N

Asw

WI-

1005

3814

41So

per C

reek

at C

atar

act,

WI

Wis

cons

inM

onro

e44

.081

353

-90.

8406

9207

0400

07N

Asw

WI-

1105

3824

15Li

ttle

La C

ross

e R

iver

nea

r Mel

vina

, WI

Wis

cons

inM

onro

e43

.827

024

-90.

7612

4407

0400

06N

Asw

WI-

1205

4041

139

Wes

t Bra

nch

Bar

aboo

Riv

er a

t Hill

sbor

o, W

IW

isco

nsin

Vern

on43

.651

446

-90.

3573

5107

0700

04N

Asw

WI-

1305

4067

125

Haw

kins

Cre

ek a

t Roc

kbrid

ge, W

IW

isco

nsin

Ric

hlan

d43

.461

368

-90.

3551

2807

0700

05N

Asw

WI-

1405

4072

17C

rook

ed C

reek

at B

osco

bel,

WI

Wis

cons

inG

rant

43.1

2248

4-9

0.71

6516

0707

0005

NA

sw

WI-

1505

4128

80R

oger

s Bra

nch

near

Lan

cast

er, W

IW

isco

nsin

Gra

nt42

.889

156

-90.

7142

9307

0600

03N

Asw

WI-

1605

4141

33Li

ttle

Plat

te R

iver

nea

r Arth

ur, W

IW

isco

nsin

Gra

nt42

.781

659

-90.

4792

9507

0600

03N

Asw

WI-

1705

4149

24G

alen

a R

iver

at J

enki

nsvi

lle, W

IW

isco

nsin

Lafa

yette

42.6

3083

3-9

0.35

9017

0706

0005

NA

sw

WI-

1805

4363

61Li

ttle

Suga

r Riv

er W

est B

ranc

h at

Mon

ticel

lo, W

IW

isco

nsin

Gre

ene

42.7

4639

4-8

9.58

5399

0709

0004

NA

sw

WY-

0106

2797

95C

row

Cre

ek a

t Mou

th a

t Pah

aska

, WY

Wyo

min

gPa

rk44

.513

278

-109

.973

519

1008

0012

NA

sw

WY-

0206

2999

80To

ngue

Riv

er a

t Mon

arch

, WY

Wyo

min

gSh

erid

an44

.900

249

-107

.020

905

1009

0101

NA

sw

WY-

0306

3057

00G

oose

Cre

ek n

ear A

cme,

WY

Wyo

min

gSh

erid

an44

.886

361

-106

.988

959

1009

0101

NA

sw

WY-

0406

3062

50Pr

airie

Dog

Cre

ek n

ear A

cme,

WY

Wyo

min

gSh

erid

an44

.983

863

-106

.839

789

1009

0101

NA

sw


ble

3.

Qual

ity-a

ssur

ranc

e-qu

ality

-con

trol s

ampl

es (r

eplic

ates

) for

per

chlo

rate

reco

nnai

ssan

ce s

tudy

in s

elec

ted

area

s of

the

Unite

d St

ates

.[<

, les

s tha

n]

Map

iden

tifica

tion

num

ber (

figs.

2–9

)Si

te n

umbe

rSi

te n

ame

Sam

ple

type

Sam

ple

date

(mom

th/d

ay/

year

)

Sam

ple

time

(24

hour

)Pe

rchl

orat

e co

ncen

-tr

atio

n (μ

g/L

)

CA

-03

1107

4000

Sant

a Ana

Riv

er b

elow

Pra

do D

am, C

Aam

bien

t08

/12/

2004

1550

0.8

7

CA

-03

1107

4000

Sant

a Ana

Riv

er b

elow

Pra

do D

am, C

Are

plic

ate

08/1

2/20

0415

51<

.4

CA

-04

3239

2511

7044

001

017S

002W

27P0

02S

ambi

ent

07/1

2/20

0410

38<

.4

CA

-04

3239

2511

7044

001

017S

002W

27P0

02S

repl

icat

e07

/12/

2004

1150

< .4

CA

-08

3314

4311

7181

201

011S

004W

04K

005S

ambi

ent

07/1

4/20

0413

40<

.4

CA

-08

3314

4311

7181

201

011S

004W

04K

005S

repl

icat

e07

/14/

2004

1340

< .4

CA

-09

3316

5911

6394

701

010S

003E

27D

002S

ambi

ent

07/1

3/20

0409

20 .4

4

CA

-09

3316

5911

6394

701

010S

003E

27D

002S

repl

icat

e07

/13/

2004

0921

< .4

CA

-10

3317

0711

7223

601

010S

005W

26C

003S

ambi

ent

07/1

5/20

0410

40 .8

2

CA

-10

3317

0711

7223

601

010S

005W

26C

003S

repl

icat

e07

/15/

2004

1040

< .4

CA

-11

3320

2411

6535

701

010S

001E

05B

001S

ambi

ent

07/1

9/20

0414

10<

.4

CA

-11

3320

2411

6535

701

010S

001E

05B

001S

repl

icat

e07

/19/

2004

1410

.81

IL-1

005

5750

30W

illow

Cre

ek n

ear M

orris

onvi

lle, I

Lam

bien

t10

/20/

2004

1400

< .4

IL-1

005

5750

30W

illow

Cre

ek n

ear M

orris

onvi

lle, I

Lre

plic

ate

10/2

0/20

0414

01<

.4

IN-0

839

4102

0855

3310

1Li

ttle

Suga

r Cre

ek n

ear N

ew P

ales

tine,

INam

bien

t09

/24/

2004

0845

.41

IN-0

839

4102

0855

3310

1Li

ttle

Suga

r Cre

ek n

ear N

ew P

ales

tine,

INre

plic

ate

09/2

4/20

0408

55<

.4

IN-1

140

1722

0845

1320

1M

issi

ssin

ewa

Riv

er n

ear U

nion

City

, IN

ambi

ent

09/2

0/20

0411

00<

.4

IN-1

140

1722

0845

1320

1M

issi

ssin

ewa

Riv

er n

ear U

nion

City

, IN

repl

icat

e09

/20/

2004

1210

< .4

IN-1

541

4241

0860

3010

1C

obus

Cre

ek n

ear E

lkha

rt, IN

ambi

ent

10/2

1/20

0412

15<

.4

IN-1

541

4241

0860

3010

1C

obus

Cre

ek n

ear E

lkha

rt, IN

repl

icat

e10

/21/

2004

1245

< .4

MI-

0404

1160

23B

ella

my

Cre

ek n

ear I

onia

, MI

ambi

ent

09/1

4/20

0410

45<

.4

MI-

0404

1160

23B

ella

my

Cre

ek n

ear I

onia

, MI

repl

icat

e09

/14/

2004

1330

< .4

MN

-12

0537

7550

Dee

ring

Valle

y C

reek

nea

r Whi

tman

, MN

ambi

ent

08/1

4/20

0414

00<

.4

MN

-12

0537

7550

Dee

ring

Valle

y C

reek

nea

r Whi

tman

, MN

repl

icat

e08

/14/

2004

1406

< .4

MN

-13

0538

4110

Dus

chee

Cre

ek a

bove

Lan

esbo

ro, M

Nam

bien

t09

/02/

2004

1300

< .4

MN

-13

0538

4110

Dus

chee

Cre

ek a

bove

Lan

esbo

ro, M

Nre

plic

ate

09/0

2/20

0413

02<

.4

MO

-01

0549

5850

Wya

cond

a R

iver

nea

r Lur

ay, M

Oam

bien

t08

/16/

2004

1400

< .4

MO

-01

0549

5850

Wya

cond

a R

iver

nea

r Lur

ay, M

Ore

plic

ate

08/1

6/20

0414

01<

.4

NV-

0109

4196

783

Las V

egas

Was

h be

low

Fla

min

go W

ash

Con

fluen

ce n

ear L

as V

egas

, NV

ambi

ent

08/1

7/20

0410

30 6

.23

NV-

0109

4196

783

Las V

egas

Was

h be

low

Fla

min

go W

ash

Con

fluen

ce n

ear L

as V

egas

, NV

repl

icat

e08

/17/

2004

1040

2.7

OH

-14

4122

0708

3345

601

Nor

th B

ranc

h of

Por

tage

Riv

er n

ear B

owlin

g G

reen

, OH

ambi

ent

10/0

7/20

0408

40<

.4

OH

-14

4122

0708

3345

601

Nor

th B

ranc

h of

Por

tage

Riv

er n

ear B

owlin

g G

reen

, OH

repl

icat

e10

/07/

2004

0841

< .4

WI-

1605

4141

33Li

ttle

Plat

te R

iver

nea

r Arth

ur, W

Iam

bien

t09

/08/

2004

0710

.96

WI-

1605

4141

33Li

ttle

Plat

te R

iver

nea

r Arth

ur, W

Ire

plic

ate

09/0

8/20

0407

20<

.4


ble

4.

Perc

hlor

ate

conc

entra

tions

at s

elec

ted

surfa

ce-w

ater

and

gro

undw

ater

site

s in

the

Unite

d St

ates

.[U

SGS,

U.S

. Geo

logi

cal S

urve

y; μ

g/L,

mic

rogr

ams p

er L

iter;

sw, s

urfa

ce w

ater

; gw,

gro

undw

ater

; NAW

QA

, Nat

iona

l Wat

er Q

ualit

y A

sses

smen

t pro

gram

; CO

OP,

Fed

eral

/Sta

te c

oope

rativ

e pr

ojec

t; EP

ALI

PS,

Land

scap

e In

dica

tors

pro

ject

; SW

TREN

D, S

urfa

ce W

ater

Tre

nds n

etw

ork;

AZD

EQ, A

rizon

a D

epar

tmen

t of E

nviro

nmen

tal Q

ualit

y; G

AM

A, C

alifo

rnia

Gro

undw

ater

Am

bien

t Mon

itorin

g an

d A

sses

smen

t; R

IOG

, Rio

Gra

nde

Valle

y; U

CO

L, U

pper

Col

orad

o R

iver

Bas

in; S

PLT,

Sou

th P

latte

Riv

er B

asin

; IA

GW

M, I

owa

Gro

undw

ater

Mon

itorin

g N

etw

ork;

HPG

W, H

igh

Plai

ns R

egio

nal G

roun

d W

ater

Stu

dy;

TAN

C, T

rans

port

of A

nthr

opog

enic

and

Nat

ural

Con

tam

inan

ts S

tudy

; SEW

AR

D, C

ity o

f Sew

ard,

Neb

rask

a.; A

CT,

Agr

icul

tura

l Che

mic

al T

rans

port

stud

y; C

NB

R, C

entra

l Neb

rask

a B

asin

s; T

RIV

ER, T

ongu

e R

iver

Sur

face

-Wat

er-Q

ualit

y M

onito

ring

Net

wor

k; <

, les

s tha

n]

Map

iden

tifi-

catio

n nu

mbe

r (fi

gs. 2

–9)

Site

num

ber

Site

nam

eSi

te ty

peSa

mpl

e ty

peU

SGS

Pro-

gram

USG

S Pr

ojec

t

Sam

ple

date

(m

onth

/day

/ye

ars)

Sam

ple

time

(24

hour

)

Perc

hlor

ate

conc

entr

a-tio

n (μ

g/L)

