Periods in the History of Muslim Spain

641-929 Early Period

929-1031 Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba

1031-1090 Ta’ifa Period

c. 1090-1140 Almoravid Empire

c. 1140-1275 Almohad Caliphate

1275-1492 Nasrid Kingdom of Granada

Timeline

642 Muslims complete conquestof Egypt.

711 Muslims attack Spain.

716 Visigoths beaten back intonorth-east Spain.

732/33 Charles Martel defeatsMuslims at Tours/Poitiers.

Word List

Berbers

Visigoths

CharlesMartel

Timeline

750 ‘Abd al-Rahman flees toNorth Africa.

756-88 Reign of ‘Abd al-Rahman at Cordoba.

912-61 Reign of ‘Abd al-Rahman III.

929 ‘Abd al-Rahman III takes title of caliph.

932 ‘Abd al-Rahman III consolidates hold onSpain.

Word Listal-Andalus(MuslimSpain)

Timeline

961-76 Reign of al-Hakam II.

1031 Collapse of Umayyadcaliphate of Cordoba.

1085 Christians take Toledo.

Word List

Hisham

Ibn Abi ‘Amir

‘Abd al-Rahman

ta’ifa (part,pl. tawa’if)

Timeline

1085 Al-Mu‘tamid of Sevilleappeals to Almoravids.

1086 Almoravids invadeSpain, defeat Christians.

1110 Almoravids completeconquest of al-Andalus.

1140s Revolts against Almoravid rule.

Word List

al-murabitun(those whogather together/Almoravids)

Marrakush

Timeline

1121-30 Reign of Ibn Tumartover Almohads.

1147 Almohads completeconquest of N. Africa fromAlmoravids, begin conquest ofal-Andalus.

1212 Almohads crushed byChristians at Las Navas deTolosa.

Word List

al-muwahhidun(those whoinsist on theoneness of God/Almohads)

mahdi (awaitedspiritual leader)

Timeline

1228 Foundation of Nasridkingdom of Granada.

1479 Unification of Aragonand Castile.

1492 Christians takeGranada, expel Muslims andJews from Spain.

Word List

Granada

Nasrids

Muhammad ibnYusuf ibn Ahmadibn Nasr

Marinidsreconquista

Ferdinand V and Isabella (reconquest)

Object List

F = Ferret, A = Archnet

The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987.Exterior view. Restored view. (F)

The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987.Floor plan and extension of La Mezquita. (F)

The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987.Exterior view. Courtyard of the Orange Tree, view towardcathedral rising above the mosque. (F)

The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987.Exterior view. Belfry (replacing the minaret), begun 1593by Heman Ruiz the Younger, completed in 1664 by Gasparde la Pena. (F)

The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987.Exterior view. View from the south across Quadalquivir River,Moorish bridge. (F)

The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987.Exterior view of facades and doorways. (F)

The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987.Exterior view. Façade. (F)

The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987.View of the first mosque. Abd al-Rahman, 786-788. (F)

The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987. Viewof interior with columns. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection:<http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/FINA224slides/gmccolumns.jpg>.)

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Object List

F = Ferret, A = Archnet

The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987.Larger overall view of the interior courtyard. (F)

The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987.Interior of the sanctuary (view from east). (F)

The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987.Interior of the Mosque with some of the 36 piers and 514columns. (F)

The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987. Detailof arch decoration. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection: <http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/FINA224slides/gmcarchdetail.jpg>.)

The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987.Maqsura, 961-5. (F)

The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987. Maqsura,961-5. (The Mosque of Cordoba (Spain: Editorial Fisa Escudo deOro, S.A., n.d.), p. 11.)

The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987. TheMihrab. 11th c. Gold and glass mosaic on marble. (The Mosqueof Cordoba (Spain: Editorial Fisa Escudo de Oro, S.A.,n.d.), p. 17.)

The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987. Domeover Maqsura, 961-5. (The Mosque of Cordoba (Spain: EditorialFisa Escudo de Oro, S.A., n.d.), p. 20.)

The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987. Domeover Maqsura, 961-5, detail. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection:<http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/FINA224slides/gmcdomedetail1.jpg>.)

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet

The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987. Domeover Maqsura, 961-5, detail. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection:<http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/FINA224slides/gmcdomedetail2.jpg>.)

The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987.Textures: finely textured courtyard paving with dense surfaceof pebbles combined with rectangular planters. (F)

The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987. Textures:finely textured courtyard paving of black and white pebbles. (F)

Madinat al-Zahra: Palace. Outside Cordoba. 912-976. Aerial view. (F)

Madinat al-Zahra: Palace. Outside Cordoba. 912-976. General view. (F)

Madinat al-Zahra: Palace. Outside Cordoba. 912-976. View of ruins. (F)

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Madinat al-Zahra: Palace. Outside Cordoba. 912-976. Hall of theAmbassadors. (F)

Madinat al-Zahra: Palace. Outside Cordoba. 912-976. Skylights in theHall of the Ambassadors. (F)

Madinat al-Zahra: Palace. Outside Cordoba. 912-976. Mihrab in the Hallof the Ambassadors. (F)

Madinat al-Zahra: Palace. Outside Cordoba. 912-976. Hall of theAmbassadors. Stucco: Tree of Life. (F)

Madinat al-Zahra: Palace. Outside Cordoba. 912-976. Wooden jewellerybox. (F)

Madinat al-Zahra: Palace. Outside Cordoba. 912-976. Silver casketfor Hisham, 976. 27 x 38 x 24cm. (F)

