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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF
37 WATT STANDALONE
SPV SYSTEM
Under the Guidance of :- Dr. Arbind Kumar (Mechanical Department)
Presented by :- Chandra Mohan
Kumar MT/ET/10013/2012
OUTLINE Introduction
Objective of thesis work
System under consideration
Labeled Diagram of the system
Specification of the System
Methodology
Performance Evaluation Index
Conclusion
References
INTRODUCTION A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing
concern about shortage of conventional energy reserves as
well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to
renewable energy sources. Dependence on these fossil fuel
resources is still on the incline due to high load growth and
high rate of industrialization and economic development.
The Solar energy is one of the most significant sources of
renewable energy. In one hour the Earth receives enough
energy from the Sun to meet its needs for nearly a year.
Photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion is often described as
the direct conversion of solar radiation into electricity, by
means of the photovoltaic effect
Photovoltaic cell - is a semiconductor device that directly converts the solar energy into electric energy.
Photovoltaic module -A solar PV module can be consider as an array of several solar cell connected in series and parallel with large voltage and current output than a single solar cell.
Stand-alone photovoltaic power systems are
electrical power systems energized by
photovoltaic panels which are independent of the
utility grid.
Stand-alone PV systems are also called
autonomous PV systems which are independent
Photovoltaic systems. They are normally used in
remote or isolated places where the electric
supply from the power-grid is unavailable.
Element included in stand alone system
Solar panel
Charge controller
Battery
inverter
Objective of the present work
Objective of my thesis work is to validate the Performance of 37 watt SPV module for use in standalone SPV system.
SYSTEM UNDER CONSIDERATION
Halogen lamp
Solar panel
Fig : Halogen radiation and PV module
LABELED DIAGRAM
Plotter boxControl Board
Fig : control board and plotter
SPECIFICATION OF SYSTEM
Rated power 37 watt
Voltage at maximum power
( Vmp)
16.56 V
Current at maximum power
(Imp)
2.25 A
Open circuit current (Isc) 2.55 A
Total number of cells in series 36
Total number of cells in
parallel
1
METHODOLOGYHalogen light used for radiation instead of sun
radiation.
Radiation from halogen is equivalent to sun
radiation1000 w/m^2.
Radiation are falling on solar panels.
Solar panels are connected to control board .
Through control board (logger device) i. Voltageii. currentiii. DC loadiv. AC load
v. Inverter I/P ,I/P current and powervi. Battery current , voltage and power
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM
I-V and P-V characteristics of module at different and radiation and Temperature.
I-V and P-V characteristics of two modules are connected in and Series and parallel
Effect of shading on I-V & P-V characteristic of module
Working of Bypass diode when two 37 watt module are connected in series .
Power flow of stand-alone PV system of DC load with battery.
Power flow calculation of SPV system of AC load with battery.
Calculation of inverter efficiency Evaluate the Fill factor, Maximum power output
And efficiency of module.
EVALUATION INDEX P-V characteristics of 37 watt module in Halogen irradiation
Irradiation - 550W/m2 , Temperature- 33( c
Voltage Current Power0 0.44 0
5.9 0.43 2.5316.1 0.35 5.63519.3 0.21 4.0519.6 0.15 2.9419.7 0.11 2.1620 0 0
EVALUATION INDEX
I-V characteristic of 37 watt module in Halogen light
Irradiation – 550 W/m2 , Temperature - 33( c
Voltage Current Power0 0.44 0
5.9 0.43 2.5316.1 0.35 5.63519.3 0.21 4.0519.6 0.15 2.9419.7 0.11 2.1620 0 0
EVALUATION INDEX
P-V characteristic of 37 watt module in Sun Radiation
Irradiation – 1200 W/m2 , Temperature - 33( c
Voltage Current Power0 2.37 0
17.6 1.39 24.88118.8 0.86 16.16819 0.69 13.11
19.5 0.21 4.09519.6 0.14 2.74419.6 0.1 1.9619.6 0 0
EVALUATION INDEX P-V characteristic of 37 watt module in Sun Radiation
Irradiation – 1200 W/m2 , Temperature - 33( c
Voltage Current Power0 2.37 0
17.6 1.39 24.88118.8 0.86 16.16819 0.69 13.11
19.5 0.21 4.09519.6 0.14 2.74419.6 0.1 1.9619.6 0 0
EVALUATION INDEX P-V and I-V characteristic of Parallel and series connected 37
watt PV module , Halogen irradiation, Radiation – 550w/m2 , Temperature - 33( c
Is Vs Ps Ip Vp Pp
0.39 0 0 0.88 0.2 0.176
0.37 7.8 2.886 0.63 18.2 11.466
0.34 20.5 6.97 0.31 19.1 5.921
0.3 31.4 9.42 0.22 19.2 4.224
0.26 37 9.62 0.16 19.3 3.088
0.22 37.8 8.316 0.14 19.3 2.702
0 38.1 0 0 19.4 0
P-V curve of Series and Parallel connected module :Intensity 550 w/m^2
