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PERSONS AND FAMILY RELATIONS

(OUTLINE)2010 Edition

By: Atty. Lydia P. Galas

Art. 2 EFFECTIVITY OF LAWS(Bar Q1!!0)"#$n a la% do$s not &ro'id$ or its $$ti'ity* it s#all ta+$ $$t at$r t#$$,&iration o t#$ 1-day &$riod ollo%in t#$ o/&l$tion o its &liation in t#$ OiialGa$tt$ or in a n$%s&a&$r o $n$ral irlation (as a/$nd$d y EO No. 2003n$ 14*1!45).

T#$ ras$ 6nl$ss it is ot#$r%is$ &ro'id$d7 sol$ly r$$rs to t#$ 1-day &$riodand not to t#$ r$8ir$/$nt o &liation.

I t#$ la% &ro'id$s or a di$r$nt &$riod* s#ort$r or lon$r t#an t#$ 1-day&$riod* t#$n s# s#ort$r or lon$r &$riod* as t#$ as$ /ay $* s#all &r$'ail.

Taada vs. Tuvera

19 ;st all la%s $ &lis#$d and %#at /st $ &lis#$d?Publ!at"# s #ds$e#sable # ever% !ase* t t#$ l$islatr$ /ay in itsdisr$tion &ro'id$ t#at t#$ sal it$$nday &$riod s#all $ s#ort$n$d or $,t$nd$d.Non&liation /$ans 'iolation o t#$ d$ &ro$ss las$ arant$$d y t#$

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/# l$ss at#ori$ t#$ &arti$s to r$/arry. T#is #olds tr$ all t#$ /or$ %#$n t#$s$&aration is /$r$ly d$ ato* as in t#$ as$ at ar.

N$it#$r an r$s&ond$nt Dd$ ta+$ r$$ on t#$ir Doint aida'it t#at t#$y#ad $$n o#aitin as #sand and %i$ or 5 y$ars. 3st li+$ s$&aration* r$$ and'olntary o#aitation %it# anot#$r &$rson or at l$ast i'$ y$ars do$s not s$'$r

t#$ ti$ o a ssistin &r$'ios /arria$. ;# o#aitation is /$r$ly a rond or$,$/&tion ro/ /arria$ li$ns$ it old not s$r'$ as a Dstiiation orr$s&ond$nt Dd$ to sol$/ni$ a ss$8$nt /arria$ 'itiat$d y t#$ i/&$di/$nto a &rior $,istin /arria$.

=$s&ond$nt 3d$ ;an#$ d$/onstrat$d ross inoran$ o t#$ la%%#$n #$ sol$/ni$d a 'oid and ia/os /arria$. T#$ /a,i/ 6inoran$ o t#$la% $,s$s no on$7 #as s&$ial a&&liation to Dd$s* %#o s#old $ t#$$/odi/$nt o o/&$t$n$* int$rity* and ind$&$nd$n$. And %#$n t#$ la%transr$ss$d is si/&l$ and $l$/$ntary* t#$ ailr$ to +no% it onstitt$s rossinoran$ o t#$ la%.

Art. 1+PROSPECTIVE APPLICATION OF LAWSas a $n$ral rl$.E!e$t"#s: 1. I t#$ la%s ar$ r$/$dial in natr$.Ate#3a vs 4rlla#tes5 6r.

29 ;arria$s do$s not a&&ly toas$s alr$ady o//$n$d $or$ >ar# 1-* 200 alt#o# t#$ /arria$ in'ol'$d is%it#in t#$ o'$ra$ o t#$ Ca/ily

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Ot#$r $,$&tions:2. P$nal la%s a'oral$ to t#$ as$d &ro'id$d #$ is not a #aital d$lin8$nt..Y vs. CA

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la%.7 o%$'$r* it is not a li$ns$ or orts to $na$ in Ddiial l$islation. T#$ dty ot#$ orts is to a&&ly or int$r&r$t t#$ la%* not to /a+$ or a/$nd it.

