Why do people do psychological testing?

• Work

• Relationships

• Personal growth

What is personality type?

• Personality type is what you prefer when you are using your mind or focusing your attention.

C.G.Jung and MBTI

• Carl Gustav Jung created typological theory

• Katharine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myerscreated the questionnaire

• Original idea to help women who were entering the industrial workforce

Attitudes

Attitudes

Functions

Functions

What is personality type?

• Personality type is what you prefer when you are using your mind or focusing your attention.

• But.. Type is more than just the sum of the four preferences.

Type dynamics

• One preference has the most influence on you. This is called the dominant function.

• The next strongest preference is called the auxiliary (helper) function. It is important because it serves to support and balance the dominant.

• The third strongest is the tertiary (helpers helper) function.

• One preference is the least strong. This is the fourth function, often called the inferiorfunction.

Dominant Function

• Captain of the ship

• Extraverts use their dominant function in the outer world

• Introverts use their dominant function in their inner world

Auxiliary function (Helper)

• First mate on the ship

• Extraverts use their auxiliary function in the inner world

• Introverts use their auxiliary function in their outer world

How does the auxiliary balance the dominant function?

Function pair

• ST – objective, analytic, focus on realities practical applications. Business, management, banking, applied sciences, construction, production, police, and the military.

• SF – warm, people-oriented, focus on realities and has sympathetic approach to people. Clergy, teaching, health care, child care, sales and office work, and personal services.

Function pair

• NF – warm and enthusiastic. Focus on the abstract ideas , and an understanding of others. Arts, the clergy, counseling and psychology, writing, education, research, and health care.

• NT - logical and objective, has an impersonal and analytical approach to ideas, information and people. Law, computers, the arts, engineering, management, and technical work.

Judging/Perceiving

• Shows your orientation to the outer world

• Sometimes people feel they have both. That is true. The J or P preference only tells which preference the person extraverts.

• Don't confuse Judging and Perceiving with a person's level of organization. Either preference can be organized.

Tertiary function (helpers helper)

• The opposite function from the auxiliary function

• The question arises in life, is this all there is?

• The tertiary function can guide you toward areas of your life you have avoided, areas that require skills you do not feel comfortable using.

Inferior function

• Emerges without conscious intention

• Manifests under stress, when resources of the dominant and auxiliary are exhausted

• It often feels like being out of control

• Opposite of your dominant function

Extraverted Thinking

• Seeks logic and consistency in the outside world.

• Concern for external laws and rules

• Rely heavily on concrete thoughts

• Mathematicians and engineers make frequent use of extraverted thinking in their work.

• Not all objective thinking, however, is productive. Without at least some individual interpretation, ideas are merely previously known facts with no originality or creativity.

Introverted Thinking

• Seeks internal consistency and logic of ideas. • Trusts his or her internal framework, which may

be difficult to explain to others. • Interprets events by the internal meaning they

bring with them than by the objective facts themselves.

• Inventors and philosophers are often introverted thinkingtypes because they react to the external world in a highly subjective and creative manner, interpreting old data in new ways

Extraverted Feeling

• Seeks harmony with and between people in the outside world. Interpersonal and cultural values are important.

• Use objective data to make evaluations. • They are guided by external values and widely

accepted standards of judgment. • They are likely to be at ease in social situations,

knowing on the spur of the moment what to say and how to say it.

• Business people or politicians

Introverted Feeling

• Seeks harmony of action and thoughts with personal values. May not always articulate those values.

• Base their value judgments primarily on subjective perceptions rather than objective facts.

• Ignore traditional opinions and beliefs.

• Critics of the various art forms make much use of introverted feeling, making value judgments on the basis of subjective individualized data.

Extraverted Sensing

• Acts on concrete data from here and now. Trusts the present, then lets it go.

• Perceive external stimuli objectively, in much the same way that these stimuli exist in reality.

• Occupations as proofreader, house painter, wine taster, or any other job demanding sensory discriminations similar to most people.

Introverted Sensing

• Compares present facts and experiences to past experience. Trusts the past. Stores sensory data for future use.

• Largely influenced by their subjective sensations of sight, sound, taste, touch.

• They are guided by their interpretation of sense stimuli rather than the stimuli themselves

• Artists rely on an introverted-sensing attitude

Extraverted Intuition

• Sees possibilities in the external world. Trusts flashes from the unconscious, which can then be shared with others.

• Intuitive people suppress many of their sensations and are guided by hunches and guesses contrary to sensory data.

• Inventors who must inhibit distracting sensory data and concentrate on unconscious solutions to objective problems. They may create things that fill a need few other people realized existed.

Introverted intuitive

• Looks at consistency of ideas and thoughts with an internal framework. Trusts flashes from the unconscious, which may be hard for others to understand.

• Guided by unconscious perception of facts that are basically subjective and have little or no resemblance to external reality.

• Introverted intuitive people, such as mystics, prophets, surrealistic artists, or religious fanatics, often appear peculiar to people of other types who have little comprehension of their motives.

Functions

Type development

• Dominant generally develops up to age 7

• Auxiliary up to age 20

• Tertiary in the 30s and 40s

• Inferior or fourth function at midlife or later.

ISTJ

• Quiet, serious, earn success by thoroughness and dependability. Practical, matter-of-fact, realistic, and responsible. Decide logically what should be done and work toward it steadily, regardless of distractions. Take pleasure in making everything orderly and organized - their work, their home, their life. Value traditions and loyalty.

ISFJ

• Quiet, friendly, responsible, and conscientious. Committed and steady in meeting their obligations. Thorough and accurate. Loyal, considerate, notice and remember specifics about people who are important to them, concerned with how others feel. Strive to create an orderly and harmonious environment at work and at home.

INFJ

• Seek meaning and connection in ideas, relationships, and material possessions. Want to understand what motivates people and are insightful about others. Conscientious and committed to their firm values. Develop a clear vision about how best to serve the common good. Organized and decisive in implementing their vision.

INTJ

• Have original minds and great drive for implementing their ideas and achieving their goals. Quickly see patterns in external events and develop long-range explanatory perspectives. When committed, organize a job and carry it through. Skeptical and independent, have high standards of competence and performance - for themselves and others.

ISTP

• Tolerant and flexible, quiet observers until a problem appears, then act quickly to find workable solutions. Analyze what makes things work and readily get through large amounts of data to isolate the core of practical problems. Interested in cause and effect, organize facts using logical principles, value efficiency.

ISFP

• Quiet, friendly, sensitive, and kind. Enjoy the present moment, what's going on around them. Like to have their own space and to work within their own time frame. Loyal and committed to their values and to people who are important to them. Dislike disagreements and conflicts, do not force their opinions or values on others.

INFP

• Idealistic, loyal to their values and to people who are important to them. Want an external life that is congruent with their values. Curious, quick to see possibilities, can be catalysts for implementing ideas. Seek to understand people and to help them fulfill their potential. Adaptable, flexible, and accepting unless a value is threatened.

INTP

• Seek to develop logical explanations for everything that interests them. Theoretical and abstract, interested more in ideas than in social interaction. Quiet, contained, flexible, and adaptable. Have unusual ability to focus in depth to solve problems in their area of interest. Skeptical, sometimes critical, always analytical.

ESTP

• Flexible and tolerant, they take a pragmatic approach focused on immediate results. Theories and conceptual explanations bore them - they want to act energetically to solve the problem. Focus on the here-and-now, spontaneous, enjoy each moment that they can be active with others. Enjoy material comforts and style. Learn best through doing.

ESFP

• Outgoing, friendly, and accepting. Exuberant lovers of life, people, and material comforts. Enjoy working with others to make things happen. Bring common sense and a realistic approach to their work, and make work fun. Flexible and spontaneous, adapt readily to new people and environments. Learn best by trying a new skill with other people.

ENFP

• Warmly enthusiastic and imaginative. See life as full of possibilities. Make connections between events and information very quickly, and confidently proceed based on the patterns they see. Want a lot of affirmation from others, and readily give appreciation and support. Spontaneous and flexible, often rely on their ability to improvise and their verbal fluency.

ENTP

• Quick, ingenious, stimulating, alert, and outspoken. Resourceful in solving new and challenging problems. Adept at generating conceptual possibilities and then analyzing them strategically. Good at reading other people. Bored by routine, will seldom do the same thing the same way, apt to turn to one new interest after another.

ESTJ

• Practical, realistic, matter-of-fact. Decisive, quickly move to implement decisions. Organize projects and people to get things done, focus on getting results in the most efficient way possible. Take care of routine details. Have a clear set of logical standards, systematically follow them and want others to also. Forceful in implementing their plans.

ESFJ

• Warmhearted, conscientious, and cooperative. Want harmony in their environment, work with determination to establish it. Like to work with others to complete tasks accurately and on time. Loyal, follow through even in small matters. Notice what others need in their day-by-day lives and try to provide it. Want to be appreciated for who they are and for what they contribute.

ENFJ

• Warm, empathetic, responsive, and responsible. Highly attuned to the emotions, needs, and motivations of others. Find potential in everyone, want to help others fulfill their potential. May act as catalysts for individual and group growth. Loyal, responsive to praise and criticism. Sociable, facilitate others in a group, and provide inspiring leadership.

ENTJ

• Frank, decisive, assume leadership readily. Quickly see illogical and inefficient procedures and policies, develop and implement comprehensive systems to solve organizational problems. Enjoy long-term planning and goal setting. Usually well informed, well read, enjoy expanding their knowledge and passing it on to others. Forceful in presenting their ideas.