Periodic Table of ElementsPeriodic Table of Elements

Help By: James Butler (Chem.11)Help By: James Butler (Chem.11)

See his original on the student section site of the See his original on the student section site of the

chemistry sitechemistry site

What is it?What is it? The periodic table is an arrangement The periodic table is an arrangement

of all the elements to show their of all the elements to show their similaritiessimilarities

Each element is set up with its’:Each element is set up with its’:

Atomic numberAtomic number

Element symbolElement symbol

Average atomic massAverage atomic mass

When was it discovered?When was it discovered?

The first periodic table was discovered The first periodic table was discovered in 1869, by Dmitry I. Mendeleyev. in 1869, by Dmitry I. Mendeleyev. “Father of periodic table”“Father of periodic table”

A Brief history of the periodic table!A Brief history of the periodic table!

http://periodictable.com/pages/AAE_History.html

Basic Periodic Table! Basic Periodic Table!

Individual Element!Individual Element!

Quick FactsQuick Facts The elements are placed in boxes in the periodic The elements are placed in boxes in the periodic

table. A symbol is used to represent the full table. A symbol is used to represent the full name of an element. For example, H represents name of an element. For example, H represents hydrogen; O represents oxygen, and Al hydrogen; O represents oxygen, and Al represents aluminum.represents aluminum.

Sometimes the Latin name for an element is Sometimes the Latin name for an element is used as the basis for its symbol, for instance K used as the basis for its symbol, for instance K represents potassium (kalium in Latin). represents potassium (kalium in Latin).

You guide to periodic table success!You guide to periodic table success!

On the next test, and maybe on the On the next test, and maybe on the exam, you will have to be able to exam, you will have to be able to draw and label the periodic table.draw and label the periodic table.

Step 1:Step 1:Know the general shape of the periodic Know the general shape of the periodic table, to element 86.table, to element 86.

Atomic numbers flow from 1 to 86. Atomic numbers flow from 1 to 86.

You will see this already done for you You will see this already done for you but you will need to know how to do but you will need to know how to do this.this.

This was done on the yellow sheet to This was done on the yellow sheet to save time.save time.

Step 2:Step 2:Know the general trend for the number Know the general trend for the number

of blocks in each period.of blocks in each period. Period 1Period 1 – 2 elements – 2 elements Period 2Period 2 – 8 elements/blocks – 8 elements/blocks Period 3Period 3 – 8 elements/blocks – 8 elements/blocks Period 4Period 4 – 18 elements/blocks – 18 elements/blocks Period 5Period 5 – 18 elements/blocks – 18 elements/blocks Period 6Period 6 – 18 elements/blocks – 18 elements/blocks

Step 3:Step 3:

Note the numbering change for Note the numbering change for Period 6. Period 6.

(55 56 ---- 71)(55 56 ---- 71)

Step 4:Step 4:Know how to label all the groupsKnow how to label all the groups

Remember there are A and B group elements.Remember there are A and B group elements.

1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 0, (The top) 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 0, (The top)

3B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B(3 isles), 1B, 2B 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B(3 isles), 1B, 2B (Transition metals)(Transition metals)

Step 5:Step 5:

Draw in the metalloid staircase; from Draw in the metalloid staircase; from Boron to Astatine. Boron to Astatine.

Step 6:Step 6:Label the following groups according Label the following groups according

to their namesto their names

Group 1AGroup 1A-- alkali metals alkali metals

Group 2AGroup 2A- alkaline metals- alkaline metals

Group 7AGroup 7A- Halogens- Halogens

Group 0Group 0-- noble gases, inert gases noble gases, inert gases

All All A groupsA groups- representative elements- representative elements

All All B groups-B groups- transition metals transition metals

All All metals, non-metals, and metalloidsmetals, non-metals, and metalloids

Step 7:Step 7: Label the following series of elements Label the following series of elements

on a periodic table.on a periodic table.

Atomic # 57 to 70 – Lanthanides Atomic # 57 to 70 – Lanthanides

Atomic # 89 to 102- actinidesAtomic # 89 to 102- actinides

Both of the above series are labelled Both of the above series are labelled as the Inner transition metalsas the Inner transition metals

Step 8:Step 8:

Know ionic charges associated with Know ionic charges associated with each group. (Chapter 5)each group. (Chapter 5)

Divisions of the periodic tableDivisions of the periodic table

Alkali

Alkaline

Transition metals

Non Metals

Halogens

Nobel Gases

Lanthanide

Actinides

Hydrogen

These are the basic divisions of the Periodic table

Basics of periodic table Basics of periodic table construction!construction!