In or syst$/ o o'$rn/$nt* it is or t#$ l$islatr$* s#old it #oos$ to do so* tod$t$r/in$ %#at id$lin$s s#old o'$rn t#$ r$onition o t#$ $$ts o s$,r$assin/$nt. T#$ n$$d or l$islati'$ id$lin$s $o/$s &artilarly i/&ortant in t#is

as$ %#$r$ t#$ lai/s ass$rt$d ar$ statt$as$d.It /i#t $ t#$or$tially &ossil$ or t#is

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C$ and Artro %$r$ /arri$d in 1!91. At$r t#$ r$lations#i& trn$d sor C$ %$nt tot#$ U; and in 1!-9 otain$d a d$r$$ o asolt$ di'or$. C$ ot /arri$d t#ri$. In 1!52*Artro di$d int$stat$. C$ is no% lai/in #$r ri#t o'$r t#$ $stat$ o t#$ d$$as$d s&os$.

T#$ ;< r$/and$d t#$ as$ to t#$ lo%$r ort to d$t$r/in$ %#$t#$r t#$ s$ond/arria$ o t#$ s&os$ drin t#$ ssist$n$ o t#$ irst /arria$ %as ontrat$d $or$

or at$r #$r #an$d o iti$ns#i&. On$ &ro'$d t#at s#$ %as no lon$r a Cili&ino iti$nat t#$ ti/$ o #$r 1stdi'or$* an @orn %old $o/$ a&&lial$ and C$ old '$ry %$lllos$ #$r ri#t to in#$rit ro/ Artro.ELMAR O. PERE0 vs. CA5 CATINDI,

3anary 25* 200Cili&ino s&os$s Tristan and Lily d$id$d to s$&arat$ ro/ $a# ot#$r and &on

ad'i$ o a ri$nd otain$d a di'or$ ro/ t#$ @o/inian =$&li. On 3ly 19* 1!49*Tristan /arri$d El/ar in t#$ ;tat$ o irinia* U;A. El/ar lat$r on l$arn$d t#at t#$di'or$ d$r$$ iss$d y t#$ ort in t#$ @o/inian =$&li dissol'in t#$ /arria$ oTristan and Lily %as not r$oni$d in t#$ P#ili&&in$s and t#at #$r /arria$ to Tristan%as 'oid nd$r P#ili&&in$ la%. "#$n onront$d* Tristan assr$d #$r t#at #$ %old

otain an annl/$nt o #is /arria$ %it# Lily. In 2001* #$ il$d a &$tition or d$larationo nllity o #is /arria$ to Lily.El/ar t#$n il$d a /otion or l$a'$ to il$ int$r'$ntion lai/in t#at s#$ #as an

int$r$st in t#$ /att$r in litiation t#at %as rant$d y t#$ lo%$r ort.Iss$: @o$s El/ar #a'$ a l$al int$r$st in t#$ annl/$nt as$ $t%$$n Tristan and

Lily?;

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/istr$ss o C$liisi/o sin$ t#$ latt$r* at t#$ ti/$ o #is d$at# %as still l$ally /arri$d to>ary L$$. P$tition$rs (C$liisi/oFs #$irs) it$d Artil$s 1- and 15 () o t#$ N$rry L$$ %#i# asolt$ly allo%$d C$liisi/o to r$/arry*%old #a'$ '$st$d C$liidad %it# t#$ l$al &$rsonality to il$ t#$ &r$s$nt &$tition asC$liisi/oFs sr'i'in s&os$. o%$'$r* t#$ r$ords s#o% t#at t#$r$ is insii$nt$'id$n$ to &ro'$ t#$ 'alidity o t#$ di'or$ otain$d y >$rry L$$ as %$ll as t#$/arria$ o C$liidad and C$liisi/o nd$r t#$ la%s o t#$ U;A. In Garcia vs. Recio* t#$

