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Periodic Table & Trends
• Objective: To understand the physical and chemical properties of atoms based on their position on the Periodic Table
• NC Essential Standards 1.3
• What does “periodic” mean?
The Pattern is the Key • Put the following into a
pattern• 3 across • 4 down
• Bluebird, green hummingbird, red cardinal, pink flamingo
• Pink freight truck, Red pick-up truck, green Civic, Blue SUV
• Green cottage, Blue house, Red brick apartment building, Dilworth’s pink glass building
A Chemist’s Most Useful ToolHow can we use the Periodic Table
to understand the properties of elements?
Periodic Table• http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-genius-of-mendeleev-s-peri
odic-table-lou-serico
• Also see Review & Dig Deeper on webpage
Electron Arrangement impacts the shape of the Periodic Table
• Periods • Groups • Blocks
a. Elements are arranged in Periods (_____) according to the total number of _________ _________ for their electrons.
b. The Periodic Table can be divided into 4 blocks based on electron configurations for the elements.
Groups Val electrons
Block S
Block P
Block D
Block F
1 18
2 13 14 15 16 17
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Valence e-
Electron dot
Periods
Representative elements are elements in groups 1 & 2; 13-18. These valence electrons are in the _____ and _____ & ________ sublevels.
S, P, D, F Blocks
Periods18
Understanding of Metals vs. Non-metals• Examples Metals Non-metals
• Properties• Physical
• Chemical
What do you already know? – Sort terms
Understanding metals vs. non-metalsvideo segment• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xFx7Ipaf8U
• Science film segment
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQap3cRnP28• YouTube – reactivity – based on position on PT
• Clips showing reactivity
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYOunr2Lwxs• Slides – good pictures but no sound
Understanding Metals vs. Non-metalsPhysical Properties
• Black Study Guide • Metals: p. 47 • Non-metals: p. 50
• Sort terms for metals vs. non-metals
1 18
2 13 14 15 16 17
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Metals Metalloids Non-metalsBlend of Metal & Non-metalSemi-conductors
Physical& Chemical Properties
Elements: Basic Building Blocks • Hunting for Elements – (intro – 4 minutes) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bENV1arP0g
• 2 hours• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hd6vB82oiQ0
Element Song• http://www.edu-cyberpg.com/IEC/elementsong.html
• Educational CyberPlayGround ®: K-12 Interdisciplinary Curriculum
Element Groups• Elements are arranged in groups (____________)
according to the number of their ___________ _____________
• Definition:
• Elements in the same group have _________ __________ properties.
Groups: Similar chemical properties• Video segment
Group Names: describe their properties
Groups important to know:
1 2 Groups 3 - 12 14,15,16,17,18
Hydrogen is unique!
Representative (main group) elements are:
Elements: Basic Building Blocks • Hunting for Elements – (intro – 4 minutes) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bENV1arP0g
• 2 hours• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hd6vB82oiQ0
Element Groups & Properties
Name
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Transition metals
Halogens
Noble Gases
Ordering Elements by Properties
• Follow the instructions on the small card• Arrange the elements based on properties
• Put elements into columns and rows in a pattern• Use physical and chemical properties
• Why did you put an element card at the top of a column?
• Why should another be placed lower or to the right?
Results?
• Analyze your results:• Make a table that shows the order of your elements (see next slide) • Show the patterns for the properties
• Physical properties - explain the pattern for each physical property• Chemical properties – explain the pattern
Ordering Groups of Elements by Properties
Group Physical properties
Chemical properties
Ion Practice • Ion Formation base on electron configuration
• Metal or non-metal? • Compare atom & ion
• Electron configuration and Electron Dot Notation
• Additional practice• Using Lewis Diagrams
Representing Ions
• Ions are formed when the __________ electrons are lost or gained.
• Metals ________ valence electrons to form
_______ ions, called __________.
Non-metals _______ valence electrons until they have 8 and form _______ ions, called
__________.
Comparing atoms & ionsElement Atomic
SymbolElectron Configuration
Circle valence electrons
Electron Dot Diagram
Ion Name Electron Configuration
Electron Dot Diagram
Ionic Symbol
Comparing atoms & ionsElement Atomic
SymbolElectron Configuration
Circle valence electrons
Electron Dot Diagram
Ion Name Electron Configuration
Electron Dot Diagram
Ionic Symbol
Atoms & IonsElement Atom
Lewis structure
Add or lose for 8 val. e-
Ion Lewis structure
Ion
Atoms & IonsElement Atom
Lewis structure
Add or lose for 8 val. e-
Ion Lewis structure
Ion
How do metal atoms lose electrons? Ionization energy
• Ground State, Excited State, Ionization energy
Lithium
How do non-metal atoms gain electrons? Electronegativity
• Large metal atom Small non-metal atom
Forming Compounds
• They come together to form a ______________ ______________ .
• Many formula units are held together to make an _______ compound.
Periodic Trend Animation • http://faculty.ucc.edu/chemistry-pankuch/Amin.html• Atomic size• Ionic size• Ionization • Electronegativity
• For later used: bond formation
1 18
2 13 14 15 16 17
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Trends for Ionization Energy & ElectronegativityArrows to show trends for metals & non-metals
Reactivity: trends for metals and non-metals
6. Octet Rule
Atoms tend to ______, ______, or _______electrons in order to have _____ valence electrons._______ valence electrons gives stability.
Exception:
Duet rule:
7. Reactivity
Group 18 (called the _______________) are ____________ (also called ________ or _____________), because:
Group 1 (called ____________) are the most reactive metals because:
Group 17 (called ___________) are themost reactive nonmetals because:
1 18
2 13 14 15 16 17
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Trends for Ionization Energy & ElectronegativityArrows to show trends for metals & non-metals
Reactivity: trends for metals and non-metals
Predicting Properties of Elements- based on the position on the Periodic
Table : Size; IE; EN
Property: which element has the largest value?Ca vs. Br C vs. Sn F vs. I Si vs. ClNa vs. P Li vs. KBe vs. O S vs. ArAl vs. S Ne vs. KrB vs. Al B vs. Ne