Arranged in rows and columns based Arranged in rows and columns based on their similarities in properties. on their similarities in properties.

  

GroupsGroups – – vertical column of elements. vertical column of elements.

PeriodsPeriods- - horizontal column of elements.horizontal column of elements.

There are 2 types of group elements:There are 2 types of group elements:

  Group A elementsGroup A elements – – representative elements, representative elements,

called this because they display the entire range of called this because they display the entire range of chemical properties, has metals and non-metals.chemical properties, has metals and non-metals.

  Group B elementsGroup B elements – – The transition elements The transition elements

and inner transition elements. (Remember their and inner transition elements. (Remember their location from construction)location from construction)

MetalsMetals:: Located to the left.Located to the left.

Note:Note: Hydrogen (a gas) is the only non-metal on the Hydrogen (a gas) is the only non-metal on the left side of the periodic table.left side of the periodic table.

Non-metalsNon-metals:: Located to the right. Located to the right.

Note the division between the 2 types is the Note the division between the 2 types is the staircase; these elements are called the staircase; these elements are called the metalloids.metalloids.

We must recognize We must recognize Metals and Non-metalsMetals and Non-metals just by looking at the just by looking at the periodicperiodic table. We can do this based on their position in the table. We can do this based on their position in the table. Believe me, you must be able to do this to do the table. Believe me, you must be able to do this to do the course.course.

  The easiest way to memorize all the metals and non-The easiest way to memorize all the metals and non-

metals is to just know the location of the non-metals, metals is to just know the location of the non-metals,

the rest are all metals.the rest are all metals.

3A3A 4A4A 5A5A 6A6A 7A7A CC NN OO F Last group are noble gases,F Last group are noble gases,

PP SS Cl They are non-metals butCl They are non-metals but SeSe Br are unreactive. Therefore,Br are unreactive. Therefore,

I no need to listI no need to list them. them.

Properties of MetalsProperties of Metals:: Properties of Non-metalsProperties of Non-metals

lustre (Shinny)lustre (Shinny)

conductors of heat/electricity conductors of heat/electricity most solid at room temp. most solid at room temp. ductile – drawn into a wireductile – drawn into a wire malleable – hammered into malleable – hammered into sheets sheets

non-loustrousnon-loustrous

Non-conductors of Non-conductors of heat/electricityheat/electricity

Solid, liquid or gas at roomSolid, liquid or gas at room

form brittle solids form brittle solids

Properties of Properties of Metalloids:Metalloids:

displays properties of metals and displays properties of metals and non-metals.non-metals.

Metalloids are a problem, they can Metalloids are a problem, they can be classed as both, we rarely use be classed as both, we rarely use them in this class.them in this class.

Important groups:Important groups:

Group 7AGroup 7A – Halogens: they are highly reactive. – Halogens: they are highly reactive. Group 0Group 0 – noble gases – noble gases Group 1AGroup 1A – akali metals – akali metals Group 2AGroup 2A - Alkaline earth metals - Alkaline earth metals All All “B” groups“B” groups – Transition metals – Transition metals All All “A” groups“A” groups – Representative elements (Wide – Representative elements (Wide

range of properties)range of properties)

Class Activity!Class Activity!Referring to a periodic table, classify each of the Referring to a periodic table, classify each of the

following as:following as:

Representative elementRepresentative element Inner Transition elementInner Transition elementTransition elementTransition element Noble gasNoble gas

Note:Note: If it is a representative element, indicate which If it is a representative element, indicate which group and whether it is a metal, non-metal or a group and whether it is a metal, non-metal or a metalloidmetalloid

Tl – 81Tl – 81 h) Se - 34h) Se - 34Eu – 63Eu – 63 I) As - 33I) As - 33Xe – 54Xe – 54 j) Mo - 42j) Mo - 42Hf – 72Hf – 72 K) Rn - 86K) Rn - 86Ru – 44Ru – 44 l) Ta - 73l) Ta - 73Am – 95Am – 95 m) Bi - 83m) Bi - 83

B – 5B – 5 n) In - 49n) In - 49