PERPUSTAKAAN 'JTHM

" 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 5 4 0 1 0 *

DEVELOPMENT OF A DRIVER INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTIC II COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL

By

MOHAMAD FAUZI BIN ZAKARIA

Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science

July 2007

DEDICATION

I dedicate this thesis to my family especially my mother and wife who prayed all the time for my success.

ii

Abstract of thesis presented to the Senate of Universiti Putra Malaysia in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science

DEVELOPMENT OF A DRIVER INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTIC II COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL

By

MOHAMAD FAUZI BIN ZAKARIA

July 2007

Chairman : Associate Professor Ishak bin Aris, PhD

Faculty : Engineering

An On-Board Diagnostic II (OBD-II) is a standard diagnostic software management

that is installed in a Powertrain Control Module (PCM). It provides some useful data

to the driver. There are four different devices using the OBD-II protocol exists in the

market that can be used as a driver information system. They are personal digital

assistant Dyno/OBD-II scan tool, CarChip Fleet, DriveRight 600, and ScanGauge II.

Each of these four devices has some limitation in term of supporting all features for

live data monitoring, diagnostic trouble code scanning, trip information, and data

logging system. Thus, there is a need for a device that supports all these features

together with scheduled service reminder. This thesis describes the design and

development of a driver information system based on OBD-II protocol. Its hardware

and software systems were designed based on four design considerations: upgrade

capability, high data storage capacity, back-up capability, and user friendly. The

proposed system consists of an 8-bit microcontroller, a buffer memory, a liquid

crystal display, a real time clock, a MultiMediaCard, an OBD-II interpreter unit, and

iii

p o w e r supply unit. This sy s t em w a s s u c c e s s f u l l y interfaced and tested wi th the P C M

o f Hyundai Getz car.

VI

Abstrak tes is yang d ikemukakan kepada Senat Univers i t i Putra Malays ia sebagai m e m e n u h i keperluan untuk ijazah Master Sains

PEMBANGUNAN SATU SISTEM MAKLUMAT PEMANDU BERASASKAN KOMUNIKASI PROTOKOL DIAGNOSTIK ATAS PAPAN II

O l e h

MOHAMAD FAUZI BIN ZAKARIA

Julai 2007

Pengerusi : Profesor Madya Ishak bin Aris, PhD

Fakulti : Kejuruteraan

D i a g n o s t i k atas papan II ( O B D - I I ) merupakan peris ian p iawaian pengurusan

diagnost ik y a n g d imasukkan ke dalam m o d u l kawalan kuasa enjin ( P C M ) . Ia

m e n y e d i a k a n maklumat tertentu kepada pemandu . Terdapat empat peralatan di

pasaran yang m e n g g u n a k a n protokol O B D - I I ini yang b o l e h d igunakan sebagai

s i s t em maklumat pemanduan. Peralatan-peralatan ini adalah D y n o / O B D - I I alat

p e n g e s a n berasaskan pembantu digital peribadi, CarChip Fleet, DriveRight 600, dan

ScanGauge II. Set iap peralatan ini m e m p u n y a i k e l e m a h a n dalam memaparkan data

semasa , m e n g e s a n kod masa lah diagnost ik , melaporkan maklumat perjalanan, dan

p e n y i m p a n a n s i s tem data. O l e h itu, sebuah s i s tem yang m e m p u n y a i ciri-ciri tersebut

beserta ciri tambahan pengingat servis berjadual perlu dibangunkan. Thes i s ini

m e m b i n c a n g k a n rekabentuk dan p e m b a n g u n a n sebuah s i s tem maklumat pemanduan

berasaskan protokol OBD-II . Perkakas dan perisian s i s tem ini direkabentuk

berdasarkan empat pert imbangan iaitu kebolehnaiktarafan, p e n y i m p a n a n data

berkapasiti t inggi , k e m a m p u a n p e n y i m p a n a n kekal , dan mesra pengguna . S i s tem

v

cadangan ini m e n g g u n a k a n satu unit mikropengawal 8-bit . memor i sementara.

paparan kristal cecair, j a m m a s a sebenar, kad mul t imedia , penterjemah O B D - I I , dan

bekalan kuasa. S i s t em ini berjaya diuji dengan P C M kereta Hyundai Getz .

