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Performance Analysis of RIPv2 protocol in
Wired Network Using Cisco Packet Tracer
Jaswinder Kumar1,Samiksha
2,Amandeep Kaur
3,Harsukhpreet singh
4
CT Institute of Technology & Research, Maqsudan, Jalandhar
[email protected]
Abstract- In this research performance of RIPv2
Protocol is optimized using enhanced routing
parameter like routing Update, convergence time,
invalid timer, hold timer, Flushout timer .By review
of RIP protocol the researcher use these value as
30sec update Timer, 180 sec invalid timer and 180
sec hold timer and 240 sec flushout timer, which
result in low QoS and slow routing. This research
paper mainly focuses on to optimize above
mentioned Routing Parameter to enhance QoS
parameter and make RIP Protocol routing fast.
Keywords: CISCO, RIP, RIPv1, RIPv2, EIGRP and
OSPF
I.INTRODUCTION
Internetworking stands for the interconnection of two
or more computers for sharing of data and other
information by devices such as routers and switches.
A network is said to be established if two or more
computers are sharing data or resources such as
scanner, printer etc between them and internet
protocol are principles and rules by which the data is
to be send through routers. In internetworking, routing
plays very significant role in moving packets from
LAN to WAN and vice versa. It also provides a best
path for IP Packet to reach at the destination it occurs
at network layer 3 of the OSI model. Router works at
network layer of the OSI model and used to route IP
packets to destination networks. This is possible as
router used routing technique like static, default and
dynamic routing. Static and default routing is
configure by administrator manually. In dynamic
routing, router used various routing protocol such as
RIPv1, RIPv2, EIGRP and OSPF etc. Basically router
performed routing to create a routing table and learn
the neighbor route information
II.TYPES OF ROUTING –There are mainly two
methods for create a routing table-
A. Static B Dynamic routing
A. STATIC ROUTING- In computer networking, the
word static means manually. So in process
administrator configure each router interface
manually. So routing table is created, update and
maintained by administrator manually, in this process
router will not share our routing information with
each other thus it reduced CPU/RAM overhead so as
the result bandwidth is saved.
B. DYNAMIC ROUTING- In this routing, router learn
all the routing update and other information with help
of using routing protocol like RIPv1, RIPv2, EIGRP
and OSPF etc. We will configure dynamic routing on
each router with the help of RIPv2 protocol.
ROUTING INFORMATION PROTOCOL (RIP)
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a standards-
based, distance-vector, interior gateway protocol used
by routers to trade routing information. RIP uses hop
count to find out the best path between two locations.
Hop count is the number of routers the packet must
go through till it reaches the destination network. The
maximum allowable number of hops a packet can go
across in an IP network implementing RIP is 15 hops.
Routing information protocol is a distance vector
protocol that works like a buzz. Routers using RIP
publicize information about each subnet to their
neighbors. Their neighbor in turn passes the
information to the nearby neighbors of their own and
so on until all the routers are alert of information. Rip
was first developed in 1969. It exists in three versions
RIPv1, RIPv2, RIPng.RIP works well in small
networks, but it's ineffective on large networks with
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slow WAN links or on networks with a large number
of routers installed.
In a RIP network, each router broadcasts its entire
RIP table to its neighboring routers every 30 seconds.
When a router receives a neighbor's RIP table, it uses
the information provided to update its own routing
table and then sends the updated table to its
neighbors.
Table1 shows the dissimilarity and table2 shows
similarities between RIPv1 and RIPv2. By default
RIPv1 has been used on routers because RIPv1 has
limitation that it supports classfull IP. So it is not
being used in classless IP.
S. No. RIPv1 RIPv2
1. Classful protocol Classes
protocol
2. It does not send subnet
mask with route update
It send subnet
mask with
update
3. It use broadcast IP
255.255.255.255 to send
update
It used
multicast IP
224.0.0.9 to
send update
4. It does not support CIDR
and VLSM
It support CIDR
and VLSM
TABLEI. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RIPv1 AND RIPv2
S.No. Parameter RIPv1 RIPv2
1. Distance vector
protocol
Yes Yes
2. Hop count Up to 15 Up to 15
3. Split horizon Present Present
4. Poison reverse Yes Yes
TABLEII SIMILARITIES BETWEEN RIPv1 and RIPv2
RIP uses only hop count to decide the best path to a
remote network; it sends the entire routing table out
to all active interfaces every 30 seconds. It has to
send whole packet and entire routing information up
to 15 hops. After 15 hops packet will be dropped as it
does not provide any information after 15 hops.
FEATURES OF RIP:
1) MULTICASTING: RIPv2 supports multicasting
beside the broadcast updates by RIPv1 to distribute
the routing information.
2) TRIGGERED UPDATES: When a route fails. It
does not wait for the next periodic update. It
immediately sends trigger update for the listed failed
route. The updates are sending to share its routing
information with the neighbor, whenever a change
occurs.
3) CLASSLESS PROTOCOLS: It supports Variable
length subnet masking (VLSM) that enables to afford
more than 1 subnet mask value. These protocols are
known to class A, B and C network only. RIPv1 is a
Classfull addressing protocol.
4) AUTHENTICATION: It allows you to select the
routers that contribute in RIPv2. The process of
validation is done by administrator.
RIP three types of messages which are:
1) HELLO MESSAGE: These messages are send to
alert neighbor routers about the existence of the
respective router. It helps in creating neighbourships.
2) UPDATE MESSAGE: These messages are send
by a router to update other and helps in trading
information regarding the routing table.
3) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT MESSAGE: This
message is used for acknowledgement to swap
information between two routers.
RIP uses 4 timers to regulate its performance and
keep track of the a range of routes linked.
1) ROUTER UPDATE TIMER: The default router
updates its routing table information after 30 second.
2) ROUTE INVALID TIMER: The default router
unacceptable timer value is 180 second .This periods
specify that after this period router acknowledges a
route as invalid. This happen only when router does
not exchange any neighbor routing update
information from route for that period.
3) HOLD DOWN TIMER: The default value of hold
down timer is also 180 seconds.
4) ROUTE FLUSH TIMER: The default router flush
timer value is 240 seconds. After 180 second of
invalid timer when router states a route as invalid,
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router wait till next 60 seconds. After 60 second it
flushes out to the route from the routing table.
RELATED WORK
Fatima A.H. et al.(2011) has evaluated Performance
Comparison of Two Dynamic Routing Protocols: RIP
and OSPF using Network Simulator (NS2) to obtain
the performance results of the two classes using
different metrics such as throughput, packet delay
and packet loss. Results of the simulation show that
OSPF has a better performance than RIP in terms of
average throughput and packet delay in different
network sizes.
Gundalwar P.R. et al.(2013) have discuss issues from
the basic working concept of a RIP to experimental
setup used in IP networks using OPNET IT Guru
Academic Edition Simulator, stability features,
message formats etc.He concluded that RIP works
unusual with different sense regarding failure or no
failure in the network. We compare RIP with other
Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) for comparison in
future work.
Adhikari J. (2013) has analyzed the performance of
Protocols RIP & EIGRP using GNS3 Software. He
compared that both the protocols & concluded that the
EIGRP protocol is better than RIP protocol.
Shah A. et al. (2013) evaluated the comparison of RIP
and OSPF protocols on the basis of convergence,
traffic and CPU utilization by changing special
parameters within network using OPNET as
simulating tool. They have concluded that OSPF
network convergence is faster as compare to RIP
convergence
Vetriselvan V. et al. (2014) surveyed the Performance
evaluation of various routing protocols. With certain
criteria’s like Jitter, Convergence Time, end to end
delay, etc.They have conclude that EIGRP has better
than OSPF.
Sonam .et al.(2014) have analyzed that fastest Ftp
download response time IS-IS should be preferred for
800 and 1000 packets whereas slowest response is
obtained by RIP protocol.
