PERFORMANCE TESTING OF STEAM GENERATOR

Tujuan Pengetesan

Untuk menentukan :• Efficiency• Capacity• Parameter-parameter

lain seperti Temperatur steam, exit gas, losses, pressure drop, etc.

(ASME PTC 4.1 Steam Generating Unit)

• Memonitor parameter2 operasi seperti: input&output flow, inlet&outlet water and steam temperatures, and power consumption auxiliaries

• Tes peralatan secara individual maupun sistem pada awal Operasi

• Untuk mengecek emisi boiler terhadap regulasi emisi pemerintah

• Untuk mengecek performa selama periode tertentu

Metode Tes

INPUT-OUTPUT METHOD HEAT LOSS METHOD

100Input

HeatEfficiency

100FuelinHeat

fluidsbyAbsorbedHeat

100

100

100100

CreditsHeatFuelinHeat

HeatLoss

Input

LossHeatEfficiency

HEAT BALANCE

1001(%)

100100(%)

creditHf

LEfficiency

Input

LInput

Input

OutputEfficiency

LossesInputOutput

Data Input BoilerData Fuel (Batu bara)• Proximate Analysis• Ultimate Analysis• Calorivic Value

(HHV & LHV)

Heat Credit : • Heat Entering Air

(Tdb, Twb)• Heat Moisture in Air

(humidity)• Heat Sensible in Fuel

(Temp. Entering Fuel)• Heat Aux. Drive

(Electrical data)

Contoh data batu bara• Proximate Analysis: untuk menentukan kadar volatile matter,

moisture (total& higroscopic), dan ash• Ultimate Analysis : untuk menentukan kadar C,H,S,N,&O

Heat Entering Air (Bae’)

Bae' = Dry Air x Cpa' x (∆T)

Heat Moisture in Air

Bmae' = moisture air x Cpa' x (∆T)

Heat Sensible in Fuel

Bfe = Aux.steam x (∆h)/total fuel rate

Heat Aux. Drive (Bxe)

Bxe = Heat from Electrical power

Heat Losses

• Correct loss due to dry flue gas

• Correct loss due to misture in fuel

• Correct loss due to burning H

• Correct loss due to moisture in air

• Correct loss due to carbon monooxide

• Heat loss due to radiation

• Correct loss due to unburned carbon

Lg’ = Wg’x CpG x (∆T)= Wg’ x CpG x (Tg’-Tra)

Where:Wg’ : dry Flue gas CpG : mean spec.

HeatTg’: Temp. gasTra: Temp referensi

Heat Loss due to Moisture in Fuel (Lmf)

Lmf = H2O x (h’-hrw)

FuelFAkg

OHkg

..

2

FuelFAkg

kcal

..

FuelFAkg

kcal

..

Where: H2O : moisture

h’ : Enthalpy of vapor

Hrw : enthalpy sat.liquid at Tra

LmA = WmA’ x WA’ x (h’-hrv)

Where:WmA’ : moisture in dry air

WA’ : dry air

h’ : Enthalpy of vapor

Hrv : enthalpy sat.vapor at Tra

Airdrykg

OHkg 2

FuelFAkg

kcal

..

FuelFAkg

kcal

..

FuelFAkg

Airdrykg

..

Heat Loss due to Moisture from Burning H (LH)

LH = 8.936xH x (h’-hrw)

Where:H : Hidrogen h’ : Enthalpy of vapor Hrw : enthalpy

sat.liquid at Tra

FuelFAkg

OHkg

..

2

FuelFAkg

kcal

..

FuelFAkg

kcal

..

Heat Loss due to Unberned Carbon (LUC)

Where:A’: Ash in Coal Wucb : Unburned Carbon in dry ash

of SSC HopperWucb : Unburned Carbon in dry ash

of ESP Hopper

100Wucf

18.5)(0.2100

Wucb10.3)(1

A'UCL

Heat Loss due to Radiation (

Where:

Coe & CO2 : per cent CO & CO2 in Flue gas

Cb: Carbon Burned

Cb5644)(CO2e

COeLco'

COe

Efficiency Boiler

creditLHV

CreditHHVEff.Eff.

100Creadit HHV

LLLLLLLL100Eff.

HHVLHV

uaCOrUCUHmAmfG’HHV

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