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Art. 9= +la% o'$rnin r$al and &$rsonal &ro&$rty is t#$ la% o t#$ &la$ %#$r$ t#$&ro&$rty is sitat$d $,$&tion in as$s o s$ssion it is t#$ national la% o t#$ &$rson%#os$ s$ssion is nd$r onsid$ration &ar. (2) (5*55*49*4-*4*4!*!1*!-*!4*01*02*09).Art. 9; $ar. :9/ @otrin$ o L$, Loi or$o'$r* t#$ losr$ $,&os$d #i/to ri/inal &ros$tion or 'iolation o Batas Pa/ansa Bl. 22. T#$ ind$$nt #ast$ t#atatt$nd$d t#$ losr$ o #is aont %as &at$ntly /aliios and int$nd$d to $/arrass#i/. $ all$$d t#at #$ is a &ro/in$nt and r$s&$t$d l$ad$r in t#$ i'i and an+ino//niti$s (as as#i$r o Prd$ntial Ban+). T#$ all$$d /aliios ats o t#$ an+$s/ir#$d #is r$&tation and as$d #i/ 6soial #/iliation* %ond$d $$lins*insr/ontal$ %orri$s and sl$$&l$ss ni#ts.7

$ld: T#$ $l$/$nts o as$ o ri#ts ar$ t#$ ollo%in: (a) t#$ $,ist$n$ o al$al ri#t or dtyH () %#i# is $,$ris$d in ad ait#H and () or t#$ sol$ int$nt o&r$Ddiin or inDrin anot#$r. >ali$ or ad ait# is at t#$ or$ o t#$ said &ro'ision.T#$ la% al%ays &r$s/$s ood ait# and any &$rson %#o s$$+s to $ a%ard$d da/a$sd$ to ats o anot#$r #as t#$ rd$n o &ro'in t#at t#$ latt$r at$d in ad ait# or %it#ill /oti'$.

Bad ait# do$s not si/&ly onnot$ ad Dd/$nt or si/&l$ n$li$n$*dis#on$st &r&os$ or so/$ /oral oli8ity and onsios doin o a %ron* ar$a# o +no%n dty d$ to so/$ /oti'$s or int$r$st or ill %ill t#at &arta+$s t#$natr$ o rad. >ali$ onnot$s ill %ill or s&it$ and s&$a+s not in r$s&ons$ to

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dty. It i/&li$s an int$ntion to do lt$rior and nDstiial$ #ar/. >ali$ is adait# or ad /oti'$. In t#$ as$ at $n#* t#$ ats as ond y t#$ ort a +uo and t#$ a&&$llat$

ort* do not $stalis# t#at* in t#$ $,$ris$ o t#is ri#t* CEBT< o//itt$d anas$ t#$r$o. ;&$iially* t#$ 2ndand rd$l$/$nts or as$ o ri#ts ar$ not

att$ndant in t#$ &r$s$nt as$. T#$ $'id$n$ &r$s$nt$d y t#$ an+ n$at$s t#$$,ist$n$ o ad ait# or /ali$ on its &art in losin PailanFs aont onA&ril 9* 1!44 $as$ on said dat$ t#$ sa/$ %as alr$ady o'$rdra%n. Crt#$r*it %as s#o%n t#at in 1!4* t#$ rr$nt aont o Pailan %as o'$rdra%n 1-ti/$s d$ to #is issan$ o #$+s aainst insii$nt nds. In 1!45* t#$ saidaont %as o'$rdra%n 115 ti/$s or t#$ sa/$ r$ason. Aain* in 1!44* 2ti/$s. T#$r$ %$r$ also s$'$ral instan$s %#$n Pailan iss$d #$+sd$li$rat$ly sin a sinatr$ di$r$nt ro/ #is s&$i/$n sinatr$ on il$%it# an+. All t#$s$ ir/stan$s ta+$n to$t#$r Dstii$d t#$ an+Fs losr$o PailanFs aont on A&ril 9* 1!44 or 6i/&ro&$r #andlin.7

>YPITC-IN, et al vs. B>IAMCO(@$$/$r * 200)