VI

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to A l l a h S . W . T that f ina l ly I can c o m p l e t e m y thesis .

First and foremost , I w o u l d l ike to express m y appreciat ion and gratitude to m y

supervisory c o m m i t t e e ; A s s o c i a t e Professor Dr. Ishak b in Aris (Chairman),

A s s o c i a t e Professor Dr. Senan M a h m o d Abdul lah , and Dr. Ros l ina S idek for their

cont inuous trust and support throughout m y master ' s research. I w o u l d a l so l ike to

thank for their careful r ev i ew , correct ions and s u g g e s t i o n s for the i m p r o v e m e n t o f

this thesis .

Special thanks to Mr. Khairul N i z a m for h is support, and other m e m b e r s o f E C U

group that g i v e s o m e adv ice and va luable ideas.

vi i

I cert i fy that an E x a m i n a t i o n C o m m i t t e e has m e t o n 20 t h July 2 0 0 7 to conduct the f inal e x a m i n a t i o n o f M o h a m a d Fauzi bin Zakaria o n his Master o f S c i e n c e thes is ent i t led " D e v e l o p m e n t o f a Dr iver Informat ion S y s t e m B a s e d on On-Board D i a g n o s t i c II C o m m u n i c a t i o n Protoco l" in accordance w i t h Univers i t i Pertanian M a l a y s i a (Higher D e g r e e ) A c t 1 9 8 0 and Univers i t i Pertanian M a l a y s i a (Higher D e g r e e ) R e g u l a t i o n s 1981 . The C o m m i t t e e r e c o m m e n d s that the candidate be awarded the re levant degree . M e m b e r s o f the E x a m i n a t i o n C o m m i t t e e are as f o l l o w s :

Ir. Norman Mariun, PhD P r o f e s s o r Facu l ty o f E n g i n e e r i n g Univers i t i Putra M a l a y s i a (Chairman)

Hashim Hizam, PhD Lecturer Facu l ty o f E n g i n e e r i n g Univers i t i Putra M a l a y s i a (Internal E x a m i n e r )

Syed Javaid Iqbal, PhD Lecturer Facu l ty o f E n g i n e e r i n g Univers i t i Putra M a l a y s i a (Internal E x a m i n e r )

Shamsudin Hj Mohd. Amin, PhD P r o f e s s o r Facu l ty o f Electr ical Eng ineer ing Univers i t i T e k n o l o g i M a l a y s i a (External E x a m i n e r )

( ^ I H A S A N M * ^ ? Professor r O e p u l

flD. GHAZALI, PhD y D e a n

S c h o o l o f Graduate Studies Univers i t i Putra M a l a y s i a

Date: 16 A u g u s t 2 0 0 7

V l l l

This thes i s submitted to the Senate o f Univers i t i Putra M a l a y s i a and has b e e n accepted as fu l f i lment o f the requirement for the degree o f Master o f Sc i ence . T h e m e m b e r s o f the Superv i sory C o m m i t t e e are as f o l l o w s :

Ishak Aris, PhD A s s o c i a t e Profes sor Facul ty o f Eng ineer ing Univers i t i Putra M a l a y s i a (Chairman)

Senan Mahmod Abdullah, PhD A s s o c i a t e Professor Facul ty o f Eng ineer ing Univers i t i Putra M a l a y s i a ( M e m b e r )

Roslina Mohd Sidek, PhD Lecturer Facul ty o f Eng ineer ing Univers i t i Putra M a l a y s i a ( M e m b e r )

- -fl-. J- -AINIIDERIS, PhD Profes sor /Dean Schoo l o f Graduate Studies Univers i t i Putra M a l a y s i a

Date: 13 September 2 0 0 7

ix

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the thes is is based on m y original work except for quotat ions and citat ions w h i c h have been duly a c k n o w l e d g e d . I a lso declare that it has not been prev ious ly or concurrently submitted for any other degree at U P M or other institutions.

