periyarpollution

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*



POLLUTION OF PERIYARRIVERvv



*The periyar river is the longest river in

the state of kerala in india.*The length of periyar is 300 km.

*It is also known as “The life line of

kerala”.

*The sources of the periyar is in the

sivagiri hills of Western ghats range

in Tamil Nadu.

Location map of the Periyar Origin Sivagiri Hills on Western

Ghats

Mouth Arabian Sea

Basin countries India

Length 300 km

Source elevation 1830 m

Avg. discharge 154 m³/s

Basin area 5396 sq. km

http://wapedia.mobi/en/Source_(river_or_stream)

http://wapedia.mobi/en/Arabian_Sea

http://wapedia.mobi/en/Drainage_basin

http://wapedia.mobi/en/India


http://wapedia.mobi/en/Discharge_(hydrology)

http://wapedia.mobi/en/Discharge_(hydrology)


http://wapedia.mobi/en/India

http://wapedia.mobi/en/Drainage_basin

http://wapedia.mobi/en/Arabian_Sea


http://wapedia.mobi/en/File:Location_of_Peiryar_River_Kerala.png



*Annual flow of river is 11607 cubic meters.

*During its journey to the Arabian Sea at Cochin

river is enriched with water of minor tributaries likeMuthayar, Perunthuraiar, Chinnar, Cheruthony,

Kattappanayar and Edamalayar at different junctures

*Major role : power generation ,domestic water

supply,irrigation,tourism,fisheries etc.



*

*The idukki dam on the periyar

generates a significant proportion of

kerala‟s Electrical power.

* The river serves as the major water

source for five drought-prone

districts in the state of Tamil Nadu,

including Theni, Madurai and

Ramanathapuram.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Idukki_dam.JPG





*

Angamaly to Kochi come under the most industrialized

zone of the Periyar river basin. There are over 50 large

and medium industries and over 2500 small scale

industries in this region.

The southern branch of Marthandapuzha which cater to

the needs of these industries is estimated to have a lean

water flow of 8200 cum/sec which the monsoon flow is

calculated as 150-250 cum/sec.

The industries located in Edayar–Eloor area consumes

about 189343 cum per day water from the day and

discharge about 75% as used water along with largequantity of effluents and pollutants.



*The major types of these industries are fertilizers,

pesticides, chemicals and allied industries, petroleum

refining and heavy metal processing, radioactive mineral

processing, rubber processing units, animal boneprocessing units, battery manufacturers, mercury

products, acid manufacturers, pigment and latex

producers etc.



*The industrial belt of Eloor in Kerala is one of the

world‟s „top toxic hot spots‟, according to international

environment group Greenpeace.

* Periyar River is home to more than 247 chemical

industries, including the only DDT-producing facility in

India.



*

WATER POLLUTION

SOIL POLLUTION

AIR POLLUTION

NOISE POLLUTION



*

*Industries in the eloor industrial zonedischarge waste into the river.

*Highest concentration of toxic substance isfound at kuzhikandom Thodu.Its stream iscontaminated with 111 toxic substance out of which 39 are extremely toxic.

*In 1999 Greenpeace declared Eloor as 35th toxic hot spot in the world.



Periyar River is home to more than 247 chemicalindustries, including the only DDT-producing facility inIndia.

*The major water quality problem associated with rivers of kerala is bacteriological pollution.

Gypsum a radio active substance is being dumped in

large quantities in Eloor.

*Gas emissions let in to the air include acid mists.



*Eloor contain 100 organic compounds includingDDT,endosulfan,isomers like hexachlorocylcohexane, apersistent pesticide.

*The temperature in periyar river is increasing .

*The presence of chloride,fluroide,nitrate,phosphate andiron in the water is alarming.

*One can taste DDT in tender coconut water and in mallardduck eggs.



*The soil,water bodies and the

wetlands in and around eloor have

been contaminated with heavymetals like:

Zinc,Lead,Cadmium,Chromium and

Persistent Organic pollutants like

DDT.











*

CAUSES NO.OFRESPODENT PERCENTAGE(%)

Industrial

Waste28 56

Domestic

Waste

5 10

Radioactive

Waste

7 14

AgriculturalWaste

4 8

Washing the

Vehicles

6 12

Total 50 100



*

56

10 14 8 12

Percentage

Percentage



*

*Largest industrial cluster, theUdyogamandal Industrial Estate.

*Newly established Merchem pose a greatthreat Eloor area.

*There are about 250 industries including

the prominent ones like FACT, HIL,IREL.*Greenpeace holds the HindustanInsecticides Ltd (HIL) that has beenmanufacturing pesticides at its Eloorplant responsible for making the

industrial village a toxic hotspot.



*Chemical pollutants are the chlorinated hydrocarbon

pesticides, such as DDT, aldrin, and dieldrin .

*The polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are used in

a variety of industrial processes.

*In the manufacture of many kinds of materials such

metals as mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, and beryllium



*

*Extensive damage of paddy fields and other farm lands in the

area.

*Large scale destruction of aquatic life.

An island in the Periyar river, unchecked pollution from HIL

has resulted in diseases like cancer, congenital birth defects,

bronchitis, asthma, allergic dermatitis and stomach ulcers in

the local population.



*People who ingest polluted water can

become ill and with prolonged

exposure,may develop cancers or bearchildren with birth defects.

*Hearing loss,stress,high blood

pressure,sleep loss distraction and lost

productivity.

*It said children face 2.63 times higher risk

of malformation due to congenital and

chromosomal aberrations.



*Chances of death due to an accident are

2.7 times higher. Chances that children

may die due to birth defects haveincreased 3.8 times.

*Death due to bronchitis at Eloor is up by

3.4 times. Death due to asthma is up by

2.2 times, the study stated.

*



*

*Gram Panchayat had cancelled the license of Merchem

company in 1998.

*In fact, the Indian Rare Earths Plant on Eloor, a Central

Government of India Undertaking under the

administrative control of the Department of Atomic

Energy (DAE),Is storing radioactive waste.

*An estimated 20,000 tonnes of thorium is stored

In six buildings on the riverbank of the Periyar.



*In six buildings on the riverbank of thePeriyar.

*The first of these buildings is only twometers away from the river and onceused as a garage, it was converted intoa storage place without safetymeasures.

*



*

*Certain laws should be stregthenened by the government

against the disposal of industrial waste into the rivers.

*The government and voluntary organisations should take

initiatives in creating power awareness among the societyregarding the ill effects of river pollution.

*The panchayathRaj institutions should also take the ability

of ensuring cleanliness and good quality of the waterresourses including rivers.



*All the families in the urban and rural areas have to be

provided with sanitary toilets that would avoid the domestic

wastes to enter rivers upto a certain level.

*Community level domestic wastes management systems have

to be developed and implemented.

*Collaboration with international environmental agencies will

help the government to create a better policy to protect the

rivers.



*Media should take up the issue of river pollution and should

sensitize the people through the most appropriate manner..

*Different water shed management technique familiarized

among the public and voluntary organisation.

*



*

*The problems associated with water pollution have the

capabilities to distrupt life on our planet to a great extent.

*Governing party has passed laws to try to combat water

pollution thus ackowledging the fact that water pollutionis,indeed,a serious issue.But the government alone cannotsolve the entire problem.

*It is ultimately up to us,to be informed,responsible andinvolved when it comes to the problems we face with ourwater.



*Industrial pollution has been continues to be major factor causing

the degradation of the environment around us,affecting the water we

use, the air we breathe and the soil we live on.



*THANK YOU

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