Periodic Table of Elements

8th Grade Science

WARM UP:Write your homework – leave it to be stamped!Put your “Atoms Family Album” in the basket. MAKE

SURE YOUR NAME & BLOCK are on it!Update Table of ContentsStart the Skill & Drill Practice Charts Warm-Up using

the Periodic Table on D-20

Date Session#

Activity Page#

9/5-9/8

5 Atomic Quiz (I will hand back the quiz you took last class graded)

10

Skill & Drill Practice Charts Warm-Up 11

Trends of the Periodic Table Notes 12

Basic Neutral AtomsElement Atomic # Atomic

MassProtons Electrons Neutrons Section

on the Periodic

Table

Be 9 5

Si 14 14

K Metal

Zr 91 40

80 80

Sn 69

W 74 Metal

Xe 54

Am 243 148

56 56 Metal

Adding Ions to the MixElement Atomic # Charge Is it a

neutral atom, anion or cation?

Number of protons

Number of electrons

Beryllium 4 2+ cation 4 2

11 0 neutral

atom

0 18 18

Chlorine 0

7 3- 10

Calcium 0

2- 16

3 1+

3+

Guess What?????It’s time to get

your very own copy of your new best friend…The Periodic Table!

Periodic Table AppsYou might want to download an app on

your phone or iPad to have an interactive version of the Periodic Table too! NOVA Elements app for iPad EMD PTE Periodic Droid K12 Periodic Table Atom Builder – helps with atomic structure

OR…just Google “Free Chemistry Apps”

Color & Label Your Periodic TableHydrogen

H

Trends of The Periodic Table

Basic FactsThe Periodic Table of Elements

organizes all of the elements based on properties and atomic number of the elements

Trends of the Periodic Table

Period = Row across the periodic table How many electron shells those elements have As you move from left to right, the atomic radius gets

bigger

Trends of the Periodic TableGroup/Family = Column going down the periodic

tableHow many valence electrons there are…but there is a

trick 12 3 4 5 6 7

8

What’s Up With Hydrogen?

Different from any of the other elements Nonmetal Has 0 neutrons

The Metal “Kingdom”Reactive Metals

• Alkali metals – Group/Family 1• Most reactive; 1 valence electron

The Metal “Kingdom”Reactive Metals

• Alkaline metals – Group/Family 2• 2nd most reactive; 2 valence electrons

The Metal “Kingdom”Non-reactive Metals

• Transition Metals – Groups/Families 3-12• Stable and non-reactive

The Metalloid “Kingdom”Metalloids - Found on the zig-zag steps

Have properties of metals and nonmetalsThere should already be a dark zig-zag line on

your Periodic Table, but you can darken it.Look at the book and write the names of all the

elements that are metalloids!

The Blended Families

They are simply named for the element at the top of the group…no notes needed!

Boron Family – Group/Family 13Carbon Family – Group/Family 14Nitrogen Family – Group/Family 15Oxygen Family – Group/Family 16

The Non-Metal “Kingdom”

Reactive Non-metalsHalogens – Group/Family 17Reactive gases; 7 valence electrons

The Non-Metal “Kingdom”

Non-Reactive Non-metals Noble Gases – Group/Family 18 Inert; full valence shell

Elements Song

http://www.cnet.com/news/how-to-learn-the-periodic-table-in-3-minutes/

There are lots more where that came from!!

Homework: RAFTR = RoleA = AudienceF = FormatT = Topic

R = TeacherA = My studentsF = FairytaleT = The Trends of

the Periodic Table

Knights of the Periodic TableListen to the story and add details about

each group/family…like real-world uses etc. in the “Fairytale Facts” box.

This is my example of your RAFT Homework, and you will have to create something similar…so pay attention!

Knights of the Periodic TableOnce upon a time in a land far, far away,

there were 3 kingdoms. Each kingdom had it’s own royal “families,” and each family member had their own very unique personality. Like in every family, some of them were very well behaved…and others were quite naughty, but one thing is for sure, every time the family members from different kingdoms came into contact with each other it caused quite a reaction!

Knights of the Periodic Table There are 3 sections or “Kingdoms” of

the Periodic Table:

- Metal Kingdom =- Metalloid Kingdom =- Nonmetal Kingdom =

Each character in the story is meant to represent a different group and their unique properties…

The Court JesterDifferent from any of the other elements, this guy is a

weirdo. He is a simple minded fellow because he has no neutrons to keep him grounded. Even though he is a bit of a loner, he is friendly and therefore bonds with people as he travels through the kingdoms. He is useful as a solo act or with along with a other entertainers. Some say he has the answer to clean fuel and energy production in the future.