I-V CURVE OF PARALLEL AND SERIES CONNECTED
MODULE
EVALUATION INDEX P-V and I-V characteristic of Parallel and series connected 37
watt PV module , Sun irradiation, Radiation – 1200w/m2 , Temperature - 33( c
Is Vs Ps Ip Vp Pp
2.26 0 1.356 4.69 0 0
1.23 36.3 44.649 3.43 14.5 49.73
0.85 37.4 31.79 0.55 19.3 10.61
0.43 38.8 16.512 0.3 19.5 5.85
0.25 38.8 9.7 0.13 19.5 2.53
0 39 0 0 19.6 0
2.26 0 1.356 4.69 0 0
P-V curve of Series and Parallel connected module :Intensity 1200 w/m^2
I-V CURVE OF PARALLEL AND SERIES CONNECTED MODULE
Terminolgy contd…
Effect of shading on P-V curve of moduleIrradiation- 550w/m2, Temperature- 33( c
No cell shaded Two cell shaded Nine cell shaded
Voltage Current Power Voltage current power Voltage current power
19.4 0.08 1.552 6.7 0.02 0.134 2.8 0 0
19.3 0.13 2.509 5.4 0.03 0.162 2 0 0
19.1 0.17 3.247 4.6 0.03 0.138 1.6 0 0
18.7 0.23 4.301 4 0.03 0.129 1.1 0 0
17 0.31 5.27 3.2 0.04 0.125 0.8 0 0
11.5 0.33 3.795 2.3 0.05 0.115 0.8 0 0
6.7 0.36 2.412 1.2 0.06 0.072 0.5 0 0
0 0.38 0 0 0.07 0 0 0 0
Terminolgy contd…
Effect of shading on P-V curve of moduleIrradiation- 550w/m2, Temperature- 33( c
Terminolgy contd…
Effect of shading on P-V curve of moduleIrradiation- 1200 w/m2 , Temperature- 44( c
NO CELL SHADED TWO CELL SHADED NINE CELL SHADED
I V P I V P I V P
2.44 0 0 0.15 0 0 0.06 0 0
1.17 18.5 21.64 0.11 2.6 0.286 0.06 2.1 0.21
0.68 19 12.92 0.1 4.2 0.42 0.06 3.9 0.23
0.56 19.2 10.75 0.09 6.2 0.558 0.06 6.2 0.37
0.33 19.5 6.43 0.08 8.7 0.696 0.05 8.1 0.4
0.17 19.7 3.34 0.07 14.3 1 0.05 10.4 0.52
0 19.8 0 0 16.2 0 0 13.4 0
Terminolgy contd…
Effect of shading on P-V curve of moduleIrradiation- 1200w/m2 , Temperature- 44( c
without bypass diode with diode
I V P I V P
0 0 0 0.39 0 0
0 0 0 0.36 9.3 3.348
0 0 0 0.28 17 4.76
0 0 0 0.18 17.8 3.204
0 0 0 0.13 18 2.34
0 0 0 0.11 18.1 1.991
0 0 0 0.09 18.2 1.638
0 0 0 0 18.2 1.456
P-V curve of module in Halogen light Irradiation- 550w/m2 , Temperature - 33( c
without bypass diode with diode
I V P I V P
0 0 0 2.37 0 0
0 0 0 1.39 17.6 24.881
0 0 0 0.86 18.8 16.168
0 0 0 0.69 19 13.11
0 0 0 0.21 19.5 4.095
0 0 0 0.14 19.6 2.744
0 0 0 0.1 19.6 1.96
0 0 0 0 19.6 0
P-V curve of module in solarIrradiation-1200w/m2 , Temperature - 43( c
POWER FLOW OF STAND-ALONE PV SYSTEM OF DC LOAD WITH BATTERY
Module
Array current
Array voltage
Array power
Load current
Load voltage
Load power
Battery current
Battery voltage
Battery power
Single module
0.33 12.4 5.991 0.403 12.5 5.037 0.076 12.5 0.95
Parallel module
0.85 13.1 10.708 0.404 13.1 5.2924 0.44 12.2 5.368
Array power = DC Load power + Battery power + power loss by charge controller
= 5.037 + 0.95 + 0.0484 = 5.991watt (Single module)
And from table, For parallel connected module = 10.708 watt
POWER FLOW CALCULATION OF SPV SYSTEM OF AC LOAD WITH BATTERY
Module
Array current
Array voltage
Array power
Inverter i/p current
inverter i/p voltage
Inverter i/p power
Battery current
Battery voltage
Battery power
Single module
0.14 12.1 10.246 0.695 12 8.34 0.546 12.1 6.606Parallel module
0.31 12.1 12.442 0.665 12.1 8.0465 0.36 12.2 4.392
Array power = Inverter input power + Battery power + loss due to charge controller
= 8.046 + 4.392 + 0.048 = 12.48 watt
CALCULATION OF INVERTER EFFICIENCY
Module Configuration
Inverter I/P current
Inverter I/P voltage
Inverter I/Ppower
AC Load current
AC Load voltage
ACLoad power
Inverter efficiency
Single Module 0.726 11.8 8.5668 0.023 232 5.336 62.28
Parallel connected Module 0.656 12.1 7.9376 0.022 234 5.148 64.85
Inverter efficiency = (AC load power* 100) / inverter input power = (5.148* 100) / 7.937
= 65%
CONCLUSION1. The module characteristics i.e. I-V and P-V curve obtained for the module sample is in accordance with the theoretical characteristics of PV module.2. The series and parallel combination of PV module and their characteristics is also found in accordance with the standard performance curve of a reference module.3. The FF factor – 60%,Maximum power output of module in halogen irradiation- 5.63watt , and Maximum power output in solar irradiation - 24.88 watt,Efficiency of module in halogen irradiation – 5.10% and in Solar radiation -12%.4.The effect of shading on SPV module also justified the standard pattern.5.The efficiency of inverter is 65% ,which is closed to the efficiency of a standard inverter considering the same intensity of radiation.
REFERENCES
.Solanki C. S.,”Solar Photovoltaic Fundamental Technology and Application”,PHI Pvt Ltd.2009.
.Khan.B.H., “ Non-conventional energy resources”, Pvt Ltd.2009.
.S. Haykins , “Neural Networks: A comprehensive Foundation”, Prentice Hall International 1999.
.Seizing and designing a stand alone pv electricity generation system, ISBN-978-1-4577-1280-7, BY-P.SUNDRAM