AR

-01

0705

3250

Yocu

m C

reek

nea

r Oak

Gro

ve, A

Rsw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

07/0

7/20

0415

00 0

.68

AR

-02

0705

5646

Buf

falo

Riv

er n

ear B

oxle

y, A

Rsw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

07/0

7/20

0412

00<

.4

AR

-03

0706

0710

Nor

th S

ylam

ore

Cre

ek n

ear F

ifty

Six,

AR

swam

bien

tN

AWQ

ASW

TREN

D07

/08/

2004

0800

< .4

AR

-04

3546

3509

0365

601

13N

04E1

2AB

B1

gwam

bien

tC

OO

P09

/01/

2004

0830

.92

AZ-

0109

3800

00C

olor

ado

Riv

er a

t Lee

s Fer

ry, A

Zsw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

09/0

7/20

0414

20<

.4

AZ-

0209

4485

00G

ila R

iver

at H

ead

of S

affo

rd V

alle

y ne

ar S

olom

on,

AZ

swam

bien

tC

OO

PA

ZDEQ

08/1

1/20

0411

15<

.4

AZ-

0309

4665

00G

ila R

iver

at C

alva

, AZ

swam

bien

tC

OO

PA

ZDEQ

08/1

2/20

0411

05<

.4

AZ-

0409

4710

00Sa

n Pe

dro

Riv

er a

t Cha

rlest

on, A

Zsw

ambi

ent

CO

OP

AZD

EQ08

/19/

2004

1325

< .4

AZ-

0509

4740

00G

ila R

iver

at K

elvi

n, A

Zsw

ambi

ent

CO

OP

AZD

EQ08

/10/

2004

1055

.6

AZ-

0609

4985

00Sa

lt R

iver

nea

r Roo

seve

lt, A

Zsw

ambi

ent

CO

OP

AZD

EQ08

/31/

2004

1115

< .4

AZ-

0709

5020

00Sa

lt R

iver

bel

ow S

tew

art M

ount

ain

Dam

, AZ

swam

bien

tC

OO

PA

ZDEQ

09/0

2/20

0410

30<

.4

AZ-

0809

5040

00Ve

rde

Riv

er n

ear C

lark

dale

, AZ

swam

bien

tC

OO

PA

ZDEQ

09/0

9/20

0407

55<

.4

AZ-

0909

5079

80Ea

st V

erde

Riv

er n

ear C

hild

s, A

Zsw

ambi

ent

CO

OP

AZD

EQ08

/27/

2004

1320

< .4

AZ-

1009

5085

00Ve

rde

Riv

er b

elow

Tan

gle

Cre

ek a

bove

Hor

sesh

oe

Dam

, AZ

swam

bien

tC

OO

PA

ZDEQ

08/1

3/20

0410

00<

.4

AZ-

1109

5100

00Ve

rde

Riv

er b

elow

Bar

tlett

Dam

, AZ

swam

bien

tC

OO

PA

ZDEQ

08/1

8/20

0410

30<

.4

CA

-01

1104

9400

Sant

a Ana

Riv

er a

bove

Sev

en O

aks D

am, C

Asw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

08/1

3/20

0413

20<

.4

CA

-02

1106

0400

War

m C

reek

nea

r San

Ber

nard

ino,

CA

swam

bien

tN

AWQ

ASW

TREN

D08

/13/

2004

0930

.71

CA

-03

1107

4000

Sant

a Ana

Riv

er b

elow

Pra

do D

am, C

Asw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

08/1

2/20

0415

50 .8

7

CA

-03

1107

4000

Sant

a Ana

Riv

er b

elow

Pra

do D

am, C

Asw

repl

icat

eN

AWQ

ASW

TREN

D08

/12/

2004

1551

< .4

CA

-04

3239

2511

7044

001

017S

002W

27P0

02S

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PG

AM

A07

/12/

2004

1038

< .4

CA

-04

3239

2511

7044

001

017S

002W

27P0

02S

gwre

plic

ate

CO

OP

GA

MA

07/1

2/20

0411

50<

.4

CA

-05

3248

4011

6584

401

016S

001W

03E0

01S

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PG

AM

A07

/12/

2004

1.9

3

CA

-06

3251

5711

6551

401

015S

001E

18L0

05S

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PG

AM

A07

/15/

2004

1030

< .4

CA

-07

3304

4711

7065

301

013S

002W

05D

001S

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PG

AM

A07

/20/

2004

1100

.45

CA

-08

3314

4311

7181

201

011S

004W

04K

005S

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PG

AM

A07

/14/

2004

1340

< .4

CA

-08

3314

4311

7181

201

011S

004W

04K

005S

gwre

plic

ate

CO

OP

GA

MA

07/1

4/20

0413

40<

.4

CA

-09

3316

5911

6394

701

010S

003E

27D

002S

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PG

AM

A07

/13/

2004

0920

.44

CA

-09

3316

5911

6394

701

010S

003E

27D

002S

gwre

plic

ate

CO

OP

GA

MA

07/1

3/20

0409

21<

.4

CA

-10

3317

0711

7223

601

010S

005W

26C

003S

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PG

AM

A07

/15/

2004

1040

.82


ble

4.

Perc

hlor

ate

conc

entra

tions

at s

elec

ted

surfa

ce-w

ater

and

gro

undw

ater

site

s in

the

Unite

d St

ates

.—Co

ntin

ued

[USG

S, U

.S. G

eolo

gica

l Sur

vey;

μg/

L, m

icro

gram

s per

Lite

r; sw

, sur

face

wat

er; g

w, g

roun

dwat

er; N

AWQ

A, N

atio

nal W

ater

Qua

lity

Ass

essm

ent p

rogr

am; C

OO

P, F

eder

al/S

tate

coo

pera

tive

proj

ect;

EPA

LIPS

, La

ndsc

ape

Indi

cato

rs p

roje

ct; S

WTR

END

, Sur

face

Wat

er T

rend

s net

wor

k; A

ZDEQ

, Ariz

ona

Dep

artm

ent o

f Env

ironm

enta

l Qua

lity;

GA

MA

, Cal

iforn

ia G

roun

dwat

er A

mbi

ent M

onito

ring

and

Ass

essm

ent;

RIO

G, R

io G

rand

e Va

lley;

UC

OL,

Upp

er C

olor

ado

Riv

er B

asin

; SPL

T, S

outh

Pla

tte R

iver

Bas

in; I

AG

WM

, Iow

a G

roun

dwat

er M

onito

ring

Net

wor

k; H

PGW

, Hig

h Pl

ains

Reg

iona

l Gro

und

Wat

er S

tudy

; TA

NC

, Tr

ansp

ort o

f Ant

hrop

ogen

ic a

nd N

atur

al C

onta

min

ants

Stu

dy; S

EWA

RD

, City

of S

ewar

d, N

ebra

ska.

; AC

T, A

gric

ultu

ral C

hem

ical

Tra

nspo

rt st

udy;

CN

BR

, Cen

tral N

ebra

ska

Bas

ins;

TR

IVER

, Ton

gue

Riv

er

Surf

ace-

Wat

er-Q

ualit

y M

onito

ring

Net

wor

k; <

, les

s tha

n]

Map

iden

tifi-

catio

n nu

mbe

r (fi

gs. 2

–9)

Site

num

ber

Site

nam

eSi

te ty

peSa

mpl

e ty

peU

SGS

Pro-

gram

USG

S Pr

ojec

t

Sam

ple

date

(m

onth

/day

/ye

ar)

Sam

ple

time

(24

hour

)

Perc

hlor

ate

conc

entr

a-tio

n (μ

g/L)

CA

-10

3317

0711

7223

601

010S

005W

26C

003S

gwre

plic

ate

CO

OP

GA

MA

07/1

5/20

0410

40<

0.4

CA

-11

3320

2411

6535

701

010S

001E

05B

001S

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PG

AM

A07

/19/

2004

1410

< .4

CA

-11

3320

2411

6535

701

010S

001E

05B

001S

gwre

plic

ate

CO

OP

GA

MA

07/1

9/20

0414

10 .8

1

CO

-01

0671

3500

Che

rry

Cre

ek a

t Den

ver,

CO

swam

bien

tN

AWQ

ASW

TREN

D06

/10/

2004

1000

.63

CO

-02

0675

3990

Lone

tree

Cre

ek n

ear G

reel

ey, C

Osw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

06/0

8/20

0409

30<

.4

CO

-03

0675

4000

Sout

h Pl

atte

Riv

er n

ear K

erse

y, C

Osw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

06/0

8/20

0412

30<

.4

CO

-04

0710

3707

Foun

tain

Cre

ek b

elow

8th

Stre

et a

t Col

orad

o Sp

rings

, C

Osw

ambi

ent

CO

OP

07/2

0/20

0413

45<

.4

CO

-05

0710

6000

Foun

tain

Cre

ek n

ear F

ount

ain,

CO

swam

bien

tC

OO

P07

/21/

2004

1745

< .4

CO

-06

0710

6300

Foun

tain

Cre

ek n

ear P

inon

, CO

swam

bien

tC

OO

P07

/22/

2004

1110

< .4

CO

-07

0710

6500

Foun

tain

Cre

ek a

t Pue

blo,

CO

swam

bien

tC

OO

P07

/22/

2004

1445

< .4

CO

-08

0909

5300

Dry

For

k at

Upp

er S

tatio

n ne

ar D

e B

eque

, CO

swam

bien

tN

AWQ

ASW

TREN

D06

/02/

2004

1200

< .4

CO

-08

0909

5300

Dry

For

k at

Upp

er S

tatio

n ne

ar D

e B

eque

, CO

swam

bien

tN

AWQ

ASW

TREN

D07

/29/

2004

1135

< .4

CO

-08

0909

5300

Dry

For

k at

Upp

er S

tatio

n ne

ar D

e B

eque

, CO

swam

bien

tN

AWQ

ASW

TREN

D09

/07/

2004

1045

< .4

CO

-09

0916

3500

Col

orad

o R

iver

nea

r Col

orad

o-U

tah

Stat

e Li

nesw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

05/2

6/20

04<

.4

CO

-09

0916

3500

Col

orad

o R

iver

nea

r Col

orad

o-U

tah

Stat

e Li

nesw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

06/2

5/20

0408

05<

.4

CO

-09

0916

3500

Col

orad

o R

iver

nea

r Col

orad

o-U

tah

Stat

e Li

nesw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

07/2

8/20

04<

.4

CO

-09

0916

3500

Col

orad

o R

iver

nea

r Col

orad

o-U

tah

Stat

e Li

nesw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

08/2

6/20

0416

40<

.4

CO

-09

0916

3500

Col

orad

o R

iver

nea

r Col

orad

o-U

tah

Stat

e Li

nesw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

11/0

4/20

0409

30<

.4

CO

-10

0937

1010

San

Juan

Riv

er a

t Fou

r Cor

ners

, CO

swam

bien

tN

AWQ

ASW

TREN

D06

/30/

2004

0900

< .4

CO

-11

3709

3610

6010

501

NA

0340

0929

CB

Bgw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

RIO

G08

/18/

2004

1415

< .4

CO

-12

3733

2310

6025

001

NA

0380

0812

AC

Agw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

RIO

G08

/19/

2004

1100

1.1

CO

-13

3738

4910

6124

501

NA

0390

0709

AB

Bgw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

RIO

G08

/18/

2004

0840

< .4

CO

-13

3738

4910

6124

501

NA

0390

0709

AB

Bgw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

RIO

G08

/18/

2004

0840

< .4

CO

-13

3738

4910

6124

501

NA

0390

0709

AB

Bgw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

RIO

G08

/18/

2004

0840

< .4

CO

-14

3750

5410

6013

401

NA

0420

0931

BA

Dgw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

RIO

G08

/17/

2004

0940

< .4

CO

-15

3832

3210

6554

700

NB

0490

0101

BC

Bgw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

UC

OL

05/1

7/20

0416

45<

.4

CO

-16

3852

1310

6584

700

SC01

4086

02B

CC

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AU

CO

L05

/18/

2004

1135

< .4

CO

-17

3922

1010

4482

901

SC00

8066

08B

CD

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

ASP

LT07

/20/

2004

1400

3.3

2

CO

-18

3930

0310

4450

001

SC00

6066

26B

DD

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

ASP

LT07

/20/

2004

1100

< .4


ble

4.

Perc

hlor

ate

conc

entra

tions

at s

elec

ted

surfa

ce-w

ater

and

gro

undw

ater

site

s in

the

Unite

d St

ates

.—Co

ntin

ued

[USG

S, U

.S. G

eolo

gica

l Sur

vey;

μg/

L, m

icro

gram

s per

Lite

r; sw

, sur

face

wat

er; g

w, g

roun

dwat

er; N

AWQ

A, N

atio

nal W

ater

Qua

lity

Ass

essm

ent p

rogr

am; C

OO

P, F

eder

al/S

tate

coo

pera

tive

proj

ect;

EPA

LIPS

, La

ndsc

ape

Indi

cato

rs p

roje

ct; S

WTR

END

, Sur

face

Wat

er T

rend

s net

wor

k; A

ZDEQ

, Ariz

ona

Dep

artm

ent o

f Env

ironm

enta

l Qua

lity;

GA

MA

, Cal

iforn

ia G

roun

dwat

er A

mbi

ent M

onito

ring

and

Ass

essm

ent;

RIO

G, R

io G

rand

e Va

lley;

UC

OL,

Upp

er C

olor

ado

Riv

er B

asin

; SPL

T, S

outh

Pla

tte R

iver

Bas

in; I

AG

WM

, Iow

a G

roun

dwat

er M

onito

ring

Net

wor

k; H

PGW

, Hig

h Pl

ains

Reg

iona

l Gro

und

Wat

er S

tudy

; TA

NC

, Tr

ansp

ort o

f Ant

hrop

ogen

ic a

nd N

atur

al C

onta

min

ants

Stu

dy; S

EWA

RD

, City

of S

ewar

d, N

ebra

ska.

; AC

T, A

gric

ultu

ral C

hem

ical

Tra

nspo

rt st

udy;

CN

BR

, Cen

tral N

ebra

ska

Bas

ins;

TR

IVER

, Ton

gue

Riv

er

Surf

ace-

Wat

er-Q

ualit

y M

onito

ring

Net

wor

k; <

, les

s tha

n]

Map

iden

tifi-

catio

n nu

mbe

r (fi

gs. 2

–9)

Site

num

ber

Site

nam

eSi

te ty

peSa

mpl

e ty

peU

SGS

Pro-

gram

USG

S Pr

ojec

t

Sam

ple

date

(m

onth

/day

/ye

ar)

Sam

ple

time

(24

hour

)

Perc

hlor

ate

conc

entr

a-tio

n (μ

g/L)

CO

-19

3934

0810

4544

001

SC00

5067

32D

CA

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

ASP

LT07

/21/

2004

1050

< 0.

4

CO

-20

3934

3110

6070

801

SC00

5078

34B

CB

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AU

CO

L09

/08/

2004

1215

< .4

CO

-21

3937

4210

4453

801

SC00

5066

10D

BD

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

ASP

LT07

/19/

2004

1020

4.1

9

CO

-22

3937

5810

6041

401

SC00

5078

12A

CB

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AU

CO

L09

/07/

2004

1240

< .4

CO

-23

3938

3010

6210

600

SC00

5080

09A

AC

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AU

CO

L05

/19/

2004

1330

< .4

CO

-24

3938

4610

4465

601

SC00

5066

04B

DD

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

ASP

LT07

/19/

2004

1350

1.8

3

CO

-25

3959

2910

5510

300

SC00

1076

02D

AC

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AU

CO

L05

/20/

2004

1130

< .4

CO

-26

4015

4410

3443

101

SB00

3057

03B

BA

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

ASP

LT07

/14/

2004

0920

< .4

CO

-27

4021

0410

4404

501

SB00

5065

32D

DB

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

ASP

LT07

/15/

2004

0920

< .4

CO

-28

4021

1410

5350

101

Big

Tho

mps

on b

elow

Mor

aine

Par

k ne

ar E

stes

Par

k,

CO

swam

bien

tN

AWQ

ASW

TREN

D07

/07/

2004

1100

< .4

CO

-29

4022

1310

4015

501

SB00

5059

30C

BA

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

ASP

LT07

/14/

2004

.64

CO

-30

4051

5910

2444

201

SB01

0048

05C

CC

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

ASP

LT07

/13/

2004

1520

< .4

IA-0

105

3873

13U

nkno

wn

Trib

utar

y to

Bea

ver C

reek

nea

r Lim

e Sp

rings

, IA

swbl

ank

EPA

LIPS

10/2

6/20

0413

20<

.4

IA-0

105

3873

13U

nkno

wn

Trib

utar

y to

Bea

ver C

reek

nea

r Lim

e Sp

rings

, IA

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/26/

2004

1340

.62

IA-0

205

3883

25Si

lver

Cre

ek n

ear H

anov

er, I

Asw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

11/1

6/20

0414

00<

.4

IA-0

305

4115

95B

ohem

ian

Cre

ek n

ear P

rotiv

in, I

Asw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

11/1

6/20

0411

15<

.4

IA-0

405

4180

80N

orth

For

k M

aquo

keta

Riv

er a

t NE

Dye

rsvi

lle, I

Asw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

0838

< .4

IA-0

505

4206

80W

apsi

pini

con

Riv

er n

ear T

ripol

i, IA

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS/

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

08/0

3/20

0410

25<

.4

IA-0

605

4208

58U

nnam

ed C

reek

nea

r Fai

rban

k, IA

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/21/

2004

0915

< .4

IA-0

705

4489

10U

nkno

wn

Trib

utar

y to

Eas

t Bra

nch

Iow

a R

iver

at

Gar

ner,

IAsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

10/2

0/20

0412

55 .4

IA-0

805

4495

00Io

wa

Riv

er n

ear R

owan

, IA

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS/

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

08/0

2/20

0415

20<

.4

IA-0

905

4495

80D

itch

No.

5 n

ear G

alt,

IAsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

10/2

0/20

0415

00 1

.12

IA-1

005

4512

10So

uth

Fork

Iow

a R

iver

Nor

thea

st o

f New

Pro

vide

nce,

IA

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS/

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

08/0

2/20

0410

45<

.4

IA-1

105

4514

25So

uth

Min

erva

Cre

ek a

t Cle

mon

s, IA

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/25/

2004

1005

< .4


ble

4.

Perc

hlor

ate

conc

entra

tions

at s

elec

ted

surfa

ce-w

ater

and

gro

undw

ater

site

s in

the

Unite

d St

ates

.—Co

ntin

ued

[USG

S, U

.S. G

eolo

gica

l Sur

vey;

μg/

L, m

icro

gram

s per

Lite

r; sw

, sur

face

wat

er; g

w, g

roun

dwat

er; N

AWQ

A, N

atio

nal W

ater

Qua

lity

Ass

essm

ent p

rogr

am; C

OO

P, F

eder

al/S

tate

coo

pera

tive

proj

ect;

EPA

LIPS

, La

ndsc

ape

Indi

cato

rs p

roje

ct; S

WTR

END

, Sur

face

Wat

er T

rend

s net

wor

k; A

ZDEQ

, Ariz

ona

Dep

artm

ent o

f Env

ironm

enta

l Qua

lity;

GA

MA

, Cal

iforn

ia G

roun

dwat

er A

mbi

ent M

onito

ring

and

Ass

essm

ent;

RIO

G, R

io G

rand

e Va

lley;

UC

OL,

Upp

er C

olor

ado

Riv

er B

asin

; SPL

T, S

outh

Pla

tte R

iver

Bas

in; I

AG

WM

, Iow

a G

roun

dwat

er M

onito

ring

Net

wor

k; H

PGW

, Hig

h Pl

ains

Reg

iona

l Gro

und

Wat

er S

tudy

; TA

NC

, Tr

ansp

ort o

f Ant

hrop

ogen

ic a

nd N

atur

al C

onta

min

ants

Stu

dy; S

EWA

RD

, City

of S

ewar

d, N

ebra

ska.

; AC

T, A

gric

ultu

ral C

hem

ical

Tra

nspo

rt st

udy;

CN

BR

, Cen

tral N

ebra

ska

Bas

ins;

TR

IVER

, Ton

gue

Riv

er

Surf

ace-

Wat

er-Q

ualit

y M

onito

ring

Net

wor

k; <

, les

s tha

n]

Map

iden

tifi-

catio

n nu

mbe

r (fi

gs. 2

–9)

Site

num

ber

Site

nam

eSi

te ty

peSa

mpl

e ty

peU

SGS

Pro-

gram

USG

S Pr

ojec

t

Sam

ple

date

(m

onth

/day

/ye

ar)

Sam

ple

time

(24

hour

)

Perc

hlor

ate

conc

entr

a-tio

n (μ

g/L)

IA-1

205

4598

00Li

ttle

Lim

e C

reek

nea

r Nor

a Sp

rings

, IA

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/20/

2004

1115

< 0.

4

IA-1

305

4630

80B

lack

Haw

k C

reek

nea

r Hol

land

, IA

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/21/

2004

< .4

IA-1

405

4649

25Li

ttle

Mos

quito

Cre

ek n

ear M

osco

w, IA

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/01/

2004

1012

< .4

IA-1

505

4655

00Io

wa

Riv

er a

t Wap

ello

, IA

swam

bien

tN

AWQ

ASW

TREN

D08

/05/

2004

0930

< .4

IA-1

605

4723

30B

uck

Cre

ek n

ear N

ew S

haro

n, IA

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/04/

2004

1315

< .4

IA-1

705

4733

40W

olf C

reek

nea

r Rom

e, IA

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS09

/30/

2004

1215

< .4

IA-1

805

4741

95W

est B

ranc

h Tr

ibut

ary

to S

uger

Cre

ek a

t La

Cre

w, IA

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS09

/30/

2004

1000

< .4

IA-1

905

4766

80Pr

airie

Cre

ek n

ear W

hitte

mor

e, IA

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/26/

2004

1015

.73

IA-2

005

4806

10B

rush

y C

reek

nea

r Dun

com

be, I

Asw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

10/2

5/20

0412

10 .4

1

IA-2

105

4823

61W

est F

ork

Cam

p C

reek

nea

r Yet

ter,

IAsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

10/2

5/20

0414

05<

.4

IA-2

205

4834

63Sp

ringb

rook

Cre

ek a

t Bag

ley,

IAsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

10/0

5/20

0410

05<

.4

IA-2

305

4858

00N

orth

Bra

nch

Nor

th R

iver

at M

cBrid

e, IA

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/05/

2004

0800

< .4

IA-2

405

4877

70B

rush

Cre

ek n

ear L

ucas

, IA

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/04/

2004

1600

< .4

IA-2

506

4834

71R

at C

reek

nea

r Mat

lock

, IA

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/06/

2004

0815

.64

IA-2

606

6037

60Tr

ibut

ary

Wes

t For

k Li

ttle

Siou

x R

iver

bel

ow S

ilver

La

ke n

ear L

ake

Park

, IA

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/06/

2004

1010

< .4

IA-2

706

6053

95Lo

st Is

land

Out

let a

bove

Dic

kens

, IA

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/26/

2004

0820

< .4

IA-2

806

6066

50B

ig C

reek

nea

r Ant

hon,

IAsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

10/0

5/20

0415

00<

.4

IA-2

906

8072

78Tr

ibut

ary

to W

est F

ork

Wes

t Nis

hnab

otna

Riv

er n

ear

Man

illa,

IAsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

10/0

5/20

0412

30<

.4

IA-3

006

8097

75Fi

sher

Cre

ek n

ear S

hena

ndoa

h, IA

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/29/

2004

1100

.47

IA-3

140

4327

0952

8480

106

8N40

W07

BC

AA

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M07

/06/

2004

1000

< .4

IA-3

240

4521

0952

3580

106

9N40

W26

BA

BD

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M07

/06/

2004

0130

< .4

IA-3

340

4531

0950

2050

206

9N36

W19

CD

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M07

/14/

2004

1130

.44

IA-3

440

4957

0951

8350

107

0N39

W27

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M07

/14/

2004

1530

< .4

IA-3

541

0007

0953

3050

107

2N41

W27

CD

CC

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M07

/01/

2004

1130

< .4

IA-3

641

0107

0953

0000

107

2N41

W24

DA

Dgw

ambi

ent

CO

OP

IAG

WM

07/0

8/20

0416

00<

.4

IA-3

741

0118

0951

4400

107

2N38

W29

BA

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M07

/17/

2004

1200

1.1

5

IA-3

841

1154

0952

5250

107

4N40

W22

AD

DB

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M06

/28/

2004

1130

< .4

IA-3

941

1649

0955

2500

107

5N44

W22

DA

DA

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M06

/29/

2004

1340

< .4


ble

4.

Perc

hlor

ate

conc

entra

tions

at s

elec

ted

surfa

ce-w

ater

and

gro

undw

ater

site

s in

the

Unite

d St

ates

.—Co

ntin

ued

[USG

S, U

.S. G

eolo

gica

l Sur

vey;

μg/

L, m

icro

gram

s per

Lite

r; sw

, sur

face

wat

er; g

w, g

roun

dwat

er; N

AWQ

A, N

atio

nal W

ater

Qua

lity

Ass

essm

ent p

rogr

am; C

OO

P, F

eder

al/S

tate

coo

pera

tive

proj

ect;

EPA

LIPS

, La

ndsc

ape

Indi

cato

rs p

roje

ct; S

WTR

END

, Sur

face

Wat

er T

rend

s net

wor

k; A

ZDEQ

, Ariz

ona

Dep

artm

ent o

f Env

ironm

enta

l Qua

lity;

GA

MA

, Cal

iforn

ia G

roun

dwat

er A

mbi

ent M

onito

ring

and

Ass

essm

ent;

RIO

G, R

io G

rand

e Va

lley;

UC

OL,

Upp

er C

olor

ado

Riv

er B

asin

; SPL

T, S

outh

Pla

tte R

iver

Bas

in; I

AG

WM

, Iow

a G

roun

dwat

er M

onito

ring

Net

wor

k; H

PGW

, Hig

h Pl

ains

Reg

iona

l Gro

und

Wat

er S

tudy

; TA

NC

, Tr

ansp

ort o

f Ant

hrop

ogen

ic a

nd N

atur

al C

onta

min

ants

Stu

dy; S

EWA

RD

, City

of S

ewar

d, N

ebra

ska.

; AC

T, A

gric

ultu

ral C

hem

ical

Tra

nspo

rt st

udy;

CN

BR

, Cen

tral N

ebra

ska

Bas

ins;

TR

IVER

, Ton

gue

Riv

er

Surf

ace-

Wat

er-Q

ualit

y M

onito

ring

Net

wor

k; <

, les

s tha

n]

Map

iden

tifi-

catio

n nu

mbe

r (fi

gs. 2

–9)

Site

num

ber

Site

nam

eSi

te ty

peSa

mpl

e ty

peU

SGS

Pr

ogra

mU

SGS

Proj

ect

Sam

ple

date

(m

onth

/day

/ye

ar)

Sam

ple

time

(24

hour

)

Perc

hlor

ate

conc

entr

atio

n (μ

g/L)

IA-4

041

2117

0923

9230

107

6N16

W25

CB

DA

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M07

/01/

2004

1130

1.7

3

IA-4

141

2812

0953

2270

107

7N41

W15

AC

DD

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M08

/05/

2004

1500

1.2

7

IA-4

241

3031

0932

8550

107

7N23

W03

AA

AA

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M09

/12/

2004

1245

< .4

IA-4

341

3132

0943

0420

207

8N32

W27

AD

DC

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M07

/13/

2004

1130

< .4

IA-4

441

3342

0934

3280

107

8N25

W15

CA

AC

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M07

/13/

2004

1530

< .4

IA-4

541

3743

0950

4120

107

9N36

W29

BB

CA

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M08

/05/

2004

1330

.95

IA-4

641

3744

0935

9550

107

9N27

W28

BA

AA

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M09

/08/

2004

1230

< .4

IA-4

741

3907

0930

7020

107

9N20

W13

AD

DD

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M07

/27/

2004

1230

< .4

IA-4

841

3943

0954

5360

107

9N42

W08

DC

CB

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M06

/29/

2004

1100

1.3

3

IA-4

941

4024

0931

5390

107

9N21

W11

AB

BB

045

10gw

ambi

ent

CO

OP

IAG

WM

06/3

0/20

0411

30<

.4

IA-5

041

4029

0931

4560

107

9N21

W01

CC

CA

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M06

/30/

2004

0930

.56

IA-5

141

4251

0925

4170

108

0N18

W26

AA

DC

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M06

/30/

2004

1330

.72

IA-5

241

4315

0945

2420

108

0N35

W24

CB

CC

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M06

/30/

2004

1400

< .4

IA-5

341

4933

0952

0180

208

1N39

W13

CA

CB

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M07

/20/

2004

1000

< .4

IA-5

441

5055

0941

3120

108

1N29

W10

BB

BA

031

47gw

ambi

ent

CO

OP

IAG

WM

07/1

5/20

0411

40<

.4

IA-5

541

5435

0944

9280

108

2N34

W17

DD

BA

218

82gw

ambi

ent

CO

OP

IAG

WM

07/1

3/20

0482

0<

.4

IA-5

641

5442

0921

8020

108

2N13

W13

DA

CB

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M06

/29/

2004

1030

< .4

IA-5

741

5949

0914

0490

108

3N07

W17

DA

CD

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M06

/29/

2004

1330

< .4

IA-5

842

0156

0935

6240

208

3N27

W01

AB

CC

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M07

/14/

2004

1450

< .4

IA-5

942

0453

0935

6140

108

4N27

W13

DC

AA

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M07

/22/

2004

1030

< .4

IA-6

042

0607

0925

9450

108

4N18

W07

BC

AD

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M09

/12/

2004

0930

< .4

IA-6

142

3138

0903

8360

108

9N03

E18A

AD

B 0

7468

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M07

/12/

2004

1145

< .4

IA-6

242

4312

0931

3520

109

1N20

W05

DB

CC

401

14gw

ambi

ent

CO

OP

IAG

WM

08/3

0/20

0414

45<

.4

IA-6

342

4838

0961

6100

109

2N46

W03

CC

AB

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M08

/03/

2004

0730

< .4

IA-6

442

4921

0963

3470

109

3N48

W31

CC

DD

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M08

/02/

2004

1600

.74

IA-6

542

5940

0962

9450

109

4N48

W03

AB

DA

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M08

/03/

2004

1130

< .4

IA-6

643

0923

0951

1450

109

6N37

W03

DD

CC

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M08

/31/

2004

1440

< .4

IA-6

743

1816

0914

7440

109

8N08

W16

CA

BD

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M07

/13/

2004

1115

< .4

IA-6

843

2314

0953

2000

109

9N40

W14

DC

CC

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PIA

GW

M08

/31/

2004

0915

< .4


ble

4.

Perc

hlor

ate

conc

entra

tions

at s

elec

ted

surfa

ce-w

ater

and

gro

undw

ater

site

s in

the

Unite

d St

ates

.—Co

ntin

ued

[USG

S, U

.S. G

eolo

gica

l Sur

vey;

μg/

L, m

icro

gram

s per

Lite

r; sw

, sur

face

wat

er; g

w, g

roun

dwat

er; N

AWQ

A, N

atio

nal W

ater

Qua

lity

Ass

essm

ent p

rogr

am; C

OO

P, F

eder

al/S

tate

coo

pera

tive

proj

ect;

EPA

LIPS

, La

ndsc

ape

Indi

cato

rs p

roje

ct; S

WTR

END

, Sur

face

Wat

er T

rend

s net

wor

k; A

ZDEQ

, Ariz

ona

Dep

artm

ent o

f Env

ironm

enta

l Qua

lity;

GA

MA

, Cal

iforn

ia G

roun

dwat

er A

mbi

ent M

onito

ring

and

Ass

essm

ent;

RIO

G, R

io G

rand

e Va

lley;

UC

OL,

Upp

er C

olor

ado

Riv

er B

asin

; SPL

T, S

outh

Pla

tte R

iver

Bas

in; I

AG

WM

, Iow

a G

roun

dwat

er M

onito

ring

Net

wor

k; H

PGW

, Hig

h Pl

ains

Reg

iona

l Gro

und

Wat

er S

tudy

; TA

NC

, Tra

nspo

rt of

Ant

hrop

ogen

ic a

nd N

atur

al C

onta

min

ants

Stu

dy; S

EWA

RD

, City

of S

ewar

d, N

ebra

ska.