MOHAMAD FAUZI ZAKARIA

Date: 2 7 July 2 0 0 7

x

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

DEDICATION ii ABSTRACT iii ABSTRAK v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii APPROVAL viii DECLARATION x LIST OF TABLES xiii LIST OF FIGURES xv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xx

CHAPTER

1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.1 B a c k g r o u n d 1.2 1.2 P r o b l e m Statement 1.3 1.3 Objec t ives 1.5 1.4 S c o p e s 1.6 1.5 Contribut ions 1.6 1.6 T h e s i s Out l ine 1.7

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 2.1 Introduction 2.1 2 . 2 O B D - I I T e c h n o l o g y 2.1

2 .2 .1 D i a g n o s t i c Standards 2.1 2 . 2 . 2 D i a g n o s t i c C o m m u n i c a t i o n Protocol 2 .2 2 .2 .3 D i a g n o s t i c Connec tor 2 .3 2 . 2 . 4 D i a g n o s t i c M e s s a g e Format 2 .3 2 .2 .5 Generic D i a g n o s t i c Serv ice M o d e s 2 .5 2 . 2 . 6 Enhanced D i a g n o s t i c Serv ice M o d e s 2 . 6 2 .2 .7 D i a g n o s t i c Trouble C o d e 2 .7 2 .2 .8 Scan T o o l s T e c h n o l o g y 2 .9

2 .3 Ex i s t ing S y s t e m A n d Related Work 2 .11 2 .3 .1 O v e r v i e w o f Ex i s t ing Product 2 .11 2 . 3 . 2 O B D - I I S y s t e m Interface 2 . 1 6 2 .3 .3 D T C Scanning S y s t e m 2 . 1 7 2 . 3 . 4 Trip Information S y s t e m 2 . 1 8 2 .3 .5 Data L o g g i n g S y s t e m 2 .23

2 . 4 Portable Flash Storage 2 . 2 4 2 .4 .1 Flash M e m o r y Card 2 . 2 5 2 . 4 . 2 M M C T e c h n o l o g y 2 . 2 8 2 .4 .3 Fi le S y s t e m Format O v e r v i e w 2 .33

2 .5 S u m m a r y 2 . 3 5

xi

3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 3.1 Project O v e r v i e w 3.1 3 .2 S y s t e m Requirement 3.3 3 .3 S y s t e m Architecture 3 .5 3 .4 Hardware D e s i g n 3 .7

3 .4 .1 Microcontrol ler Un i t 3 .8 3 .4 .2 B u f f e r M e m o r y Uni t 3 .11 3 .4 .3 A lphanumer ic Liquid Crystal D i s p l a y Uni t 3 . 1 2 3 . 4 . 4 N a v i g a t i o n But tons Uni t 3 . 1 5 3 .4 .5 Real T i m e Clock Uni t 3 . 1 6 3 .4 .6 Mul t iMediaCard Uni t 3 .17 3 . 4 . 7 O B D - I I Interface Unit 3 . 1 9 3 .4 .8 M a i n P o w e r Supply Uni t 3 . 2 0

3 .5 Sof tware D e s i g n 3 . 2 2 3 .5 .1 L o w - L e v e l So f tware 3 . 2 2 3 . 5 . 2 H i g h - L e v e l So f tware 3 . 4 2

3 .6 S u m m a r y 3 .63

4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1 4.1 Introduction 4.1 4 .2 Hardware D e v e l o p m e n t 4.1 4 .3 So f tware D e v e l o p m e n t 4 .3 4 . 4 S y s t e m Interfacing Tes t ing 4 .3

4 .4 .1 N a v i g a t i o n But tons 4 . 4 4 . 4 . 2 B u f f e r M e m o r y and L C D 4.5 4 .4 .3 Real T i m e C l o c k 4 .8 4 . 4 . 4 Mul t iMediaCard 4 .9 4 .4 .5 O B D - I I 4 . 1 5

