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Personal Protection
From Arthropods
Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death
Objectiveهدف
Explain how to use personal protective
measures to minimize the risk of arthropod bites and vector borne diseases.
Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death
Overviewمرور
Effectiveness
Techniques
Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death
Can this hurt you?
4
Sandfly
Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death
Sure Can!!!
5
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis lesion on arm
Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death
World War II: ~90% of hospital cases due to diseases, most arthropod-borne.
Korea: ~60%.
Vietnam: ~64%.
Desert Shield/Storm -- ~68% -- short, relatively “clean,” reduced vector-borne disease potential.
Afghanistan: ~95% of cases due to infectious diseases (diarrhea, influenza, etc.)
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Military Impact ofDiseases and Non-Battle Injuries
Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death
Chemoprophylaxis and Vaccinations
Chemoprophylaxis:
Chemical ingested before exposure to a disease causing organism, circulates in the body and kills the pathogen
Does not change the immune system, thus requiring continued use before, during, and after the deployment
Examples: Chloroquine, Mefloquine, Doxycycline
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Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death
Chemoprophylaxis and Vaccinations Cont…
Vaccinations:
Live or killed disease organisms introduced before exposure to a disease
Change the immune system, allowing the body’s natural defenses to resist the disease
Examples: Yellow Fever, Japanese Encephalitis
Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death
Dwelling Places
Places where pests occur
Always check yourshoes…and clothes…and sleeping bag, etc….
Avoid Breeding Places
Avoid Habitats
Natural and man-made habitats
Check often for pests on or around your person
Check others for pests
Remove pests by picking them off, or with sticky tape, lint roller, etc.
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Avoidance
Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death
Avoid Times of Peak Abundance
Aedes-dusk/dawn, some day feeders
Anopheles-dusk/dawn
Culex-dusk/dawn and night
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Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death
Barriers
Oils, example: Baby Oil
Screens
Bed NetProperly Set up
Be sure the net is suspended
Tucked in, away from skin
Treated with permethrin
Head NetSuspended on head with hat band
Tucked into shirt collar
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Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death
Barriers: The Uniform
Proper Field Wear
Pants tucked into and bloused over boots
Ticks and other arthropods move up
Sleeves rolled down
Proper fit
Collar up and buttoned if necessary
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Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death
Repellents
Chemicals that repel attacking insects and other arthropods when applied to skin, clothing, or other surfaces.
Two modes of action:
Vaporepellent -- repels in dispersed form e.g DEET
Excitorepellent -- requires contact with concentrate e.g Permethrin
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Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death
Repellents
Many formulations and brands
DEET – skin and/or clothing application
Exposed skin
On personal netting (i.e. head nets)
May damage some clothing items…
Extended duration (33%) is safe and effective for 6-12 hours
Can be used with a sun screen, although the effectiveness of each will be slightly reduced.
Apply the sun screen first, then the DEET lotion
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Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death
Repellents
Permethrin –
Fabric application only!
Clothing treatment
Personal netting
Bed net, tent
Also “civilian” clothing – cotton and cotton-polyester outerwear items
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Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death
Permethrin Aerosal
1 aerosol can will treat 1 set of Uniforms (1 shirt & 1 pair of trousers) using about ¾ can
Do not treat underwear, socks, hat, etc.!
Treat outdoors, stay upwind, wear gloves or use a stick or hanger to handle the wet clothing
Use remainder on bet net
Let the uniform dry in a well-ventilated place!
Effective for 6 weeks or 6 launderings
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Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death
Individual Dynamic Absorption (IDA) Kit
Treat the shirt and pants according to the directions on the kit
Do not treat underwear, socks, hat, etc.!
Use kit gloves!
Let the uniform dry in a well-ventilated place!
Lasts for the life of the uniform
50 washes
Mark with date treated
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Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death
Deet and Permethrin Use
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%Bites onexposedskin
Untreated uniformno Deet on skin
Untreated uniformDeet on skin
Treated uniformno Deet on skin
Treated uniform +Deet on skin
N/A 83
96 12
98 99.99
2,287
99
54
2 99.94 100
% Bitesthroughuniform
17
88
0.01
0
No. of bitesin an8-9 hr day
% Reductionin No. of Bites(Protection)
Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death
EducationThe most important way to protect yourself
and a “Force Multiplier”
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Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death
Summary
Effectiveness
Techniques
Prevent Disease, Disability and Premature Death
Questions?
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