@a'alan* Gat$ro and G$n$roso* t#$ latt$r srr$nd$r$d Qia/o a r$d ondaL 100 /otoryl$ and a otoo&y o its $rtiiat$ o r$istration. Qia/o as+$d ort#$ oriinal $rtiiat$ o r$istration t t#$ n$'$r a/$ a+ to s$$ #i/ aain. $&ar+$d t#$ /otoryl$ in an o&$n s&a$ #is sin$ss $stalis#/$nt 'isil$ anda$ssil$ to t#$ &li. It trn$d ot #o%$'$r t#at Gat$ro o#t t#$ /otoryl$ oninstall/$nts s$r$d y a #att$l /orta$ ro/ =a/as Uy&it#in ;ons* In. t#at %as/ana$d y Atty. Ern$sto =a/as Uy&it#in. T#$ /orta$ ind$t$dn$ss %as ass/$dy @a'alan t sto&&$d t#$ &ay/$nts in 1!42 and told t#$ or&orationFs oll$tor t#at t#$/otoryl$ #ad $$n 6ta+$n y Qia/oFs /$n7. Nin$ y$ars lat$r* Uy&it#inao/&ani$d y &oli$/$n %$nt to A'$so (t#$ sin$ss $stalis#/$nt o Qia/o) tor$o'$r t#$ /otoryl$. "#il$ t#$ l$ad$r o t#$ &oli$ t$a/ PLt. $ndiola as+$d orQia/o* Uy&it#in &a$d a+ and ort# tt$rin 6Qia/o is a t#i$ o a /otoryl$.7Unal$ to ind Qia/o* and &on Uy&it#inFs instrtions and o'$r t#$ oD$tion oQia/oFs l$r+* t#$y too+ t#$ /otoryl$. Uy&it#in t#$n il$d a ri/inal or 8alii$dt#$t andor 'iolation o t#$ AntiC$nin La% t %as dis/iss$d y t#$ Oi$ o t#$

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t#$ /orta$d '$#il$ %as tt$rly &r$Ddiial and inDrios to Qia/o. T#$ &r$i&itat$at o ilin an nond$d o/&laint old not in any %ay $ onsid$r$d to $ inaordan$ %it# t#$ &r&os$ or %#i# t#$ ri#t to &ros$t$ a ri/$ %as $stalis#$d.T#s* t#$ totality o &$tition$rsF ations s#o%$d a allat$d d$sin to $/arrass*#/iliat$ and &lily ridil$ Qia/o. Tri&l$ osts aainst &$tition$rs* onsid$rin t#at

=a/as Uy&it#in is a la%y$r and an oi$r o t#$ ort* or #is i/&ro&$r $#a'ior.CE4> CO>NTRY CL>45 INC. :CCCI/5 DAPAT5 et. al. vs. ELI0A,AB>E3anary 14* 2004

Eliaa8$ %as d$sinat$d as a s&$ial non&ro&ri$tary /$/$r o

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r$strtr$d. @BP t#$ initiat$d $,traDdiial or$losr$ &ro$$dins t %as or$stall$d%#$n t#$ s&os$s il$d a i'il ation or its nlliiation lai/in &ay/$nt. T#r$$ y$arslat$r* @BP %it#dr$% t#$ a&&liation or or$losr$ %#il$ @oyon %it#dr$% t#$ i'il as$."$$+s lat$r* @BP d$/and$d t#$ &ay/$nt o t#$ loan t#at #as no% alloon$d to 20/illion. @oyon still inor$d t#$ d$/and so @BP a&&li$d or $,traDdiial or$losr$ o

@oyonFs r$al and #att$l /orta$s and too+ onstrti'$ &oss$ssion o t#$ &ro&$rti$s*t#$n its s#$ri iss$d noti$s o sal$ at &li ation.>$an%#il$* @oyon il$d a o/&laint or da/a$s aainst @BP lai/in t#at y

%it#dra%in t#$ $arli$r a&&liation or $,traDdiial or$losr$ and t#$ dis/issal o t#$$arli$r i'il as$ @BP l$d t#$/ to $li$'$ t#at it %old no lon$r s$$+ satisation o itslai/s and t#at t#$ir loans #ad $$n $,tinis#$d. @BP t#$r$or$* at$d ontrary toArtil$ 1! o t#$

