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Performance Products JEFFSOL® GC Glycerine Carbonate in Beauty & Personal Care

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Introduction

At Huntsman we are dedicated to sustainable chemistry and are committed to identifying new opportunities

to use our expertise to help address the world's most pressing environmental needs. Leveraging our core

competencies, which include synthesis and formulation, testing and analysis, process manufacturing

technology and technical service, we can develop sustainable products that benefit our customers,

consumers and the planet as a whole.

Historically, Huntsman's raw materials originated from the petroleum refining industry. Increasingly however,

core ingredients for differentiated chemicals are obtained from bio-based sources. An example of a bio-

based feedstock is nature’s most abundant triol, glycerine – a co-product from the manufacture of oleo-

chemicals and bio-diesel.

Milder, safer, more sustainable personal care products are becoming progressively more popular, leading

our Performance Products team to develop a new, biodegradable, low toxicity solvent manufactured from

glycerine and utilizing >73% renewable resources.

With unique properties, JEFFSOL® GC glycerine carbonate is helping to redefine the industry standard for

non-aqueous personal care solvents. Mild to the skin and with negligible trans-dermal penetration it can

simultaneously act as an emollient, delivering a moisturising effect.

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Additional information JEFFSOL® GC INCI name Hydroxypropylene carbonate Function Solvent Appearance at 25°C Liquid Flash point Greater than 190°C VOC No: 1999/13/EC (Vapor pressure)/ 2004/42/EC (Boiling point)

Typical composition % Assay 98.5 Glycerol 2.0 Water 0.05 pH 4.0 – 6.5

Benefits and features JEFFSOL® GC Glycerine carbonate is part of a range of cyclic carbonates manufactured by Huntsman Performance Products which includes JEFFSOL® PC propylene carbonate and JEFFSOL® BC butylene carbonate.

• Mildness: Glycerine carbonate is not classified as hazardous under EU CLP and combines low toxicity with low potential to cause skin and eye irritation, particularly when compared to other commonly used solvents.

• Not flammable: Glycerine carbonate is not flammable and you therefore may find less applicable requirements with respect to the manufacture of formulations and reducing labelling obligations for finished products.

• Low volatility: Glycerine carbonate is stable, lowering impact on production facilities and reducing risk to

end-users.

• Biodegradability: Glycerine carbonate is readily biodegradable and is derived from natural sources thereby reducing environmental impact during the disposal of formulated products.

Low toxicity, low odour and low flammability combined with good moisturizing features means JEFFSOL® GC glycerine carbonate is optimal as an emollient and solvent in many personal care applications.

Low toxicity and non-irritating to the skin with minimal trans-dermal penetration, it is suited to formulations where an exceptionally mild solvent with potential moisturising effects would be beneficial, such as make-up removers and wipes, and in the dissolution of UV filters. The use of glycerine as a renewably sourced raw material, combined with the high biodegradability and low toxicity of JEFFSOL® GC glycerine carbonate, may also help improve a finished product’s sustainability profile.

Except where stated otherwise, graphs, results and features are obtained in Huntsman's test environment.

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Trans-dermal skin penetration

Hydrolysis rate of JEFFSOL® GC 50% in water, pH 5.5 – 6.0

The diagram below shows a comparison of actual trans-dermal penetration values for several solvents commonly used in personal care applications. This data clearly suggests that cyclic carbonates in general have minimal skin penetration and that of these, glycerine carbonate has the lowest absorption rate.

Glycerine carbonate tends to slowly hydrolyse in aqueous solutions, producing glycerine and carbon dioxide. This hydrolysis is both pH and temperature dependent. Although the rate of hydrolysis is not rapid at neutral pH and an ambient temperature (see below), and the resulting products are relatively innocuous, this should nevertheless be considered during application development and, on the basis of our test results, JEFFSOL® GC glycerine carbonate works optimal in non-aqueous formulations.

Suggested applications JEFFSOL® GC in nail polish remover • The effect of glycerine carbonate has been evaluated to compare its added value relative to nail

polish brands currently on the market (one with acetone, one without).

• Two formulation guidelines have been developed using a combination of glycerine carbonate and propylene carbonate along with some ingredients known in the market (methyl ethyl ketone and ethyl lactate).

Good results – including stability, easy removal, no nail dryness, a pleasant odour, softness, and non-flammability – were highlighted in the following formulations: JEFFSOL® GC glycerine carbonate combined with JEFFSOL® PC propylene carbonate and ethyl methyl ketone can provide advantages in terms of softness, dryness and odour (compared to a typical acetone-based formulation). Composition Nail polish removers:

sensory evaluation INCI name Trade name %

Propylene carbonate JEFFSOL® PC 60.00 Hydroxypropylene carbonate JEFFSOL® GC 15.00

Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether 10.00

Ethyl methyl ketone 10.00

Geraniol 0.40

Cinnamyl alcohol 0.30

D&C violet 2 SunCROMA external D&C violet 2 q.s*

Aqua q.s to 100

* quantity sufficient

JEFFSOL® GC glycerine carbonate combined with JEFFSOL® PC propylene carbonate and ethyl lactate can provide advantages when it comes to quickly removing nail polish, softness, non-flammability and dryness. Composition Nail polish removers:

sensory evaluation

INCI name Ingredients % Propylene carbonate JEFFSOL® PC 55.00 Hydroxypropylene carbonate JEFFSOL® GC 15.00

Ethyl lactate 25.00

Geraniol 0.40

Cinnamyl alcohol 0.30

D&C violet 2 SunCROMA external D&C violet 2 q.s*

Aqua q.s to 100

* quantity sufficient

JEFFSOL® GC in Lipsticks JEFFSOL® GC glycerine carbonate has been tested as an additive to check: • spreading effect, • deposit on lips, • advantage of pigment dispersion, • hardness of the stick. JEFFSOL® GC glycerine carbonate can provide advantages into lipstick formulation by leaving less oily residue on lips. Composition Lipstick sensory

evaluation

INCI name Ingredients % Simmondsia chinensis seed oil Jojoba oil 7.50

Soybean Glycerides LIPEX® L’sens 6.40

Candelilla Cera Candelilla wax 8.40

Copernicia Cerifera Cera Camauba wax 8.40

Cera Alba Yellow beeswax 3.90 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride TEGOSOFT® CT Up to 100

Hydroxypropylene carbonate JEFFSOL® GC 9.90

D&C Red 6 Ba Lake Synthetic Wax Dispersion

Synthetic Dispersion SWD4512 6.0

Hexyldecanol EUTANOL® G 16 8.0 Fragrance Orchid 107745 q.s* 100

* quantity sufficient

Lipstick resistance Consumers using lipstick expect that the product do not bend, crumble, crack or break during application on the lips. It is important to select the correct ingredients in order to formulate a lipstick which has enough rigidity to withstand firm application to the lips by the user. A texture analyser has been used to measure the hardness and the stiffness of the two lipstick formulations: a product with JEFFSOL® GC glycerine carbonate and a product without JEFFSOL®GC.

Texture Analyser with Lipstick Cantilever Rig (TA.XTPlus Stable Micro Systems)

INCI name Trade name With

JEFFSOL®GC %

Without JEFFSOL®GC

% Simmondsia chinensis seed oil Jojoba oil 7.50 7.50

Soybean Glycerides Lipex® L’sens 6.40 6.40

Candelilla Cera Candelilla wax 8.40 8.40 Copernicia Cerifera Cera Camauba wax 8.40 8.40

Cera Alba Yellow beeswax 3.90 3.90 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride Tegosoft® CT Up to 100 Up to 100

Hydroxypropylene carbonate JEFFSOL® GC 9.90 -

D&C Red 6 Ba Lake Synthetic Wax Dispersion

Synthetic Dispersion SWD4512

6.0 6.0

Hexyldecanol Eutanol® G 16 8.0 8.0

Fragrance Orchid 107745 q.s* q.s 100 100

* quantity sufficient

The formulation with JEFFSOL® GC glycerine carbonate has highlighted a higher maximum force and a higher gradient of slope meaning that the product has a better hardness and stiffness than the product without JEFFSOL® GC.