; AC

T, A

gric

ultu

ral C

hem

ical

Tra

nspo

rt st

udy;

CN

BR

, Cen

tral N

ebra

ska

Bas

ins;

TR

IVER

, Ton

gue

Riv

er S

urfa

ce-W

ater

-Qua

lity

Mon

itorin

g N

etw

ork;

<, l

ess t

han]

Map

iden

tifi-

catio

n nu

mbe

r (fi

gs. 2

–9)

Site

num

ber

Site

nam

eSi

te ty

peSa

mpl

e ty

peU

SGS

Pr

ogra

mU

SGS

Proj

ect

Sam

ple

date

(m

onth

/day

/ye

ar)

Sam

ple

time

(24

hour

)

Perc

hlor

ate

conc

entr

atio

n (μ

g/L)

IL-0

105

5255

00Su

gar C

reek

at M

ilfor

d, IL

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS/

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

08/0

6/20

0410

05<

0.4

IL-0

105

5255

00Su

gar C

reek

at M

ilfor

d, IL

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS/

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

12/1

5/20

0412

45<

.4

IL-0

205

5720

00Sa

ngam

on R

iver

at M

ontic

ello

, IL

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS/

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

08/0

5/20

0413

30<

.4

IL-0

205

5720

00Sa

ngam

on R

iver

at M

ontic

ello

, IL

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS/

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

10/0

5/20

0409

15<

.4

IL-0

303

3821

25Li

ttle

Salin

e R

iver

nea

r Car

rier M

ills,

ILsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

10/2

6/20

0409

00<

.4

IL-0

405

5952

10R

ockh

ouse

Cre

ek n

ear H

ecke

r, IL

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/25/

2004

1220

< .4

IL-0

503

3806

00Fo

urm

ile C

reek

nea

r Way

ne C

ity, I

Lsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

10/1

6/20

0414

10<

.4

IL-0

603

3465

65R

acco

on C

reek

Trib

utar

y ne

ar P

eter

sbur

g, IL

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS11

/09/

2004

0915

< .4

IL-0

705

5927

60R

acco

on C

reek

nea

r Mul

berr

y G

rove

, IL

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/04/

2004

1140

< .4

IL-0

803

3444

35Is

land

Cre

ek n

ear W

oodb

ury,

ILsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

09/2

8/20

0410

40<

.4

IL-0

905

5865

97C

oate

s Cre

ek n

ear B

erda

n, IL

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/20/

2004

0950

< .4

IL-1

005

5750

30W

illow

Cre

ek n

ear M

orris

onvi

lle, I

Lsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

10/2

0/20

0414

00<

.4

IL-1

005

5750

30W

illow

Cre

ek n

ear M

orris

onvi

lle, I

Lsw

repl

icat

eEP

ALI

PS10

/20/

2004

1401

< .4

IL-1

105

5732

00B

ig C

reek

Trib

utar

y ne

ar M

t. Zi

on, I

Lsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

09/2

9/20

0410

30<

.4

IL-1

205

5719

50C

amp

Cre

ek T

ribut

ary

near

Whi

te H

eath

, IL

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/05/

2004

1300

< .4

IL-1

305

5847

90C

edar

Cre

ek n

ear C

amde

n, IL

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/19/

2004

1540

< .4

IL-1

403

3367

90U

pper

Sal

t For

k Tr

ibut

ary

near

Ran

toul

, IL

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS09

/30/

2004

0920

< .4

IL-1

505

4160

50Sm

allp

ox C

reek

at A

itken

, IL

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS/

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

11/2

3/20

0409

35<

.4

IN-0

104

1780

00St

. Jos

eph

Riv

er n

ear N

ewvi

lle, I

Nsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

09/0

8/20

0409

00<

.4

IN-0

238

4113

0864

2540

1B

eave

r Cre

ek n

ear H

uron

, IN

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS11

/08/

2004

1600

< .4

IN-0

339

0020

0860

0080

1C

oole

y C

reek

nea

r Sey

mou

r, IN

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS11

/08/

2004

1035

< .4

IN-0

439

1014

0864

8450

1Li

ck C

reek

nea

r Fre

edom

, IN

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS11

/09/

2004

0915

< .4

IN-0

539

1740

0850

5570

1Pi

pe C

reek

nea

r Pen

ntow

n, IN

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/26/

2004

1045

1.4

9

IN-0

639

2007

0871

4020

1B

ig S

loug

h ne

ar R

iley,

INsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

11/0

9/20

0413

30<

.4

IN-0

739

4024

0870

5090

1R

ock

Fork

nea

r Man

sfiel

d, IN

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS09

/23/

2004

0925

< .4

IN-0

839

4102

0855

3310

1Li

ttle

Suga

r Cre

ek n

ear N

ew P

ales

tine,

INsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

09/2

4/20

0408

45 .4

1


ble

4.

Perc

hlor

ate

conc

entra

tions

at s

elec

ted

surfa

ce-w

ater

and

gro

undw

ater

site

s in

the

Unite

d St

ates

.—Co

ntin

ued

[USG

S, U

.S. G

eolo

gica

l Sur

vey;

μg/

L, m

icro

gram

s per

Lite

r; sw

, sur

face

wat

er; g

w, g

roun

dwat

er; N

AWQ

A, N

atio

nal W

ater

Qua

lity

Ass

essm

ent p

rogr

am; C

OO

P, F

eder

al/S

tate

coo

pera

tive

proj

ect;

EPA

LIPS

, La

ndsc

ape

Indi

cato

rs p

roje

ct; S

WTR

END

, Sur

face

Wat

er T

rend

s net

wor

k; A

ZDEQ

, Ariz

ona

Dep

artm

ent o

f Env

ironm

enta

l Qua

lity;

GA

MA

, Cal

iforn

ia G

roun

dwat

er A

mbi

ent M

onito

ring

and

Ass

essm

ent;

RIO

G, R

io G

rand

e Va

lley;

UC

OL,

Upp

er C

olor

ado

Riv

er B

asin

; SPL

T, S

outh

Pla

tte R

iver

Bas

in; I

AG

WM

, Iow

a G

roun

dwat

er M

onito

ring

Net

wor

k; H

PGW

, Hig

h Pl

ains

Reg

iona

l Gro

und

Wat

er S

tudy

; TA

NC

, Tr

ansp

ort o

f Ant

hrop

ogen

ic a

nd N

atur

al C

onta

min

ants

Stu

dy; S

EWA

RD

, City

of S

ewar

d, N

ebra

ska.

; AC

T, A

gric

ultu

ral C

hem

ical

Tra

nspo

rt st

udy;

CN

BR

, Cen

tral N

ebra

ska

Bas

ins;

TR

IVER

, Ton

gue

Riv

er

Surf

ace-

Wat

er-Q

ualit

y M

onito

ring

Net

wor

k; <

, les

s tha

n]

Map

iden

tifi-

catio

n nu

mbe

r (fi

gs. 2

–9)

Site

num

ber

Site

nam

eSi

te ty

peSa

mpl

e ty

peU

SGS

Pr

ogra

mU

SGS

Proj

ect

Sam

ple

date

(m

onth

/day

/ye

ar)

Sam

ple

time

(24

hour

)

Perc

hlor

ate

conc

entr

atio

n (μ

g/L)

IN-0

839

4102

0855

3310

1Li

ttle

Suga

r Cre

ek n

ear N

ew P

ales

tine,

INsw

repl

icat

eEP

ALI

PS09

/24/

2004

0855

< 0.

4

IN-0

940

0101

0861

7250

1M

ount

s Run

nea

r Zio

nsvi

lle, I

Nsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

09/3

0/20

0409

30 1

.58

IN-1

040

1510

0855

0250

1Li

ttle

Duc

k C

reek

nea

r Elw

ood,

INsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

11/1

0/20

0409

45<

.4

IN-1

140

1722

0845

1320

1M

issi

ssin

ewa

Riv

er n

ear U

nion

City

, IN

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS09

/20/

2004

1100

< .4

IN-1

140

1722

0845

1320

1M

issi

ssin

ewa

Riv

er n

ear U

nion

City

, IN

swre

plic

ate

EPA

LIPS

09/2

0/20

0412

10<

.4

IN-1

240

3748

0871

0130

1O

wen

s Ditc

h ne

ar F

owle

r, IN

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS09

/22/

2004

0910

< .4

IN-1

341

0823

0845

5110

1W

ilbur

Ditc

h ne

ar F

ort W

ayne

, IN

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS09

/21/

2004

0930

< .4

IN-1

441

2215

0870

4280

1C

obb

Ditc

h ne

ar K

outs

, IN

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS09

/21/

2004

1610

< .4

IN-1

541

4241

0860

3010

1C

obus

Cre

ek n

ear E

lkha

rt, IN

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/21/

2004

1215

< .4

IN-1

541

4241

0860

3010

1C

obus

Cre

ek n

ear E

lkha

rt, IN

swre

plic

ate

EPA

LIPS

10/2

1/20

0412

45<

.4

MI-

0104

1015

31O

sbor

n D

rain

nea

r Gle

nwoo

d, M

Isw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

10/1

3/20

0412

30 .8

5

MI-

0204

1027

26B

utte

rnut

Cre

ek n

ear S

outh

Hav

en, M

Isw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

09/0

8/20

0416

00<

.4

MI-

0304

1158

51Li

ttle

Libh

art C

reek

nea

r Lyo

ns, M

Isw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

09/1

3/20

0413

40<

.4

MI-

0404

1160

23B

ella

my

Cre

ek n

ear I

onia

, MI

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS09

/14/

2004

1045

< .4

MI-

0404

1160

23B

ella

my

Cre

ek n

ear I

onia

, MI

swre

plic

ate

EPA

LIPS

09/1

4/20

0413

30<

.4

MI-

0504

1167

34Li

ttle

Thor

napp

le R

iver

nea

r Gre

sham

, MI

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/12/

2004

1135

< .4

MI-

0604

1174

48C

edar

Cre

ek n

ear Q

uim

by, M

Isw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

09/2

3/20

0412

30<

.4

MI-

0704

1505

92So

uth

Bra

nch

Whi

te C

reek

nea

r Def

ord,

MI

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS09

/29/

2004

1400

< .4

MI-

0804

1770

85La

ird C

reek

nea

r Wal

dron

, MI

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS09

/15/

2004

1145

< .4

MN

-01

0528

8705

Shin

gle

Cre

ek a

t Que

en A

venu

e in

Min

neap

olis

, M

Nsw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

08/2

5/20

0410

25 2

.53

MN

-02

0531

6983

Cou

nty

Ditc

h 24

nea

r Cle

men

ts, M

Nsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

10/0

6/20

0414

20 .8

7

MN

-02

0531

6983

Cou

nty

Ditc

h 24

nea

r Cle

men

ts, M

Nsw

blan

kEP

ALI

PS10

/07/

2004

900

< .4

MN

-03

0531

8283

Judi

cial

Ditc

h 85

nea

r Will

ow C

reek

, MN

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/07/

2004

1210

1.8

MN

-04

0532

0270

Littl

e C

obb

Riv

er n

ear B

eauf

ord,

MN

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS/

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

08/2

3/20

0413

10 .8

MN

-04

0532

0270

Littl

e C

obb

Riv

er n

ear B

eauf

ord,

MN

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS/

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

10/0

7/20

0410

05<

.4

MN

-05

0532

5580

Che

rry

Cre

ek n

ear O

ttaw

a, M

Nsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

09/0

3/20

0410

40<

.4

MN

-06

0532

9898

Silv

er C

reek

nea

r Eas

t Uni

on, M

Nsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

07/2

8/20

0413

00<

.4

MN

-07

0533

1580

Mis

siss

ippi

rive

r bel

ow L

&D

#2

at H

astin

gs, M

Nsw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

08/1

3/20

0410

16<

.4


ble

4.

