Periodic Table

What the PT really looks like

People

• Mendeleev-Russian scientist that published the first modern PT based on atomic mass.

• Moseley-British scientist that rearranged the PT by atomic number

Element Squares

• Symbol-1, 2 letter abbreviation

• Element name• Atomic Number-p+, e-• Atomic mass-Average

mass of p+ and n in nucleus (Mass #)

6

C

Carbon

12.01

2

Periods

• Horizontal rows• 7 periods• Periods correspond

w/ # of energy levels an element has

• The lanthanide and actinide series (on bottom) are pulled out and placed on the bottom to save space.

Groups/Families

• Vertical columns• 18 groups• Also called families

because each group has similar properties because they have the same # of e- in the outer energy level.

Metals

• Shiny• Solid• Good conductors of

heat and electricity• Malleable• Ductile• High Density• Almost 90 metals• Left side of PT (except

Hydrogen)

Nonmetals• Dull (not shiny) or powdery• Can be S, L, or Gas• Poor conductors of

heat/electricity• Can’t be pounded (brittle)• Not ductile (wires)• Usually low density• Less than 20• Right side of PT

(except Hydrogen)

Metalloids

• Shiny or dull• Solid• Often used as

semiconductors in computers

• Not malleable• Not ductile• Density varies • 7 (shaded in) • Along stair step (not Al)

Alkali Metals

• Group 1• Highly reactive-never

alone in nature• Soft, shiny, silver-

white• Good conductors

Li

Lithium

Na

Sodium

K

Potassium

Rb

Rubidium

Cs

Cesium

Fr

Francium

Alkaline Earth Metals

• Group 2• Highly Reactive• Soft, silver-white,

shiny• Give off bright colors

when burned

Be

Beryllium

Mg

Magnesium

Ca

Calcium

Sr

Strontium

Ba

Barium

Ra

Radium

Transition Metals

• Found in middle of PT• Groups 3-12• Not as reactive as

alkali metals• Good for use in

jewelry, pots, etc because not as reactive

Halogens

• Group 17 • Very reactive

nonmetals• Mostly gases

F

Fluorine

Cl

Chlorine

Br

Bromine

I

Iodine

At

Astatine

Noble Gases

• Group 18 • Unreactive gases• Also called “inert”

He

Helium

Ne

Neon

Ar

Argon

Kr

Krypton

Xe

Xenon

Rn

Radon

Lanthanide Series

• Classified as Rare Earth Metals

• Found naturally on earth• Soft, silver-white

malleable metals with high luster (shine) and conductivity.

• Very reactive• Found on bottom of PT

Actinide Series

• Most are radioactive • Most are man made

Diatomic Elements

– In found in nature, always combined with themselves

H2

N2 O2 F2

Cl2

Br2

I2

Tl At

S

Li

Na

K

Fr

Be

Mg

Ca

Ra

Sc

Ac

He

Ne

Ar

Kr

Rn

Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se

Rb Sr Y XeZr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Pb Bi Po

Al Si P

B C

Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

S

Tl