JEFFSOL® GC in anti-perspirant sticks Manufacturers of roll-on deodorant products face challenges when it comes to the active ingredients used to achieve anti-perspirant effects, and the non-aqueous properties of a formulation. Emollients are used in deodorant sticks to improve the: • Solubilization of anti-perspirant active ingredients to counteract or even prevent white stains and

residues on clothes • Sensory aspect and skin feel of anti-perspirant products after application. The formulation

INCI Name Trade name 2.5%

JEFFSOL®GC AP STICK

LAB REFERENCE MARKET BRAND

Cyclopentasiloxane Xiameter® PMX-0245 Up to 100 Up to 100

Cyclomethicone, aluminum zirconium

tetrachlorohydrex gly, PPG-14 butyl ether,

stearyl alcohol, hydrogenated castor oil,

talc, perfume, cornstarch modified,

mannitol, bht

Aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrex gly Summit AZP 908 24 24

PPG-14 butyl ether Tegosoft® PBE 15 15

Stearyl alcohol Tego Alkanol 18 15.5 15.5

Hydrogenated castor oil - 3.5 3.5

Hydroxypropylene carbonate JEFFSOL® GC 2.5 -

0,00

100,00

200,00

300,00

400,00

500,00

600,00

700,00

Hardness (Maximum Force g) Stiffness (Gradient of slope g/mm)

Lipstick hardness and stiffness

With JEFFSOL®GC

Without JEFFSOL®GC

Conclusions Deodorant sticks containing glycerine carbonate left significantly less residue than the other two anti-perspirants that were tested. The ‘less white residue’ effect was more differentiated over time as the cyclopentasiloxane evaporated.

Five minutes later after application, same amount applied.

2.5% JEFFSOL® GC AP STICK

LAB REFERENCE

MARKET BRAND

www.huntsman.com/performance_products

American Headquarters Huntsman Performance Products 10003 Woodloch Forest Drive The Woodlands Texas 77380, USA Tel: +1 800 235 9107 Fax: +1 800 831 1782 Asia Pacific Headquarters Huntsman Performance Products 150 Beach Road #37-00 Gateway West Singapore 189720 Tel: +65 6297 3363 Fax: +65 6298 8606 European Headquarters Huntsman Performance Products Everslaan 45 3078 Everberg Belgium Tel: +32 (0)2 758 9211 Fax: +32 (0)2 75 89946 FOR YOUR PROTECTION Warning: Each manufacturer and user of Huntsman products should determine whether there are potential hazards in a specific application and take the necessary precautions. Huntsman Corporation only warrants that its products meet the specifications stated in an agreed sales contract between Huntsman and Huntsman’s customer. Typical properties, where stated, are to be considered as representative of current production and should not be treated as specifications. While all the information presented in this document is believed to be reliable and to represent the best available data on these products, HUNTSMAN MAKES NO WARRANTY OR GUARANTEE OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT OF ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT OF ANY THIRD PARTY, OR WARRANTIES AS TO QUALITY OR CORRESPONDENCE WITH PRIOR DESCRIPTION OR SAMPLE, AND ANY USER OF PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN SHOULD CONDUCT A SUFFICIENT INVESTIGATION TO ESTABLISH THE SUITABILITY OF ANY PRODUCT FOR ITS INTENDED USE AND ASSUMES ALL RISK AND LIABILITY WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF SUCH PRODUCT, WHETHER USED SINGLY OR IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES. Product(s) described in this publication may be hazardous and/or toxic and require special precautions in handling. For all product(s) described herein, the user should obtain from Huntsman detailed information on hazardousness and/or toxicity, together with proper shipping, handling, and storage procedures, and should comply with all applicable safety and environmental standards. The behaviour, hazardousness and/or toxicity of the product(s) referred to in this publication in manufacturing processes and their suitability in any given end-use environment are dependent upon various conditions such as chemical compatibility, temperature, and other variables, which may not be known to Huntsman. It is the sole responsibility of the user of such product(s) to evaluate the manufacturing circumstances and the final product(s) under actual end-use requirements and to adequately advise and warn future purchasers and users thereof. Copyright © 2016 Huntsman Corporation or an affiliate thereof. All rights reserved. JEFFSOL® is a registered trademark of Huntsman Corporation or an affiliate thereof in one or more, but not all countries. Performance Products is an International Business Unit of Huntsman International LLC.

April 2016