Perc

hlor

ate

conc

entra

tions

at s

elec

ted

surfa

ce-w

ater

and

gro

undw

ater

site

s in

the

Unite

d St

ates

.—Co

ntin

ued

[USG

S, U

.S. G

eolo

gica

l Sur

vey;

μg/

L, m

icro

gram

s per

Lite

r; sw

, sur

face

wat

er; g

w, g

roun

dwat

er; N

AWQ

A, N

atio

nal W

ater

Qua

lity

Ass

essm

ent p

rogr

am; C

OO

P, F

eder

al/S

tate

coo

pera

tive

proj

ect;

EPA

LIPS

, La

ndsc

ape

Indi

cato

rs p

roje

ct; S

WTR

END

, Sur

face

Wat

er T

rend

s net

wor

k; A

ZDEQ

, Ariz

ona

Dep

artm

ent o

f Env

ironm

enta

l Qua

lity;

GA

MA

, Cal

iforn

ia G

roun

dwat

er A

mbi

ent M

onito

ring

and

Ass

essm

ent;

RIO

G, R

io G

rand

e Va

lley;

UC

OL,

Upp

er C

olor

ado

Riv

er B

asin

; SPL

T, S

outh

Pla

tte R

iver

Bas

in; I

AG

WM

, Iow

a G

roun

dwat

er M

onito

ring

Net

wor

k; H

PGW

, Hig

h Pl

ains

Reg

iona

l Gro

und

Wat

er S

tudy

; TA

NC

, Tra

nspo

rt of

Ant

hrop

ogen

ic a

nd N

atur

al C

onta

min

ants

Stu

dy; S

EWA

RD

, City

of S

ewar

d, N

ebra

ska.

; AC

T, A

gric

ultu

ral C

hem

ical

Tra

nspo

rt st

udy;

CN

BR

, Cen

tral N

ebra

ska

Bas

ins;

TR

IVER

, Ton

gue

Riv

er S

urfa

ce-W

ater

-Qua

lity

Mon

itorin

g N

etw

ork;

<, l

ess t

han]

Map

iden

tifi-

catio

n nu

mbe

r (fi

gs. 2

–9)

Site

num

ber

Site

nam

eSi

te ty

peSa

mpl

e ty

peU

SGS

Pr

ogra

mU

SGS

Proj

ect

Sam

ple

date

(m

onth

/day

/ye

ar)

Sam

ple

time

(24

hour

)

Perc

hlor

ate

conc

entr

atio

n (μ

g/L)

MN

-08

0533

9721

Rus

h C

reek

abo

ve M

outh

nea

r Rus

h C

ity, M

Nsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

07/2

7/20

0411

30<

0.4

MN

-09

0535

1400

Dev

il C

reek

nea

r Mor

risto

wn,

MN

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS08

/15/

2004

1230

< .4

MN

-10

0535

5307

Wel

ls C

reek

nea

r Bel

vide

re M

ills,

MN

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS09

/03/

2004

1130

< .4

MN

-11

0537

7508

Trou

t Cre

ek n

ear W

eave

r, M

Nsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

09/0

3/20

0408

30<

.4

MN

-12

0537

7550

Dee

ring

Valle

y C

reek

nea

r Whi

tman

, MN

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS08

/14/

2004

1400

< .4

MN

-12

0537

7550

Dee

ring

Valle

y C

reek

nea

r Whi

tman

, MN

swre

plic

ate

EPA

LIPS

08/1

4/20

0414

06<

.4

MN

-13

0538

4110

Dus

chee

Cre

ek a

bove

Lan

esbo

ro, M

Nsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

09/0

2/20

0413

00<

.4

MN

-13

0538

4110

Dus

chee

Cre

ek a

bove

Lan

esbo

ro, M

Nsw

repl

icat

eEP

ALI

PS09

/02/

2004

1302

< .4

MO

-01

0549

5850

Wya

cond

a R

iver

nea

r Lur

ay, M

Osw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

08/1

6/20

0414

00<

.4

MO

-01

0549

5850

Wya

cond

a R

iver

nea

r Lur

ay, M

Osw

repl

icat

eEP

ALI

PS08

/16/

2004

1401

< .4

MO

-02

0550

2005

Bea

r Cre

ek a

t 29t

h St

reet

at H

anni

bal,

MO

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS08

/17/

2004

0820

< .4

MT-

0106

3063

00To

ngue

Riv

er a

t Sta

te L

ine

near

Dec

ker,

MT

swam

bien

tC

OO

P07

/14/

2004

1420

.68

NE-

0106

8000

00M

aple

Cre

ek n

ear N

icke

rson

, NE

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS/

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

07/1

3/20

0410

30<

.4

NE-

0106

8000

00M

aple

Cre

ek n

ear N

icke

rson

, NE

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS/

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

10/1

2/20

0409

30<

.4

NE-

0206

8005

00El

khor

n R

iver

at W

ater

loo,

NE

swam

bien

tN

AWQ

ASW

TREN

D07

/14/

2004

1000

.48

NE-

0306

8055

00Pl

atte

Riv

er a

t Lou

isvi

lle, N

Esw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

07/1

5/20

0410

00<

.4

NE-

0440

0757

0983

2540

12N

11W

15C

DD

D1

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AH

PGW

08/1

7/20

0414

00 1

.59

NE-

0540

1329

0974

4450

13N

4W

15D

AD

A1

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AH

PGW

08/1

9/20

0415

00 .6

9

NE-

0640

1715

0970

8360

14N

2E2

5AD

AA

1gw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

HPG

W07

/16/

2004

1000

1.4

3

NE-

0740

1853

0975

5010

14N

5W

18D

AA

A1

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AH

PGW

07/1

5/20

0411

00 1

.99

NE-

0840

1918

0971

9530

14N

1E

8DD

DD

1gw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

HPG

W08

/20/

2004

1000

1.0

5

NE-

0940

2103

0974

0420

15N

3W

32D

CD

C1

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AH

PGW

07/1

5/20

0414

00 1

.3

NE-

1040

2154

0985

1260

15N

14W

26D

DD

D1

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AH

PGW

08/1

8/20

0414

00 1

.49

NE-

1140

2708

0985

3490

16N

14W

28D

DC

D1

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AH

PGW

08/1

8/20

0412

00<

.4

NE-

1240

2943

0982

8480

16N

10W

7D

DD

C1

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AH

PGW

08/1

7/20

0410

00 .8

8

NE-

1340

3314

0975

3280

17N

5W

21C

DA

D1

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AH

PGW

07/1

4/20

0410

00 1

.8

NE-

1440

3330

0985

4510

17N

14W

20D

AD

A1

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AH

PGW

08/1

9/20

0411

00 2

0.87

NE-

1540

3502

0974

6010

17N

4W

10C

CC

B1

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AH

PGW

07/1

4/20

0414

00<

.4

NE-

1640

3520

0970

1390

17N

3E1

2AD

DD

1gw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

HPG

W07

/16/

2004

1400

.94


ble

4.

Tabl

e 4.

Pe

rchl

orat

e co

ncen

tratio

ns a

t sel

ecte

d su

rface

-wat

er a

nd g

roun

dwat

er s

ites

in th

e Un

ited

Stat

es.—

Cont

inue

d[U

SGS,

U.S

. Geo

logi

cal S

urve

y; μ

g/L,

mic

rogr

ams p

er L

iter;

sw, s

urfa

ce w

ater

; gw,

gro

undw

ater

; NAW

QA

, Nat

iona

l Wat

er Q

ualit

y A

sses

smen

t pro

gram

; CO

OP,

Fed

eral

/Sta

te c

oope

rativ

e pr

ojec

t; EP

ALI

PS,

Land

scap

e In

dica

tors

pro

ject

; SW

TREN

D, S

urfa

ce W

ater

Tre

nds n

etw

ork;

AZD

EQ, A

rizon

a D

epar

tmen

t of E

nviro

nmen

tal Q

ualit

y; G

AM

A, C

alifo

rnia

Gro

undw

ater

Am

bien

t Mon

itorin

g an

d A

sses

smen

t; R

IOG

, Rio

Gra

nde

Valle

y; U

CO

L, U

pper

Col

orad

o R

iver

Bas

in; S

PLT,

Sou

th P

latte

Riv

er B

asin

; IA

GW

M, I

owa

Gro

undw

ater

Mon

itorin

g N

etw

ork;

HPG

W, H

igh

Plai

ns R

egio

nal G

roun

d W

ater

Stu

dy;

TAN

C, T

rans

port

of A

nthr

opog

enic

and

Nat

ural

Con

tam

inan

ts S

tudy

; SEW

AR

D, C

ity o

f Sew

ard,

Neb

rask

a.; A

CT,

Agr

icul

tura

l Che

mic

al T

rans

port

stud

y; C

NB

R, C

entra

l Neb

rask

a B

asin

s; T

RIV

ER, T

ongu

e R

iver

Sur

face

-Wat

er-Q

ualit

y M

onito

ring

Net

wor

k; <

, les

s tha

n]

Map

iden

tifi-

catio

n nu

mbe

r (fi

gs. 2

–9)

Site

num

ber

Site

nam

eSi

te ty

peSa

mpl

e ty

peU

SGS

Pr

ogra

mU

SGS

Proj

ect

Sam

ple

date

(m

onth

/day

/ye

ar)

Sam

ple

time

(24

hour

)

Perc

hlor

ate

conc

entr

atio

n (μ

g/L)

NE-

4740

5406

0974

0560

111

N 3

W20

DC

C1

AWT2

-71

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AH

PGW

07/2

9/20

0413

00 1

.31

NE-

4840

5420

0971

1400

211

N 2

E22C

BB

B2

FP4-

105

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PSE

WA

RD

08/0

4/20

0415

00 .9

5

NE-

4940

5420

0971

1400

311

N 2

E22C

BB

B3

FP4-

129

gwam

bien

tC

OO

PSE

WA

RD

08/2

5/20

0418

000.

7

NE-

5041

0247

0975

3360

112

N 5

W 4

BA

AA

1gw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

HPG

W07

/20/

2004

.6

NE-

5141

0251

1020

2420

1SB

0120

4232

CD

Dgw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

SPLT

07/1

3/20

0410

40 .6

1

NE-

5241

0410

0972

2060

113

N 1

W25

DA

AD

1gw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

HPG

W07

/13/

2004

.67

NE-

5341

0520

0973

4450

113

N 2

W20

BB

BC

1gw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

HPG

W07

/20/

2004

1300

.78

NE-

5441

0552

0972

2050

113

N 1

E18B

CC

C1

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AH

PGW

07/1

2/20

04 .5

NE-

5541

0710

0974

5420

113

N 4

W10

BA

AA

1gw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

HPG

W07

/19/

2004

1700

.77

NE-

5641

1256

0973

0110

114

N 2

W 2

AD

DA

1gw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

HPG

W07

/13/

2004

< .4

NE-

5741

1636

0963

7290

1D

uck

Cre

ek n

ear C

olon

, NE

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS09

/20/

2004

1000

< .4

NE-

5841

3334

0963

2530

118

N 8

W 5

DB

AB

1 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-1A

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AA

CT

08/1

6/20

0416

30 .4

4

NE-

5941

3334

0963

2530

218

N 8

W 5

DB

AB

2 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-1B

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AA

CT

08/1

6/20

0415

00<

.4

NE-

6041

3334

0963

2530

318

N 8

W 5

DB

AB

3 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-1C

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AA

CT

08/1

6/20

0413

30<

.4

NE-

6141

3340

0964

0270

118

N 7

E 6B

CC

C1

CN

BR

LUSC

R1

DO

-24

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AC

NB

R09

/08/

2004

1500

< .4

NE-

6241

3341

0963

2550

118

N 8

W 5

AC

DC

1 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-2A

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AA

CT

08/1

7/20

0412

00<

.4

NE-

6341

3341

0963

2550

218

N 8

W 5

AC

DC

2 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-2B

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AA

CT

08/1

7/20

0410

30<

.4

NE-

6441

3341

0963

2550

318

N 8

W 5

AC

DC

3 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-2C

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AA

CT

08/1

7/20

0410

00<

.4

NE-

6541

3348

0963

2480

118

N 8

W 5

AC

AC

1 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-3A

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AA

CT

08/1

8/20

0411

00<

.4

NE-

6641

3348

0963

2480

218

N 8

W 5

AC

AC

2 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-3B

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AA

CT

08/1

8/20

0413

30<

.4

NE-

6741

3348

0963

2480

318

N 8

W 5

AC

AC

3 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-3C

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AA

CT

08/1

8/20

0412

30<

.4

NE-

6841

3350

0963

2470

118

N 8

W 5

AB

DD

1 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-4A

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AA

CT

08/1

7/20

0415

00<

.4

NE-

6941

3350

0963

2470

218

N 8

W 5

AB

DD

2 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-4B

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AA

CT

08/1

7/20

0416

00<

.4

NE-

7041

3350

0963

2470

318

N 8

W 5

AB

DD

3 N

AWQ

A W

ELL

AC

TFS1

-4C

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AA

CT

08/1

7/20

0415

30<

.4

NE-

7141

3412

1014

1450

119

N 3

8W33

DD

DA

1gw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

HPG

W<

.4

NE-

7241

3850

0974

2580

119

N 3

W 6

CB

CB

1gw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

HPG

W07

/19/

2004

1100

< .4

NE-

7341

4343

0965

9580

120

N 4

E 5C

CD

C1

CN

BR

LUSC

R1

CO

-13

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AA

CT

09/0

9/20

0410

00<

.4

NE-

7441

4527

0970

9410

121

N 2

E35A

BA

A1

CN

BR

LUSC

R1

S-11

gwam

bien

tN

AWQ

AA

CT

08/1

9/20

0411

00<

.4

NE-

7541

4748

1000

9090

121

N 2

5W13

AB

AA

1gw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

HPG

W06

/14/

2004

1000

< .4

NE-

7642

0326

1022

5320

124

N 4

4W16

DB

DB

1gw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

HPG

W06

/08/

2004

1600

< .4


ble

4.

Perc

hlor

ate

conc

entra

tions

at s

elec

ted

surfa

ce-w

ater

and

gro

undw

ater

site

s in

the

Unite

d St

ates

.—Co

ntin

ued

[USG

S, U

.S. G

eolo

gica

l Sur

vey;

μg/

L, m

icro

gram

s per

Lite

r; sw

, sur

face

wat

er; g

w, g

roun

dwat

er; N

AWQ

A, N

atio

nal W

ater

Qua

lity

Ass

essm

ent p

rogr

am; C

OO

P, F

eder

al/S

tate

coo

pera

tive

proj

ect;

EPA

LIPS

, La

ndsc

ape

Indi

cato

rs p

roje

ct; S

WTR

END

, Sur

face

Wat

er T

rend

s net

wor

k; A

ZDEQ

, Ariz

ona

Dep

artm

ent o

f Env

ironm

enta

l Qua

lity;

GA

MA

, Cal

iforn

ia G

roun

dwat

er A

mbi

ent M

onito

ring

and

Ass

essm

ent;

RIO

G, R

io G

rand

e Va

lley;

UC

OL,

Upp

er C

olor

ado

Riv

er B

asin

; SPL

T, S

outh

Pla

tte R

iver

Bas

in; I

AG

WM

, Iow

a G

roun

dwat

er M

onito

ring

Net

wor

k; H

PGW

, Hig

h Pl

ains

Reg

iona

l Gro

und

Wat

er S

tudy

; TA

NC

, Tr

ansp

ort o

f Ant

hrop

ogen

ic a

nd N

atur

al C

onta

min

ants

Stu

dy; S

EWA

RD

, City

of S

ewar

d, N

ebra

ska.

; AC

T, A

gric

ultu

ral C

hem

ical

Tra

nspo

rt st

udy;

CN

BR

, Cen

tral N

ebra

ska

Bas

ins;

TR

IVER

, Ton

gue

Riv

er

Surf

ace-

Wat

er-Q

ualit

y M

onito

ring

Net

wor

k; <

, les

s tha

n]

Map

iden

tifi-

catio

n nu

mbe

r (fi

gs. 2

–9)

Site

num

ber

Site

nam

eSi

te ty

peSa

mpl

e ty

peU

SGS

Pr

ogra

mU

SGS

Proj

ect

Sam

ple

date

(m

onth

/day

/ye

ar)

Sam

ple

time

(24

hour

)

Perc

hlor

ate

conc

entr

atio

n (μ

g/L)

NE-

7742

0458

1012

7020

124

N 3

6W 2

DA

BC

1gw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

HPG

W06

/08/

2004

1200

< 0.

4

NE-

7842

0515

1013

6390

124

N 3

7W 4

AC

BB

1gw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

HPG

W06

/23/

2004

1000

1.5

7

NE-

7942

0821

0993

5110

125

N 2

0W13

AD

AC

1gw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

HPG

W06

/24/

2004

1100

.45

NE-

8042

1317

1015

4020

126

N 3

9W19

AD

CB

1gw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

HPG

W06

/16/

2004

1000

< .4

NE-

8142

2120

1021

7530

127

N 4

3W 2

AA

DB

1gw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

HPG

W06

/16/

2004

1300

.42

NE-

8242

2138

1012

8260

128

N 3

6W36

CB

BB

1gw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

HPG

W06

/15/

2004

< .4

NE-

8342

2830

1014

1110

129

N 3

7W20

DC

DA

1gw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

HPG

W06

/09/

2004

1100

< .4

NE-

8442

4403

1002

5350

132

N 2

7W24

AC

BB

1gw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

HPG

W06

/03/

2004

1100

1.2

8

NE-

8542

5154

1003

4230

133

N 2

8W 1

BB

1gw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

HPG

W06

/09/

2004

< .4

NM

-01

0827

6500

Rio

Gra

nde

belo

w T

aos J

unct

ion

Brid

ge n

ear T

aos,

NM

swam

bien

tC

OO

P07

/22/

2004

1230

1.0

6

NM

-02

0831

3000

Rio

Gra

nde

at O

tow

i Brid

ge, N

Msw

ambi

ent

CO

OP

07/2

2/20

0412

10<

.4

NM

-03

0831

9000

Rio

Gra

nde

at S

an F

elip

e, N

Msw

ambi

ent

CO

OP

07/1

9/20

0412

00<

.4

NM

-04

0833

1000

Rio

Gra

nde

at Is

leta

, NM

swam

bien

tC

OO

P07

/13/

2004

1140

< .4

NM

-05

0935

5500

San

Juan

Riv

er n

ear A

rchu

leta

, NM

swam

bien

tC

OO

P07

/29/

2004

1500

< .4

NM

-06

0936

4500

Ani

mas

Riv

er a

t Far

min

gton

, NM

swam

bien

tC

OO

P07

/01/

2004

0800

2.0

6

NM

-07

0936

5000

San

Juan

Riv

er a

t Far

min

gton

, NM

swam

bien

tC

OO

P07

/01/

2004

1205

< .4

NM

-08

0936

8000

San

Juan

Riv

er a

t Shi

proc

k, N

Msw

ambi

ent

CO

OP

06/3

0/20

0413

05 1

.69

NV-

0109

4196

783

Las V

egas

Was

h be

low

Fla

min

go W

ash

Con

flu-

ence

nea

r Las

Veg

as, N

Vsw

blan

kN

AWQ

ASW

TREN

D08

/17/

2004

1020

< .4

NV-

0109

4196

783

Las V

egas

Was

h be

low

Fla

min

go W

ash

Con

flu-

ence

nea

r Las

Veg

as, N

Vsw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

08/1

7/20

0410

30 6

.23

NV-

0109

4196

783

Las V

egas

Was

h be

low

Fla

min

go W

ash

Con

flu-

ence

nea

r Las

Veg

as, N

Vsw

repl

icat

eN

AWQ

ASW

TREN

D08

/17/

2004

1040

2.7

NV-

0210

3090

10Ea

st F

ork

Car

son

Riv

er n

ear D

ress

lerv

ille,

NV

swam

bien

tN

AWQ

ASW

TREN

D08

/12/

2004

1010

< .4

NV-

0310

3476

99Tr

ucke

e R

iver

at C

halk

Blu

ff Tr

eatm

ent P

lant

In

take

nea

r Ren

o, N

Vsw

ambi

ent

NAW

QA

SWTR

END

08/1

8/20

0409

10<

.4

NV-

0410

3505

00Tr

ucke

e R

iver

at C

lark

, NV

swam

bien

tN

AWQ

ASW

TREN

D08

/09/

2004

1115

< .4

OH

-01

0326

7900

Mad

Riv

er a

t St.

Paris

Pik

e at

Eag

le C

ity, O

Hsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

09/0

7/20

0411

00<

.4

OH

-02

0418

6500

Aug

laiz

e R

iver

nea

r For

t Jen

ning

s, O

Hsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

09/0

8/20

0411

00<

.4

OH

-02

0418

6500

Aug

laiz

e R

iver

nea

r For

t Jen

ning

s, O

Hsw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

10/2

0/20

0409

30<

.4


ble

4.

Perc

hlor

ate

conc

entra

tions

at s

elec

ted

surfa

ce-w

ater

and

gro

undw

ater

site

s in

the

Unite

d St

ates

.—Co

ntin

ued

[USG

S, U

.S. G

eolo

gica

l Sur

vey;

μg/

L, m

icro

gram

s per

Lite

r; sw

, sur

face

wat

er; g

w, g

roun

dwat

er; N

AWQ

A, N

atio

nal W

ater

Qua

lity

Ass

essm

ent p

rogr

am; C

OO

P, F

eder

al/S

tate

coo

pera

tive

proj

ect;

EPA

LIPS

, La

ndsc

ape

Indi

cato

rs p

roje

ct; S

WTR

END

, Sur

face

Wat

er T

rend

s net

wor

k; A

ZDEQ

, Ariz

ona

Dep

artm

ent o

f Env

ironm

enta

l Qua

lity;

GA

MA

, Cal

iforn

ia G

roun

dwat

er A

mbi

ent M

onito

ring

and

Ass

essm

ent;

RIO

G, R

io G

rand

e Va

lley;

UC

OL,

Upp

er C

olor

ado

Riv

er B

asin

; SPL

T, S

outh

Pla

tte R

iver

Bas

in; I

AG

WM

, Iow

a G

roun

dwat

er M

onito

ring

Net

wor

k; H

PGW

, Hig

h Pl

ains

Reg

iona

l Gro

und

Wat

er S

tudy

; TA

NC

, Tra

nspo

rt of

Ant

hrop

ogen

ic a

nd N

atur

al C

onta

min

ants

Stu

dy; S

EWA

RD

, City

of S

ewar

d, N

ebra

ska.