4 .5 S y s t e m Test ing 4 . 1 8 4 . 6 Benchmark and D i s c u s s i o n 4 .23 4 .7 S u m m a r y 4 . 2 6

5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 5.1 5.1 C o n c l u s i o n s 5.1 5 .2 R e c o m m e n d a t i o n s for Future Work 5.3

5 .2 .1 O B D - I I Data 5.3 5 .2 .2 Operating S y s t e m Improvement 5 .3 5 .2 .3 D T C Descr ipt ion 5.3 5 . 2 . 4 Graphical L C D 5 .4 5 .2 .5 Prompt Warning 5 .4 5 .2 .6 Fuel C o n s u m p t i o n 5 .4 5 .2 .7 Data Performance L o g g i n g 5 .4 5 .2 .8 Serv ice Reminder 5.5

REFERENCES R.1 APPENDICES A.l BIODATA OF THE AUTHOR B. 1 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS B.2

xi i

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

2.1 S o m e o f O B D - I I Standards 2 .2

2 .2 C o m m u n i c a t i o n Protocol 2 . 2

2 .3 M e s s a g e Format for ISO 9 1 4 2 - 2 , ISO 1 4 2 3 0 - 4 and S A E J 1 8 5 0 2 .4

2 .4 M e s s a g e Format for ISO 1 5 7 6 5 - 4 2 .5

2 .5 O B D - I I Serv ice M o d e 2 . 6

2 . 6 S u b s y s t e m Groups for Gener ic D T C 2 . 9

2 .7 G a u g e Abbrev ia t ion and Support 2 . 1 5

2 .8 E L M 3 2 7 and O E 9 0 C 2 6 0 0 C o m p a r i s o n 2 . 1 7

2 . 9 Data T y p e and Triggering M o d e o f CarChip's Data Record ing 2 . 2 4

2 . 1 0 Portable Flash M e m o r y Card (Normal Spec i f i ca t ion) Compar i son 2 . 2 7