Kumar J. et al. (2013) have analyzed performance
analysis between static and dynamic routing using
CISCO packet tracer. They have concluded that
dynamic routing is better than static routing for a
large network.
III. SIMULATION AND SETUP
Fig2.1 Simulation of dynamic routing in Cisco packet tracer
Fig.1-A shows the simulation of dynamic routing
using RIPv2 protocol in Cisco packet tracer. We have
developed a simulation networking model consist of
Cisco router, switches and make a physical
connection by connecting cable to serial and fast
Ethernet by using simulation tool Cisco packet tracer
Version 5.3.
Configuring CISCO Router- After implementation of
physical model we are required to configuring of
network with static routing means we are configure all
router interface manually. Router will be configure in
two ways-
1.GUI(Graphical User Interface)- With GUI we
simply configure router by clicking the router then
click configuration and then selected which type of
configuration you want to configure as shown in
fig.2.2
Fig.2.2 GUI to add network routes to static routing
2. CLI (command line interface) mode – In this
mode, we can configure static routing with the of
various command
IV. SIMULATION CODE
Code used in Cisco packet tracer is given below:-
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interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
interface Serial0/0/0
ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
!
interface Serial0/0/1
ip address 11.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
!
interface Serial0/1/0
ip address 15.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
!
interface Serial0/1/1
ip address 19.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
!
interface Vlan1
no ip address
shutdown
!
So these commands are implemented in all router
interfaces. In this way we can implement all
internetwork so that all router interface ping with each
other but they cannot transmit the packet.
TABLE III CHECK DIRECTLY CONNECTED ROUTER
INTERFACE
We have implemented routing technique dynamic
routing.
TABLE IV CONFIGURE AND DECRIPTION OF RIPV2
ROUTING PROTOCOL IN CLI MODE
Table IV shows that how to configure dynamic route
using CLI mode and gives the description of various
commands used in static routing
4. SIMULATION
TABLE V CHECK ROUTER INTERFACE STATUS
TABLE V shows up status of router interface show that
router are configure properly and they work properly.
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TABLE VI CONFIGURE RIPV2 COMMAND
TABLE VI shows that how to configure dynamic route
(RIPv2) using CLI mode and gives the description of
various commands used in dynamic routing
TABLE XII CHECK RIP ROUTE ON ROUTER 1
TABLE XII shows that RIPv2 protocol (dynamic
routing) enable in Router5. “R” indicates that RIP
route has been implementing in Router1
The results of simulation are shown below :
TABLE XIII Show the Existing Results of RIP Protocol
TABLE XIII Shows that existing results of RIP protocol
having update timer 30 sec means router 1 send
routing update to neighbours router every 30 sec,
Invalid timer is 180 sec, hold timer is 180 sec and
flushed out timer is 240 sec. so it take more time for
all routing update than other routing protocol like
EIGRP and OSPF etc.
TABLE XIV Show the Simulation Results of RIP
Protocol
TABLE XIV shows that simulation Results of RIP
Protocol having update timer is 15 sec means router
1 send routing update to neighbours router every 15
sec, invalid timer is 60 sec ,hold timer is also 60 sec
and flushed out timer is 80 sec etc.
TABLE XV Show the both existing and Simulation of
Results RIP Protocol
This table compares the parameter of RIP Protocol
with existing and new simulation result and
concluded that new result provide less time for
exchanging routing information between the
neighbouring router in the LAN network
6. CONCLUSIONS
After the simulation, the parameter of RIP protocol
has 15 sec update timer so router send routing update
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Update Timer
Hold Timer
Invalid Timer
Flushout Timer
Existing
Results
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every 15 sec between neighbours router which is fast
as compare to existing result, invalid timer is 60 sec
than 180 sec for existing result, hold timer also 60 se c
than 180 sec and also flushed out timer is 80 sec than
existing result so convergence time of routing
information is reduced. So the performance of RIPv2
protocol is enhanced by three times improved then
existing results. So it becomes a faster routing
protocol in LAN network. But it is not used in WAN
network because after 16 hops have infinite route
problem is occurs which cannot be eliminated.
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