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Object List

F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Madinat al-Zahra: Palace. Outside Cordoba. 912-976. Burnished goldjewellery. (F)

Qarawiyyin Mosque. Fez, Morocco. Started in 857, completed in 12th c.,but construction until 1613. Plan. (F)

Qarawiyyin Mosque. Fez, Morocco. Started in 857, completed in 12th c.,but construction until 1613. Aerial view. (F)

Qarawiyyin Mosque. Fez, Morocco. Started in 857, completed in 12th c.,but construction until 1613. Ablutions court. (F)

Qarawiyyin Mosque. Fez, Morocco. Started in 857, completed in 12th c.,but construction until 1613. Interior prayer hall. (F)

Object List

F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Kutubiyya Mosque, Marrakush. 1062. Exterior view. (F)

Kutubiyya Mosque, Marrakush. 1062. Minaret. (F)

Kutubiyya Mosque, Marrakush. 1062. Interior view. (F)

Qur’an. Maghribi, probably from Spain. 12th c. (F - 3 slides)

Minaret of Mosque of Hasan. Unfinished mosque built by al-Mansur.Rabat, Morocco. 1199. (F)

Las Navas de Tolosa banner. Morocco or Spain. Early 13th c. Silk, goldthread and gilt parchment. (F)

General view of Sevilla. (F)

Sevilla - monastery gate. (F)

Sevilla - the Alcazar. Entrance to the mudejar palace. (NiallChristie, Private Collection: <http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/FINA224slides/alcazarmudejarentrance.jpg>.)

Sevilla - interior of Alcazar, showing arches. (F)

Sevilla - interior of Alcazar, showing greenspace. (F)

Interior view of Alcazar, Sevilla. Detail of stucco work. (F)

Interior view of Alcazar, Sevilla. Detail of ceilings and arches. (F)

Interior view of Alcazar, Sevilla. The throne room. (F)

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Interior view of Alcazar, Sevilla. The throne room. (Javier LobatoDomínguez and Angel Martín Esteban, Reales Alcázares deSevilla (Spain: Editorial Escudo de Oro, S.A., n.d.), p. 38.)

Interior view of Alcazar, Sevilla. Dome of the throne room. (F)

Interior view of Alcazar, Sevilla. Dome of the throne room. (NiallChristie, Private Collection: <http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/FINA224slides/alcazarambassdome.jpg>.)

Interior view of Alcazar, Sevilla. Dragon sculpture supporting balconyin throne room. (Niall Christie, Private Collection: <http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/FINA224slides/alcazarambassdragon.jpg>.)

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Interior view of Alcazar, Sevilla. Balcony in throne room. (NiallChristie, Private Collection: <http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/FINA224slides/alcazarambassbalcony.jpg>.)

Interior view of Alcazar, Sevilla. 16th c. paintings by Diego de Esquivelin throne room. (Javier Lobato Domínguez and Angel MartínEsteban, Reales Alcázares de Sevilla (Spain: Editorial Escudode Oro, S.A., n.d.), p. 40.)

Interior view of Alcazar, Sevilla. Inscriptions in throne room. (NiallChristie, Private Collection: <http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/FINA224slides/alcazarambassinscrips.jpg>.)

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Panoramic view. (F)

Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Plan. (F)

Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Palace of the LionsCutaway Map. (Jon Trout (trans.), The Alhambra in Focus(Spain: Edilux s.l., 2006), p. 98.)

Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Fountain in the Court of theLions in 19th century and 2006. (John Chidley (trans.), TheAlhambra and Generalife (Spain: Editorial Comares, n.d.),pp. 66-67; and Niall Christie, Personal Collection: <http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/FINA224slides/alhambralions.JPG>.)

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Court of the Lions. (F)

Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Court of the Lions, overallview. (F)

Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Court of the Lions. Interiordetail of lavish surface ornament. (F)

Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Court of the Lions. Detailof stalactite decorations. (F)

Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c.Hall of the Abencerrajes. (A)

Fountain in the Hall of the Abencerrajes. (Niall Christie, PersonalCollection: <http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/FINA224slides/alhambraabencfountain.JPG>.)

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Ceiling in the Hall of theAbencerrajes. Photograph by Amila Blazevic. (Niall Christie,Personal Collection: <http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/FINA224slides/alhambraabencceiling.jpg>.)

Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Hall of the Abencerrajes.Ceiling. (Jon Trout (trans.), The Alhambra in Focus, pp. 112-13.)

Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Outside view of the ceiling ofthe Hall of the Abencerrajes. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection:<http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/FINA224slides/alhambraabencroof.JPG>.)

Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Hall of the Kings. Ceiling.(Jon Trout (trans.), The Alhambra in Focus, p. 116.)

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Detail of arch in the Hall ofthe Kings. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection: <http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/FINA224slides/alhambrakingsdetail.JPG>.)

Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Ceiling paintings in the Hallof the Kings. (Jon Trout (trans.), The Alhambra in Focus, p. 117.)

Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Hall of the Two Sisters. (F)

Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Paving slabs in the Hallof the Two Sisters. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection:<http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/FINA224slides/alhambrasistslabs.JPG>.)

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Inscriptions in the Hall ofthe Two Sisters. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection:<http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/FINA224slides/alhambrasistinscrip.JPG>.)

Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Hall of the Two Sisters.Ceiling. (F)

Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Hall of the Two Sisters.Ceiling. (Jon Trout (trans.), The Alhambra in Focus), pp. 120-21.)

Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Inscription in the Hall of theAmbassadors. “Say little and leave in peace.” (Niall Christie,Personal Collection: <http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/FINA224slides/alhambraambassinscrip.JPG>.)