2 .11 M M C Product T e c h n o l o g y 2 . 2 8

2 . 1 2 S y s t e m Spec i f i ca t ion and Pin Arrangement Compar i son 2 . 2 9

2 .13 Operating S y s t e m Support for C o m m o n File S y s t e m 2 . 3 5

3.1 M a i n C o m p o n e n t s for E a c h Uni t 3 .8

3 .2 A T 8 9 S 8 2 5 2 Spec i f i ca t ion 3 .9

3 .3 U T 6 2 2 5 6 Spec i f i ca t ion 3.11

3 .4 L C D Spec i f i ca t ion 3 .13

3 .5 L C D Pin Funct ion 3 . 1 4

3 .6 D S 1 3 0 7 Spec i f i ca t ion 3 .17

3 .7 M M C Pin Connec t ion o f Proposed S y s t e m 3 . 1 8

3.8 C o m p o n e n t ' s M a x i m u m P o w e r Supply Current o f Proposed S y s t e m 3.21

3 .9 D S 1 3 0 7 T i m i n g Diagram Explanat ion

xi i i

3 .27

3 . 1 0 T h e Se lec ted C o m m a n d List 3 . 3 4

3 .11 M M C C o m m a n d Format 3 . 3 4

3 . 1 2 R1 R e s p o n s e Format 3 . 3 4

3 .13 Data T o k e n 3 . 3 5

3 . 1 4 Data R e s p o n s e 3 .35

3 .15 Data Error T o k e n 3 .35

3 . 1 6 Events and Sub-Tasks in Ready State Operat ion 3 .57

3 . 1 7 O B D - I I Data for Data Co l l ec t ion 3 .58

3 .18 Data L o g g i n g for C S V Format 3 . 6 2

4.1 Interface Tes t ing T o o l s 4 . 4

4 . 2 S y s t e m Tes t ing Status 4 .21

4 .3 Proposed S y s t e m Spec i f i ca t ion 4 . 2 4

4 . 4 T h e Proposed S y s t e m and Current S y s t e m s Compar i son 4 . 2 5

x i v

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

2.1 Data Link Connector 2.3

2 .2 O B D - I I D T C Ident i f icat ion Format 2 .8

2 .3 P D A - D y n o Scan T o o l Connec t ion 2 . 1 2

2 .4 Screen shoots o f P D A Scan T o o l 2 . 1 2

2 .5 CarChip Fleet and Dr iveRight 6 0 0 2 .13

2 .6 R P M Data L o g g i n g 2 . 1 4

2 .7 S c a n G a u g e II 2 . 1 5

2 .8 G a u g e Data D i s p l a y 2 .15

2 . 9 D T C Report us ing CarChip Fleet 2 . 1 8

2 . 1 0 Graphical U s e r Interface for S c a n G a u g e ' s D T C D i s p l a y 2 . 1 8

2 .11 S c a n G a u g e ' s Trip Informat ion D i sp lay 2 . 2 0

2 . 1 2 Trip Informat ion S y s t e m in the Se lec ted Hyundai Getz 2 .21

2 .13 A V R - B a s e d Fuel C o n s u m p t i o n S y s t e m 2 .21

2 . 1 4 M M C Architecture and Regis ter Descr ip t ion 2 . 3 0

2 . 1 5 O v e r v i e w o f Mul t iMediaCard B u s Protoco ls 2 .31

2 . 1 6 T w o Clusters and Eight Sectors 2 . 3 4

3.1 S y s t e m O v e r v i e w o f Proposed S y s t e m 3.1

3 .2 Project Act iv i t i e s 3 .2

3 .3 Proposed S y s t e m Features 3 .3

3 .4 S y s t e m Architecture o f Proposed S y s t e m 3 .6

3 .5 Bas i c Microcontrol ler Circuit o f Proposed S y s t e m 3 . 1 0

3 .6 B u f f e r M e m o r y Circuit o f Proposed S y s t e m 3 . 1 2

3 .7 A lphanumer ic L C D Architecture 3 .13

x v

3.8 T i m i n g Compar i son B e t w e e n L C D and Microcontrol ler 3 . 1 4

3 .9 Schemat i c o f L C D o f Proposed S y s t e m 3 .15

3 . 1 0 N a v i g a t i o n But tons Circuit o f Proposed S y s t e m 3 . 1 6

3 .11 D S 1 3 0 7 Real T i m e Clock Schemat i c D iagram o f Proposed

S y s t e m 3 . 1 7

3 . 1 2 M M C Circuit o f Proposed S y s t e m 3 . 1 9

3 .13 O B D - I I Interface Circuit o f Proposed S y s t e m 3 . 2 0

3 . 1 4 Main P o w e r Supply Circuit o f Proposed S y s t e m 3 .21

3 .15 Address M a p p i n g for B u f f e r M e m o r y and L C D o f the Proposed S y s t e m 3 .23

