Periodic Table of the Elements

Can I use the periodic table to determine the properties of an

element?SPI 0807.9.9

Draw a box on your paper…

You have 3 minutes to write down everything you

know about the periodic table!!

The zigzag line on the periodic table can help you recognize which elements belong in which category.

Metals• Metals are found to the left of the zigzag line.

• Most elements are metals.

• Most metals are Most metals are solid solid at room temperature at room temperature and are good conductors of electric current.and are good conductors of electric current.

Nonmetals• Nonmetals are found to the right of the

zigzag line.

• More than half of the nonmetals are gases at room temperature.

• Nonmetals are NOT shiny, and are poor conductors of electric current and thermal energy.

Metalloids• Metalloids are 8 elements that border the

zigzag line.

• Metalloids have some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals.

• Metalloids are also called semiconductors.

As you move from left to right across the periodic table, the elements become less

metallic.

Each Element is Identified by a Each Element is Identified by a Chemical SymbolChemical Symbol

• Each square on the periodic table includes an element’s name, chemical symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass.

• For most elements, the chemical symbol has one or two letters.

• The newest elements have temporary three-letter symbols.

• Each horizontal row of elements is called a period.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Each vertical column of elements is called a group.

• Elements in the same group often have similar chemical and physical properties.

• For this reason, a group is also called a family.

• The chemical and physical properties of elements in a row follow a repeating pattern as you move across the period.

Atomic Number - # of ProtonsAtomic Number - # of Protons

Atomic Mass = # of Protons + # Atomic Mass = # of Protons + # of Neutronsof Neutrons

NameName

Chemical SymbolChemical Symbol

Hydrogen

The properties of hydrogen do not match the properties of any single group, so hydrogen is set apart:

- a nonmetal- reactive- colorless, odorless gas at room temperature- low density

GROUP 1: ALKALI METALS

• Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-metal

• Soft and silvery metals• Very reactive, esp. with

water• Conduct electricity, shiny,

low density

GROUP 2: ALKALINE-EARTH METALS

• Very reactive, but less than Alkali metals

• Conduct electricity, silver color

GROUPS 3-12: TRANSITION METALS

• Groups contain metals

• Less reactive than alkaline-earth metals

• Shininess, good conductors of heat and electricity.

GROUP 13: BORON GROUP

- Group contains 1 metalloid and 5 metals

- Reactive

- Solids at room temperature

GROUP 14: CARBON GROUP

- Contains metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C).

- Reactivity varies among the elements

- Solids at room temperature

GROUP 15: NITROGEN GROUP - Group contains 2

nonmetals, 2 metalloids, and 2 metals

- Reactivity varies among the elements

- solids at room temperature (except for nitrogen, which is a gas)

GROUP 16: OXYGEN GROUP - Group contains:

3 nonmetals, 1 metalloid, and 1 metal

- Reactive

- Solids at room temperature (except for oxygen, which is a gas)

GROUP 17: Halogens

- Contains nonmetals

- VERY reactive

- Poor conductors of electric current, never in uncombined form in nature

GROUP 18: Noble Gases

- Not reactive with other elements

- Contains nonmetals

- Colorless, odorless gases at room temperature

Rare Earth Metals

• Elements in period 6 are called lanthanides.• Elements in period 7 are called actinides.

- Some are Radioactive- Conduct electricity

Liquids on the Periodic Table

Bromine (Br)

Mercury (Hg)

• Is the circled area a period or group on the periodic table?

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy