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Performance-enhancing drugs in sports DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/ P. Van Eenoo
Performance-enhancing drugs insports
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
P. Van Eenoo
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
The list – concentrations (1)
- Prohibited substances and methods: OOC-“Non-approved” substances-Anabolic Agents (0.2 – 5 ng/ml) -Hormones and related-b2-agonists (0.2 – 20 ng/ml)-Hormone antagonists and modulators (20 ng/ml)-Diuretics and masking agents (2-200 ng/ml)-M1: improving O2-transport-M2: Chemical and physical manipulation-M3: Gene doping
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
The list – concentrations (2)
- Prohibited substances and methods: IC-everything OOC-Stimulants (100 ng/ml)-Narcotics (10-250 ng/ml)-Cannabinoids (1-7.5 ng/ml)-Glucocorticosteroids (30 ng/ml)
- Prohibited substances in particular sports: IC-Alcohol
-Beta-blockers (100 ng/ml)
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
S1. Anabolic Agents
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
Anabolic Agents
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
• Exogenous anabolic steroids• Endogenous anabolic steroids• Other anabolic agents• Examples:‣stanozolol, boldenone, trenbolone, methyltestosteron, THG, etc.‣testosterone, DHEA, androstenedione, norandrosterone‣clenbuterol, zilpaterol, zeranol, SARMs
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
Side-effects?
een b
c d
• men: getting more feminine• women: masculinisationOther side-effects: Acne (a)
Liver cysts (b)
Shrinking of testis (c)
Gynaecomastia (d)
Degeneration of the skeletal system Cardiovascular disturbances Deepening of the voice (women)
Beard growth (women) baldness (man) Increased aggressiveness (a) Melnik, Jansen & Grabbe (2007): J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 5
(2):110-117. © by courtesy van Wiley-Blackwell(b, c) Kistler (2006): Dissertation, LMU, München(d) Prof. Dr. F. Beuker, Düsseldorf
SARMs
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
Non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulators
Aryl-propionamide based SARMS:-Pharmaceutical Industry: Clinical trials
-OstarineTM : Clinical trial Phase IIb (GTx, Inc)
World Anti-Doping AgencyProhibited List 2008
Doping Control laboratories:-Synthesis, characterisation method development -Thevis et al. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 20 (2006) 870-876
-In-vitro metabolism- Kuuranne et al. Drug Metab Disposit 36 (2008) 571-581
SARMs
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
2009
Aryl-propionamide based SARMS:-“research chemicals”/”nutritional supplements”
Thevis et al. Drug testing and analysis 1 (2009) 387-392
SARMs
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
S2. Peptide hormones, growth factors andrelated substances
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
S2. Peptide hormones, growth factors andrelated substances
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
• Erythropoietine (EPO) and analogues‣Stimulate production of RBC – endurance ↑‧EPO (α, β, d, γ, κ, λ, ω, θ, z)‧Darbepoetin-a (NESP, CRESP, analogues)‧CERA (methoxy polyethyleneglycol-epoietin β)‧EPO-Fc
‣Increased blood viscosity, risk of high bloodpressure and blood cloths
S2. Peptide hormones, growth factors andrelated substances
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
S2. EPO
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
• exogenous vs endogenous
BRP+NESP huEPO BRP+NESP a+b-EPO NESP a-EPO -EPO DYNEPO -EPO BRP+NESP
Blood Passport
Blood parameters UCI-HCT and Hgb
- > 50 % and > 17 g/dl (♂) ; 47 % and 16 g/dl (♀)
-%reticulocytes (<0,20 %)
-Stimulation index = Hb (g/l) - 60 √ reti (%)- > 133 (♂) ; 123 (♀)
-Total Hgb MassPromer N et al. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37 (2005) S64
Scumacher YO et al. Clin. J. Sport Med 18 (2008) 172-173
-Blood paspoort
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
- Blood passport- Individual reference values-Bayesian model
- Expert interpretation-3 experts-Extensive knowledge of
-Hematology-Sports fysiology-Etc
-Independent interpretation-Taking into account all arguments of athlete!-Same conclusion-Doping scenario
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
Blood Passport
S2. Peptide hormones, growth factors andrelated substances
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
• hCG and LH‣In males (only)‧To stimulate endogenous production of steroids
‣♂: allergy, nausea, gynaecomastia
‣Possible production by (testicular) carcinoma
S2. Peptide hormones, growth factors andrelated substances
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
• hCG and LH‣In males (only)‧To stimulate endogenous production of steroids
‣♂: allergy, nausea, gynaecomastia
‣Possible production by (testicular) carcinoma
S2. Peptide hormones, growth factors andrelated substances
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
• Growth hormone and insuline growth factors‣Muscle growth/Recovery
‣Cardiovascular diseases‣Abnormal bone growth‣Muscle and joint pain‣Creutzfeld-Jakob
S2. Peptide hormones, growth factors andrelated substances
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
• Insuline‣Induction of production of HGH‣Hypoglycemie, hypothermie, infarct
• Corticotropines (ACTH)‣Increase in prodcution of endogenous
corticosteroids/Euphoria
‣Osteoporosis, water retention,…
M1 Manipulation of blood and bloodcomponents
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
1. The administration or reintroduction of any quantity of autologous, allogenic (homologous)or heterologous blood or red blood cellproducts of any origin into the circulatorysystem
M1 Manipulation of blood and bloodcomponents
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
2. Artificially enhancing the uptake, transport ordelivery of oxygenIncluding, but not limited to
perfluorochemicals
efaproxiral (RSR13)
modified haemoglobin products (e.g. haemoglobin-based bloodsubstitutes, microencapsulated haemoglobin products)
excluding supplemental oxygen
M1 Manipulation of blood and bloodcomponents
DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
• 3. Any form of intravascular manipulation ofthe blood or blood components by physical orchemical means
Thanks to…
- All colleagues @ DoCoLab-
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DoCoLab – Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences – GE06 http://www.DoCoLab.UGent.be/
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