3 .16 Initialization, Write C o m m a n d and Write Data Subroutines o f

L C D 3 . 2 4

3 . 1 7 Data and M e n u Area for 2 0 x 4 L C D 3 . 2 4

3 .18 L C D Subroutines for Graphical U s e r Interface D i sp lay 3 .25

3 . 1 9 N a v i g a t i o n Buttons F l o w Chart 3 .26

3 . 2 0 D S 1 3 0 7 T i m i n g Diagram 3 .27

3.21 I 2 C Start and Stop Condit ion F l o w Chart 3 .28

3 . 2 2 I2C Transmit and R e c e i v e F l o w Chart 3 . 2 9

3 .23 Data Write M o d e 3 . 3 0

3 . 2 4 Data Read M o d e 3.31

3 .25 D S 1 3 0 7 Regis ter A d d r e s s 3 .31

3 . 2 6 Write and Read M o d e o f R T C L o w - L e v e l F l o w Chart 3 . 3 2

3 .27 SPI Master -S lave Interconnect ion and C o m m u n i c a t i o n F l o w

Chart 3 . 3 6

3 .28 Send C o m m a n d , Set, Write, and Read a B l o c k Subroutine 3 . 3 7

3 . 2 9 S ing le B l o c k Write and Read Operation in SPI M o d e 3 .38

3 . 3 0 Initialization Subroutine 3 . 3 9 xvi

3.31 Data B y t e frame o f Transmiss ion and R e c e i v i n g Format 3 . 4 0

3 . 3 2 U A R T Setup and R e c e i v e Subroutines 3 .41

3 .33 U A R T Transmit and B u s y C h e c k i n g Subroutine 3 . 4 2

3 . 3 4 H i g h - L e v e l Operation 3 .43

3 .35 F l o w Control o f B a s i c Sof tware 3 .45

3 .36 F A T Structure on a M M C 3 . 4 6

3 .37 F A T 16 B o o t Record 3 .47

3 .38 F A T Table 3 .48

3 . 3 9 Directory Table 3 . 4 9

3 . 4 0 Intel, hex Fi le Format 3 .51

3.41 Stage 1 Operation F l o w Chart 3 .53

3 . 4 2 Tasks States 3 . 5 6

3 .43 Defaul t to M e n u Di sp lay Operation 3 . 5 9

3 . 4 4 Live Data D i sp lay Operation 3 . 5 9

3 .45 Diagnos t i c Trouble C o d e ( D T C ) D i sp lay Operation 3 . 6 0

3 .46 Trip Information Disp lay Operation 3 .61

3 .47 Service Reminder Di sp lay Operation 3 .61

3 .48 Clock Sett ing Di sp lay Operation 3.61

3 . 4 9 About D i sp lay Operation 3.61

3 . 5 0 Stage 3 Operation F l o w Chart 3 .63

4.1 Board 1 4 .2

4 .2 Board 2 4 .2

4 .3 C o m p l e t e S y s t e m in a B o x 4 .2

4 .4 Interfacing Test with L o g i c Ana lyzer 4 . 4

4 .5 B o u n c i n g Signal o f the Button 4 .5

xv i i

4 .6 Z o o m - i n o f First 2 2 . 8 4 m s Area 4.5

4 .7 Simulat ion Snapshot 4 .6

4 .8 L C D Output Disp lay 4 .7

4 .9 L C D Data Communicat ion 4 .7

4 . 1 0 Buf fer M e m o r y Content in Simulat ion Software 4 .8

4 .11 Write and Read Operation in External R A M 4.8

4 .12 Write M o d e Operation 4 .9

4 .13 Write and Read Operation 4 .9

4 . 1 4 Generate 8 Clock for 10 T i m e s with SS Act ive L o w 4 . 1 0

4 .15 CMDO and Response ( Olh) 4 .10

4 .16 M M C in Idle M o d e 4 .11

4 .17 C M D 1 and Response (OOh) 4 .11

4 .18 Write Operation 4 .12

4 . 1 9 Write C o m m a n d and Response 4 .12

4 . 2 0 Start Data Token (FEh) and Data 4 .12

4.21 Checksum Transmiss ion and Response from Card 4 .12

4 .22 B u s y Signal After Write Operation for 1200 Clock Pulses 4 .13

4 .23 M M C Data V i e w in the W i n H e x Software 4 .13

4 . 2 4 Read Operation 4 .14

4 .25 C M D 1 7 and Response 4 . 1 4

4 .26 Clock Pulses De lay For Data Token Start Signal 4 . 1 4

4 .27 Read Operation Data and Checksum Bytes 4 . 1 4

4 .28 OBD-II Connector and Pin Des ignat ion 4 .15

4 .29 OBD-II Test ing Setup in Hyundai Getz 4 .16

4 . 3 0 Battery Vol tage Reading 4 .16

xvi i i

4.31 Searching Data M e s s a g e 4 . 1 7

4 . 3 2 O B D - I I Data 4 . 1 7

4 .33 N o Data M e s s a g e 4 . 1 8

4 . 3 4 U n a b l e to Connec t M e s s a g e 4 .18

4 . 3 5 S y s t e m Tes t ing 4 . 1 9

4 . 3 6 Pattern 1 o f Cooperat ive Kernel 4 . 1 9

4 . 3 7 Pattern 2, 3, 4 and 5 o f Cooperat ive Kernel 4 . 2 0

4 . 3 8 Trip Information S u m m a r y in M i c r o s o f t E x c e l and N o t e p a d 4 . 2 2