; AC

T, A

gric

ultu

ral C

hem

ical

Tra

nspo

rt st

udy;

CN

BR

, Cen

tral N

ebra

ska

Bas

ins;

TR

IVER

, Ton

gue

Riv

er S

urfa

ce-W

ater

-Qua

lity

Mon

itorin

g N

etw

ork;

<, l

ess t

han]

Map

iden

tifi-

catio

n nu

mbe

r (fi

gs. 2

–9)

Site

num

ber

Site

nam

eSi

te ty

peSa

mpl

e ty

peU

SGS

Pr

ogra

mU

SGS

Proj

ect

Sam

ple

date

(m

onth

/day

/ye

ar)

Sam

ple

time

(24

hour

)

Perc

hlor

ate

conc

entr

atio

n (μ

g/L)

WI-

0605

3418

65Pa

rker

Cre

ek n

ear R

iver

Fal

ls, W

Isw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

10/0

6/20

0409

25<

0.4

WI-

0705

3659

62B

lack

Cre

ek n

ear F

airc

hild

, WI

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/05/

2004

1015

< .4

WI-

0805

3670

64C

ranb

erry

Cre

ek a

t Mer

idea

n, W

Isw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

10/0

5/20

0414

30 .9

3

WI-

0905

3678

03Si

lver

Cre

ek n

ear A

rland

, WI

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS10

/04/

2004

1605

< .4

WI-

1005

3814

41So

per C

reek

at C

atar

act,

WI

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS09

/14/

2004

0740

< .4

WI-

1105

3824

15Li

ttle

La C

ross

e R

iver

nea

r Mel

vina

, WI

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS09

/14/

2004

0910

< .4

WI-

1205

4041

139

Wes

t Bra

nch

Bar

aboo

Riv

er a

t Hill

sbor

o, W

Isw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

09/1

3/20

0410

20<

.4

WI-

1305

4067

125

Haw

kins

Cre

ek a

t Roc

kbrid

ge, W

Isw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

09/1

3/20

0408

55<

.4

WI-

1405

4072

17C

rook

ed C

reek

at B

osco

bel,

WI

swam

bien

tEP

ALI

PS09

/07/

2004

1300

< .4

WI-

1505

4128

80R

oger

s Bra

nch

near

Lan

cast

er, W

Isw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

09/0

8/20

0412

50<

.4

WI-

1605

4141

33Li

ttle

Plat

te R

iver

nea

r Arth

ur, W

Isw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

09/0

8/20

0407

10 .9

6

WI-

1605

4141

33Li

ttle

Plat

te R

iver

nea

r Arth

ur, W

Isw

repl

icat

eEP

ALI

PS09

/08/

2004

0720

< .4

WI-

1705

4149

24G

alen

a R

iver

at J

enki

nsvi

lle, W

Isw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

09/0

9/20

0409

20<

.4

WI-

1805

4363

61Li

ttle

Suga

r Riv

er W

est B

ranc

h at

Mon

ticel

lo, W

Isw

ambi

ent

EPA

LIPS

09/1

0/20

0408

15 1

.41

WY-

0106

2797

95C

row

Cre

ek a

t Mou

th a

t Pah

aska

, WY

swam

bien

tC

OO

PTR

IVER

08/2

0/20

0412

30<

.4

WY-

0206

2999

80To

ngue

Riv

er a

t Mon

arch

, WY

swam

bien

tC

OO

PTR

IVER

07/1

4/20

0416

45 .4

9

WY-

0306

3057

00G

oose

Cre

ek n

ear A

cme,

WY

swam

bien

tC

OO

PTR

IVER

07/1

5/20

0408

10<

.4

WY-

0406

3062

50Pr

airie

Dog

Cre

ek n

ear A

cme,

WY

swam

bien

tC

OO

PTR

IVER

07/1

4/20

0411

00<

.4


Table 5. Summary of perchlorate detections and concentrations in selected states.[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than]

StateNumber of samples

Number of samples with detectable con-centration (0.4 μg/L or

greater)

Percent of samples with concentration 1.0 μg/L or greater



Maximum concentration

(μg/L )

Surface water

Arizona 11 1 0 0 0 0.6Arkansas 3 1 0 0 0 .68California 3 2 0 0 0 .87Colorado 17 1 0 0 0 .63Illinois 17 0 0 0 0 <.4Indiana 15 3 13 0 0 1.58Iowa 30 7 3 0 0 1.12Michigan 8 1 0 0 0 .85Minnesota 14 4 14 7 0 2.53Missouri 2 0 0 0 0 <.4Montana 1 1 0 0 0 .68Nebraska 6 1 0 0 0 .48Nevada 4 1 25 25 25 6.23New Mexico 8 3 38 12 0 2.06Ohio 15 3 20 0 0 1.58South Dakota 3 0 0 0 0 <.4Texas 3 0 0 0 0 <.4Wisconsin 18 4 6 0 0 1.41Wyoming 4 1 0 0 0 .49

Groundwater

Arkansas 1 1 0 0 0 .92California 8 4 13 0 0 1.93Colorado 21 5 19 9 0 4.19Iowa 38 9 11 0 0 1.73Nebraska 80 45 31 6 1.25 20.9

Table 6. Perchlorate concentrations in streams sampled twice during the reconnaissance study.

Map identifica-tion number

(figs. 2–9)Site number Site name

Sample date (month/day/

year)

Sample time (24 hours)

Perchlorate concen-tration (ug/L)

IL-01 05525500 Sugar Creek at Milford, IL 08/06/2004 1005 <0.4IL-01 05525500 Sugar Creek at Milford, IL 12/15/2004 1245 <.4IL-02 05572000 Sangamon River at Monticello, IL 08/05/2004 1330 <.4IL-02 05572000 Sangamon River at Monticello, IL 10/05/2004 0915 <.4

MN-04 05320270 Little Cobb River near Beauford, MN 08/23/2004 1310 .8MN-04 05320270 Little Cobb River near Beauford, MN 10/07/2004 1005 <.4NE-01 06800000 Maple Creek near Nickerson, NE 07/13/2004 1030 <.4NE-01 06800000 Maple Creek near Nickerson, NE 10/12/2004 0930 <.4OH-02 04186500 Auglaize River near Fort Jennings, OH 09/08/2004 1100 <.4OH-02 04186500 Auglaize River near Fort Jennings, OH 10/20/2004 0930 <.4

Appendix


Appendix 1. Project support.

Core funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Central Region Integrated Science Program.

Collection of samples from such a large part of the United States was only possible because of the willingness of personnel working on Federal/State cooperative (COOP) projects, the National Water-Quality Assessment program (NAWQA) , and U.S. Geological Survey/ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Landscape Indicators (EPALIPS) project to collect an additional water sample. Collection of perchlorate samples was supported as part of the following programs.

Federal/State Cooperative Program

Water Science Center Project/cooperator Description

Arkansas Master well monitoringArizona Arizona Department of Environmental

Quality (AZDEQ)California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and

Assessment (GAMA)/California State Water Resources Control Board

An assessment of groundwater quality in areas where public supply wells are an important source of drink-ing water (Wright and others, 2005). Perchlorate samples are routinely analyzed by a commercial laboratory as part of the GAMA project, but addi-tional samples were collected for this study.

Colorado Water Quality in the Arkansas River basin near Pueblo, CO/ Southeastern Colorado Water Activity Enterprise

Monitoring in the Fountain and Monument Creek wa-tersheds from 1981 through 2006 to evaluate the ef-fects of stormflow and wastewater-treatment effluent on Fountain and Monument Creeks in the Colorado Springs, Colorado area. (Mau and others, 2007)

Iowa Iowa Groundwater Monitoring Net-work (IAGWM) /Iowa Department of Natural Resources

38 of 150 municipal supply wells completed in shallow alluvial deposits that are susceptible to contamina-tion from land surface were sampled for perchlorate. (Littin, 2004)

Montana Tongue River Surface-Water-Quality Monitoring Network (TRIVER)

Monitoring surface water within or near the Powder River structural basin in northeastern Wyoming and southeastern Montana to characterize water quality in streams draining an area of coalbed natural gas development. (Clark and Mason, 2007)

Nebraska City of Seward (SEWARD) A study of groundwater age and quality was conducted to improve understanding of: (1) travel times from recharge areas to public-supply wells, (2) the effects of geochemical reactions in the aquifer on water quality, and (3) how water quality has changed his-torically in response to land-use practices. (Stanton and others, 2007)

New Mexico Statewide monitoring

National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA)

Topical Study Study Unit Description

Surface-WaterTrends (SWTREND) Central Arizona Basins Ambient resource assessment over decades with a regional and national perspective to evaluate eco-logical conditions and the occurrence, trends, and transport of nutrients and pesticides in rivers and streams. Twenty-five surface-water sites on both medium-sized rivers indicative of a single land use and large rivers that integrate the effects of agricul-tural and urban land use.

Central Nebraska Basins (CNBR)Eastern Iowa BasinsNevada Basin and RangeOzark Plateaus Rio Grande (RIOG)Santa Ana

Appendix 43

Appendix 1. Project support.—Continued

Core funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Central Region Integrated Science Program.

Collection of samples from such a large part of the United States was only possible because of the willingness of personnel working on Federal/State cooperative (COOP) projects, the National Water-Quality Assessment program (NAWQA) , and U.S. Geological Survey/ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Landscape Indicators (EPALIPS) project to collect an additional water sample. Collection of perchlorate samples was supported as part of the following programs.

National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA)—Continued

Topical Study Study Unit Description

Agricultural Chemical Transport (ACT)

Central Nebraska Basins A study to (1) understand the links between the sources of water and agricultural chemicals (nutrients and pesticides) and their behavior and transport through the environment; (2) predict the behavior and transport of water and agricultural chemicals in other agricultural areas not being studied; and (3) evalu-ate what the study results mean for management of water and water quality in a variety of agricultural settings. (Fredrick and others, 2006)

Transport of Anthropogenic and Natu-ral Contaminants Study (TANC)

Central Nebraska Basins Study of the hydrogeology and geochemistry of the High Plains aquifer in a 42-square-mile study area at York, Nebraska that contains the zone of contri-bution to a public supply well (PSW). Data were used to describe factors controlling the transport of selected anthropogenic and natural contaminants to PSWs. (Landon and others, 2008)

Groundwater trends South Platte River Basin

Topical Study Description

High Plains Regional Ground Water Study (HPGW)

Water quality of the High Plains aquifer was assessed for the period 1999-2004 through a strati-fied, nested group of studies designed to assess linkages between the quality of water recharg-ing the aquifer, the effect of transport through the hydrologic system on water quality, and the quality of the resource used for human consumption and agricultural applications. (McMahon and others, 2007)

USGS/USEPA Landscape Indicators Project (EPALIPS)

Water Science Centers Description

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin

There were 110 third order streams draining agricultural watersheds in 10 corn-belt States that were sampled in September 2004 during base flow when most streamflow was derived from groundwater discharge. Samples collected at base flow integrated the water quality of a water-shed over temporal and geographical scales.

Publishing support provided by:Rolla Publishing Service Center

For more information concerning this publication, contact:Director, USGS Iowa Water Science Center400 South Clinton Street, Room 269Iowa City, IA 52240(319) 337–4191

Or visit the Iowa Water Science Center Web site at:http://ia.water.usgs.gov

Kalkhoff and others—Perchlorate D

ata for Streams and G

roundwater in Selected A

reas of the United States, 2004—

Data Series 495

Date post:	01-Aug-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	phamdieu
View:	229 times
Download:	0 times