PRESENTED BY

ZAKIR HUSSAIN

What is Personality?People differ

from each other in meaningful ways

People seem to show some consistency in behavior

Personality is defined as distinctive and relatively enduring ways of thinking, feeling, and acting.

•Personality refers to a person’s unique and relatively stable pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions.•Personality is an interaction between biology and environment.

Four Theories of Personality

1.Trait (specific dimensions of personality)

2.Psychoanalytic ( unconscious

motivations)

3.Humanistic (inner capacity for growth)

4.Social-Cognitive (influence of environment)

Personality TraitsTraits are relatively stable and consistent

personal characteristicsTrait personality theories suggest that a

person can be described on the basis of some number of personality traitsAllport identified some 4,500 traitsCattel used factor analysis to identify 30-35 basic

traitsEysenck argued there are 3 distinct traits in

personality Extraversion/introversion Neuroticism Psychotocism

Allport

Emotional Stability•Calm/Anxious• Secure/Insecure

Extraversion•Sociable/Retiring• Fun Loving/Sober

Openness • Imaginative/Practical• Independent/Conforming

Agreeableness

Conscientiousness

• Soft-Hearted/Ruthless• Trusting/Suspicious

• Organized/Disorganized• Careful/Careless

Assessing Traits: An Example Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

(MMPI)the most widely researched and clinically

used of all personality testsdeveloped to identify emotional disorders

MMPI: examples

• Nothing in the newspaper interests me except the comics.”

• “I get angry sometimes.”

Psychoanalytic TheoryPsychoanalytic theory, as devised by Freud,

attempts to explain personality on the basis of unconscious mental forces

Levels of consciousness Conscious

What we’re aware of Preconscious

Memories etc. that can be recalled

UnconsciousWishes, feelings,

impulses that lies beyond awareness

Structures of Personality Id

Operates according to the “pleasure principle”

EgoOperates according to

the “reality” principle Superego

Contains values and ideals

Unconsciousbelow the surface

(thoughts, feelings,wishes, memories)

Repressionbanishing unacceptablethoughts & passions to

unconsciousDreams & Slips

“ The mind is like an iceburg – Mostly hidden”

Conscious Awarenesssmall part above surface

(Preconscious)

Freud & Personality StructureId - energy constantly striving to satisfy basic drives

Pleasure Principle

Ego - seeks to gratify the Id in realistic waysReality Principle

Super Ego- voice of consciencethat focuses on howwe ought to behave

EgoSuperEgo

Id

Humanistic TheoryHumanistic personality theories reject

psychoanalytic notionsHumanistic theories view each person as basically

good and that people are striving for self-fulfillmentHumanistic theory argues that people carry a

perception of themselves and of the worldThe goal for a humanist is to develop/promote a

positive self-concept

Carl Rogers•We have needs for:

•Self-consistency (absence of conflict between self-perceptions•Congruence (consistency between self-perceptions and experience)

•People with low self-esteem generally have poor congruence between their self-concepts and life experiences.

Humanistic Perspectives▲Abraham Maslow emphasized the

basic goodness of human nature and a natural tendency toward self-actualization.

Behavior learned throughconditioning & observation

What we think about our situationaffects our behavior

Interaction ofEnvironment & Intellect

Locus of Control Internal locus of controlYou pretty much control your own destiny

External locus of controlLuck, chance, and powerful others control

behavior

10 Good Traits and Characteristics of a Successful Manager

1.SELF MOTIVATION.2. GREAT CUTOMER SERVICES SKILLS.3.INTERGRITY AND TRUTHWORTHINESS.4. BEING A TEAM PLAYER.5.CONFLICT RESOLUTION ABILITIES.6. KNOWLEDGE OF THE INDUSTRY.7.DEPENDABILITY.8. ABILITY TO REMAIN CALM.9. OPTIMISTIC ATTITUDE.10. LEADER-SHIP SKILLS.