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Metallic Characteristic Trends
Top to Bottom Left to Right
Increases Decreases
Conductivity
Shininess
Malleability
Ductility
Reactivity Trends
Top to Bottom Left to Right
Increases with MetalsDecreases
with Nonmetals
Decreases with MetalsIncreases
with Nonmetals
Atomic Radius
½ the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms that are bonded together.
1. Energy level, n, as they go higher = larger
2. Proton – electron attraction = smaller
Ionic Radius
1. Cations lose electrons, therefore they tend to be
Positive Ions - Metals
2. Anions gain electrons, therefore they tend to be
Negative Ions - Nonmetals
Electron Affinity
The energy change that occurs when a neutral atom acquires an electron.
Most electron affinity values are negative. Energy is released from the atom.
Atoms that really want another electron tend to be more negative.
Electron Affinity Trends
Top to Bottom Left to Right
Decreases(less
negative)
Increases(more
negative)Noble Gases
= 0
Ionization Energy
The energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom.
The closer to the nucleus, the harder to pull the electron.
The farther away, more interference from other electrons, therefore, the
easier it is to pull the electron.
Electronegativity
A measurement of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to
attract electrons.
Generally,
Ionization energy + Electron Affinity = Electronegativity
Most electronegative element – Fluorine (F)
It is assigned the number 4 All other values are based on this
value.
Boiling Point
Temperature at which a system moves from the liquid state to the gaseous state. The external pressure pushing into the liquid is equal to the internal pressure pushing out of the liquid.
Melting Point
The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid. The external pressure pushing into the solid is equal to the internal pressure pushing out of the solid.