Prince AL of the Metal Kingdom

He is one of three brothers in the metal kingdom. He is actually a twin! He is more aggressive than his twin brother and will fight anyone and everyone to defend the family’s honor…so he says. The real reason he is so aggressive is that he feels like his life just isn’t complete and that he is always missing something. Prince Al is also under a lot of pressure from his family because he is skilled at so many things. He is included in the production of foods, medicines, fertilizers and even batteries to keep his Kingdom running. He is crucial in keeping the bodies of all of his subjects healthy and strong.

Prince ALAN of the Metal Kingdom Prince Alan is Al’s twin brother. He is also very aggressive,

but not as aggressive as his twin, but does share the feeling of not being complete. He is also under a lot of pressure from his family to keep the Kingdom running smoothly, and he actually assists Al with a lot of the Kingdom’s medical needs as well as the general health of the subjects. But, because he has a slightly more balanced personality he is also in charge of the Kingdom’s celebrations and providing entertainment such as fireworks and flares.

Prince TRAVIS of the Metal Kingdom

Travis, unlike his brothers is always constant and rarely changes. He is the oldest of the three brothers and the most mature. Even though his brothers are useful, their aggressive behavior is hard to control, and Travis is just the opposite. He is laid back and flexible and he focuses on his job as a handyman – fixing problems rather than creating them! He works with the natural resources his Kingdom has to offer to make things like tools, jewelry, coins and items that conduct heat or electricity. He is happy on his own, but when he does find someone to bond with the pair becomes even stronger!

Queen CYBIL of the Metalloid KingdomQueen Cybil is an interesting character, she

has what we call a split-personality. Sometimes she acts like a “girly girl” and sometimes she acts like a “tomboy.” She changes her personality based on who she is around…the princes of the Metal Kingdom, or the Princesses of the Non-metal Kingdom. She can be quite useful, and has a talent for technology as she is often used as a semi-conductor in electronics which makes her the perfect link between the Kingdoms. Because Cybil plays both sides of the Periodic Table she can be unpredictable unless you know which of her personalities you are dealing with.

Princess DARLENE of the Non-metal Kingdom

Princess Darlene is a drama queen because she wants to be “perfect” like her sister Nora the Noble Princess. She is very reactive and always wants the spotlight. She feels like she is so close to being “perfect” but she just can’t quite get there. So, in an attempt to be happy Darlene loves to spend time with Prince Al of the Metal Kingdom. When she is frustrated with his behavior she cleans, and she is known for her special cleaners and detergents. When the two are getting along they make things like salt, but when they aren’t, the relationship can be quite toxic!

Princess NORA of the Non-metal Kingdom

Nora the Noble Princess is the perfect proper princess. She avoids drama by sticking to herself unless she is needed to help prevent drama among others. Some don’t like her very much because they consider her snobby for not hanging out with anyone, but she is confident in that she doesn’t need others to make her happy and in reality she has a very bright personality that can really light up her Kingdom and of course make her sister Darlene crazy with jealousy!

Homework: RAFTR = Game

ManufacturerA = Middle School

Students F = Board Game or

Card Game T = Traveling

through the Periodic Table

R = Advertising Agency

A = “Unhappy” atoms F = Dating/Bonding

advertisement/websiteT = Importance of

Valence electrons – Bohr diagrams

Homework: RAFTR = Periodic TableA = Atom/Element F = Letters that

explain or argueT = Why the

atom/element is not allowed to move to another kingdom

R = SongwriterA = TeenagersF = Rap/Song T = War between the

Kingdoms

RAFT TimeRAFT Requirements: I will give each

group a grading rubric to remind you of the requirementsYour RAFT must be clearly stated and will be

visible/consistent through out the details of the project The information included in your RAFT must be

accurate Your work must be of high quality and the appropriate

amount of work for the number of people you are working with

Must be related to a chemistry concept we have covered…but you can certainly exceed the depth/detail we covered in class!

WARM UP:Write your homework – leave it to be stamped!Update Table of ContentsGet your notes out from last class & discuss the

following with your table partner:What is a row on the periodic table called?What is a column on the periodic table called?What information can you get from knowing which row or

column an element is in?Date Session

#Activity Page

#

9/9- 9/10

6 Scavenger Hunt Review 13

Bohr Diagrams Vs. Lewis Dot Diagrams 14

REVIEW: Last time I gave you 2 “shortcuts” for the Periodic Table…what were they?

What information will the period (row) give you?

What information will the group (column) give you?

HINT:

Review:There are 3 sections or “Kingdoms” of

the Periodic Table:

- Metal Kingdom =- Metalloid Kingdom =- Nonmetal Kingdom =

Each kingdom has several groups or families, and each group within each kingdom has its own unique set of properties…

What’s Up With Hydrogen?

Hydrogen the Court Jester Different from any of the other elements Nonmetal Has 0 neutrons

The Metal “Kingdom”

Reactive Metals• Alkali metals – Group 1…so how

many valence electrons do they all have?

Prince AL of the Metal Kingdom

Character Description:Prince Al is very aggressive. He fights anyone and

everyone because he feels like he is missing something and wants to feel complete.

Periodic Table Connection:Represent Group 1: Alkali MetalsMost reactive of all the metals 1 valence electron, always looking to bond to be “happy”Uses: Foods, medicines, fertilizers, lithium batteries

 

The Metal “Kingdom”

Reactive Metals• Alkaline metals – Group 2…so

how many valence electrons do they all have?

Prince ALAN of the Metal Kingdom

Character Description:Prince Alan is not as aggressive as his brother Al, but still

likes to fight because he also feels he is missing something, and wants someone to bond with.

Periodic Table Connection:Represents Group 2: Alkaline MetalsReactive metal but not as reactive as Alkali MetalsHave 2 valence electrons, always looking to bond to be

“happy”Uses: cancer treatment & medical imaging,

fireworks/flares

The Metal “Kingdom”

Non-reactive Metals• Transition Metals - Groups 3-12…do

we care about their valence electrons?

Prince TRAVIS of the Metal Kingdom

Character Description:Travis, unlike his brothers is always

constant and rarely changes. He is laid back and instead he focuses on his job as a handyman – fixing problems rather than creating them!

Periodic Table Connection:Represent Groups 3-12: Transition MetalsStable & do not react with most elementsMalleable, ductile & good conductorsUses: copper, gold, silver- used to make

tools, wires, household items, jewelry etc. 

The Metalloid “Kingdom”

Metalloids - Found on the zig-zag stepsHave properties of metals and

nonmetals…they still follow the valence electron

rule for

their group!

Queen CYBIL of the Metalloid Kingdom

Character Description:Cybil has a split-personality: “girly

girl” AND “tomboy.” She changes her personality based on who she is around – Cybil is “two-faced”

Periodic Table Connection:Have characteristics of both metals

and nonmetals – zig zag stepsReact differently depending on the

element they react withUses: silicon- a semiconductor used

in electronics

The Blended Families

They are simply named for the element at the top of the group…no notes needed!

Boron Family – Group/Family 13Carbon Family – Group/Family 14Nitrogen Family – Group/Family 15Oxygen Family – Group/Family 16

The Non-Metal “Kingdom”

Reactive Non-metalsHalogens – Group 17…because of

the valence electron rule, this group can also be referred to as group 7.

Princess DARLENE of the non-metal Kingdom

Character Description:Darlene is a drama queen because she wants to be

“perfect” like her sister Nora the Noble Princess. Darlene loves to spend time with Al of the metal kingdom

Periodic Table Connection:Represents Group 17: HalogensReactive nonmetalsHave 7 electrons in their valence shell…so close to

being “happy”Uses: detergents & cleaners, halogen light bulbs

The Non-Metal “Kingdom”

Non-reactive Non-metals Noble Gases – Group 18…because of the

valence electron rule this group can also be referred to as group 8!

Princess NORA of the non-metal kingdom

Character Description:Nora the noble princess is the perfect proper

princess. She avoids drama by sticking to herself unless she is needed to help prevent drama among others.

Periodic Table Connection:Represents Group 18: Noble GasesDo not react with other elements because

their valence shell is full Uses: neon in signs

Questions?

Scavenger Hunt ReviewNumber 1-20 on page 13 of your notebookThere are 20 test questions on note cards

hidden in the room, and as you find them you must write the answer next to the correct question number.

They ARE NOT hidden anywhere in my desk area, the glass cabinets, or behind anything that is glued, taped or stapled down.

Question 1

What are the 3 subatomic particles

that make up an atom AND what is the charge

of each?

Question 2

The atomic mass of an atom is made up of which

2 subatomic particles added together?

Question 3

Where would you find the protons,

neutrons and electrons in an

atom?

Question 4

The atomic number of an element also tells

you which other information about a

neutral atom?

Question 5

What happens when you change the

number of electrons in an atom?

Question 6

Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 are both the element carbon, so what is the

difference between them?

Question 7

Isotopes are versions of the same element with a

different number of __________________.

Question 8

If you start with the element Oxygen and add

a proton to it, which element would it become?

Question 9

If a Calcium atom loses 2 electrons then it will become a ___________ with a charge

of ________.