4 . 3 9 Serv ice Reminder Data in M i c r o s o f t E x c e l and N o t e p a d 4 . 2 2

4 . 4 0 Folder A l l o c a t i o n in M M C 4 . 2 3

x i x

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

A B S Ant i l ock Braking S y s t e m

C A N Control ler Area N e t w o r k

C R C C y c l i c R e d u n d a n c y C h e c k

D T C D i a g n o s t i c Trouble C o d e s

D y n o D y n a m o m e t e r

E C G Electrocardiogram

E C U Electronic Control Unit

E E G Elec troencephalographic

E O B D European On-board D i a g n o s t i c S y s t e m s

E R R Error D e t e c t i o n B y t e

F A T Fi le A l l o c a t i o n Table

G UI Graphical U s e r Interface

ISO International Standards Organizat ion

M A F M a s s Air F l o w

M I L M a l f u n c t i o n Indicator Light

M M C Mult iMediaCard

M M C A Mult iMediaCard A s s o c i a t i o n

M P G M i l e s per Gal lon

M S B M o s t S igni f icant Bi ts

N T F S N e w Table Fi le S y s t e m

O B D - I On-board Diagnos t i c Generat ion - I

O B D - I I On-board D i a g n o s t i c Generat ion - I I

O E M Original Equipment Manufacturer

P C M Powertrain Control M o d u l e

x x

P D A Persona] Digital Ass i s tant

R T C Real T i m e Clock

S A E Soc ie ty o f A u t o m o t i v e Engineers

S D Secure Digi ta l

SPI Serial Peripheral Interface

S R A M Static R a n d o m A c c e s s M e m o r y

S R S Supplementa l Restraint S y s t e m

U A R T Universa l A s y n c h r o n o u s Rece iver Transmitter

V P M Variable Pu l se Modula t ion

V S S V e h i c l e Speed S e n s o r

XXI

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Every automobi l e is equipped wi th electrical instrumentation panel as a driver

informat ion centre, formerly k n o w n as a dashboard. It contains various gauges ,

indicators and warning l ights that provide valuable information to the driver [1].

G a u g e s provide scaled indicat ion o f the sys t em condit ion. Normal ly , they c o m e wi th

f i v e bas ic g a u g e s that are found on all instrumentation panels: a speedometer , an

odometer , a tachometer , a fuel level gauge , and a temperature gauge . Whereas , the

indicator l ights supply information o f someth ing that has been turned on, such as

high beam and turn signal . Whi le , warning l ights g ive not i f icat ion to the driver about

the funct ioning problems in s o m e sys t ems or there is a situation ex is ts that must be

f ixed . The e x a m p l e s o f the sy s t ems that have warning l ights are an eng ine

m a n a g e m e n t sys t em ( emis s ion related sys tem) , an airbag o f supplemental restraint

sys tem ( S R S ) , an anti lock braking sys t em ( A B S ) , an oil pressure, a brake f luid level

and a charging sys tem.

Another sys t em that has been integrated in s o m e o f instrumentation panel is a trip

information sys tem. This sy s t em provides vital data such as average or instantaneous

fuel consumpt ion , fuel remaining, average speed, m i l e s to empty fuel tank, est imated

t ime o f arrival, t ime, and date [2]. With this t echno logy , the driver can k n o w the

journey cost and try to m i n i m i z e fuel consumpt ion by control l ing the accelerat ion

pedal with suitable gear at certain speed.