Question 10

If Sulfur gains 3 electrons then it will become a negative

_________ with _____ total electrons.

Question 11

What are the 3 sections, or “Kingdoms” on the

Periodic Table?

Question 12

Which group on the Periodic Table is the

MOST reactive? Why?

Question 13

Which group on the Periodic Table is

commonly used for things like tools, coins or

jewelry?

Question 14

How many valence electrons does Potassium

(K) have? How do you know?

Question 15

Which other group would the elements in group 1

most likely bond with and WHY?

Question 16

What is a row on the Periodic Table called?

Question 17

What is a column on the Periodic Table called?

Question 18

Why are elements organized into the

group/family they are in?

Question 19

An element like Silicon can act like a metal or a non-

metal, so which “Kingdom” on the Periodic Table should

it be in?

Question 20

The “Moral of Matterville” basically states that atoms

want to be

__________ & __________.

Bohr Diagrams VS. Lewis Dot Diagrams:

Bohr Diagram Lewis Dot

Both diagrams represent electrons

Shows ALL electronsDraw electron shells

Shows ONLY valence electrons

Do NOT draw any shells

O

How do you find the number of valence electrons?

How do you find the total number of electrons?

Quick Review – Bohr Diagrams!

Mg

New - Lewis Dot Diagrams

ClP

H NeB

Mg

RAFT TimeRAFT Requirements: I will give each

group a grading rubric to remind you of the requirementsYour RAFT must be clearly stated and will be

visible/consistent through out the details of the project The information included in your RAFT must be

accurate Your work must be of high quality and the appropriate

amount of work for the number of people you are working with

Must be related to a chemistry concept we have covered…but you can certainly exceed the depth/detail we covered in class!

Homework: RAFTR = RoleA = AudienceF = FormatT = Topic

R = TeacherA = My studentsF = FairytaleT = The Trends of

the Periodic Table

Homework: RAFTR = Game

ManufacturerA = Middle School

Students F = Board Game or

Card Game T = Traveling

through the Periodic Table

R = Advertising Agency

A = “Unhappy” atoms F = Dating/Bonding

advertisement/websiteT = Importance of

Valence electrons – Bohr diagrams

Homework: RAFTR = Periodic TableA = Atom/Element F = Letters that

explain or argueT = Why the

atom/element is not allowed to move to another kingdom

R = SongwriterA = TeenagersF = Rap/Song T = War between the

Kingdoms

Student Ideas for RAFT:PlaysCostume design for each of the

charactersWeight loss program for isotopesWedding Invitations for 2 elements

bondingAdoption agency for electronsRomeo and Juliet love storyCommercial or music video

WARM UP:Write your homework – leave it to be stamped!Update Table of ContentsComplete the Periodic Table Warm-UpMake sure you have a copy of the Helpful Hints

Study Guide

Date Session#

Activity Page#

9/11- 9/12

7 Periodic Table Warm-Up 15

Helpful Hints Study Guide 16

Helpful Hints Study GuideComplete the Helpful Hints Study

Guide for homework…I will be checking it for a homework grade before the test!

Be sure to study ALL of your class notes and activities…test questions will come from all of them!

Helpful website for review: www.Chem4Kids.com

WARM UP:NO HOMEWORK! Write it – have it stamped!Make sure your RAFT assignment is turned in to the basket

or submitted electronically.Get your Helpful Hints Study Guide out to be checked!Update Table of Contents for today’s session even though

there is nothing to tape inStudy with those around you…be sure to have any

questions ready!

Date Session#

Activity Page#

9/15-9/16

8 CHEMISTRY UNIT TEST DAY – Nothing to tape in

XXXX

BOOM REVIEW GAMEHOW TO PLAY:Janay and Creston are partners. Take all of the cards

out of the bag and put them in a pile upside down.Janay picks a card (without looking at it) and slides it

to Creston. He asks her the question. If she gets the question right, she keeps the card. If she gets the question wrong, the card goes back in the pile.

If Janay picks a BOOM card, all of her cards go back in the pile.

Janay answers questions until she gets one wrong, or picks a BOOM card then it is Creston’s turn to pick a card and answer a question.

The person with the most cards wins!

FOR THE TESTClear your desk except for your pencil, and

the blank periodic table I gave you.Please write your name and block on the

test as soon as you get it.Make sure all textbooks are closed.Stand the manila folders between you and

your table partner.Any last questions???

AFTER THE TESTPut your tests in the basket and make a pile

of periodic tables next to the basket.Complete any missing assignments you

may have…remember a 70 is better than a 0.Work on the Periodic Table riddles for 5

bonus points per COMPLETED & CORRECT side…those points might come in handy if you have late work!