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r$o'$r /on$y or &ro&$rty ad'an$d y t#$ &lainti &on t#$ ait# o s#&ro/is$. Und$r t#$ ir/stan$s otainin in t#$ as$ at ar* t#$ ats o&$tition$r in orily adtin &ri'at$ r$s&ond$nt and #a'in arnal +no%l$d$%it# #$r aainst #$r %ill* and t#$r$at$r &ro/isin to /arry #$r in ord$r to $sa&$ri/inal liaility* only to t#$r$at$r r$n$$ on s# &ro/is$ at$r o#aitin %it#

#$r or 21 days* irr$/issily onstitt$ ats ontrary to /orals and ood sto/s.T#$s$ ar$ rossly ins$nsat$ and r$&r$#$nsil$ transr$ssions t#at indis&taly%arrant and andantly Dstiy t#$ a%ard o /oral and $,$/&lary da/a$s*&rsant to Artil$ 21.2/ Wasser vs. Vele3

12 ;$r$ r$a# o &ro/is$ to /arry is not an ational$ %ron. Bt to or/ally s$ta %$ddin and o t#ro# all t#$ &r$&aration and &liity* only to %al+ ot o it%#$n t#$ /atri/ony is aot to $ sol$/ni$d is 8it$ di$r$nt. T#is is &al&alyand nDstiialy ontrary to ood sto/s or %#i# d$$ndant /st $ #$ldans%$ral$ in da/a$s in aordan$ %it# Artil$ 21.

*/ Ta#@a#!" vs. CA a#d Sa#t"s14 ;

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A$&tan$. "#$n Laa& so#t to oll$t &ay/$nt* t#$ @P" %it##$ld t#$ &ay/$nt$as$

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Arts. 285 *

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$in d$&ri'$d o ind$/nity $'$n at$r t#$ r$ndition o a inal Dd/$nt on'itin t#$$/&loy$$.

FRIAS vs. SAN DIE,O+SISON

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in'o+in t#is &rini&l$ is t#at t#$ ari$'$d &arty #as no ot#$r r$ors$ as$d on ontrat*8asiontrat* ri/$* 8as$d$lit or any ot#$r &ro'ision o la%.

Art. *2 V"lat"# "& R('ts :GG/

M-P ,are#ts5 I#!. vs. CA2 ;

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as$d t also in t#$ r$soltion o t#$ iss$ or iss$s rais$d in t#$ i'il as$* t#$ ilt orinno$n$ o t#$ as$d %old n$$ssarily $ d$t$r/in$d.

2 $l$/$nts:

1. t#$ $rev"usl% #sttuted !vl a!t"#in'ol'$s an iss$ si/ilar or inti/at$lyr$lat$d %it# to t#$ iss$ rais$d in t#$ subseHue#tri/inal ationH and2. t#$ r$soltion o s# iss$ d$t$r/in$s %#$t#$r or not t#$ ri/inal ation /ay

&ro$$d (as a/$nd$d y t#$ 2000 =l$s on

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All t#$ $l$/$nts o a &r$Ddiial 8$stion ar$ l$arly and n/ista+aly &r$s$nt int#is as$. T#$r$ is no dot t#at t#$ ats and iss$s in'ol'$d in t#$ i'il ationand t#$ ri/inal as$ ar$ l$arly r$lat$d. T#$ ilin o t#$ ri/inal as$ %as&r$/is$d on &$tition$rsF all$$d &artiality and $'id$nt ad ait# in not &ayin&ri'at$ r$s&ond$ntsF salari$s and &$r di$/s as s$toral r$&r$s$ntati'$s* %#il$ t#$

i'il ation %as institt$d &r$is$ly to r$sol'$ %#$t#$r or not t#$ d$sination o&ri'at$ r$s&ond$nts as s$toral r$&r$s$ntati'$s %$r$ /ad$ in aordan$ %it# la%.1/ 4"bs vs. 4"bs

3ly 1* 2000Not $'$ry d$$ns$ rais$d in t#$ i'il ation /ay $ s$d as a &r$Ddiial 8$stionto otain t#$ ss&$nsion o t#$ ri/inal ation.=$s&ond$nt t#o#t o s$$+in a Ddiial d$laration o nllity o #is irst/arria$ only at$r &$tition$r s$d #i/ or ia/y. T#$ o'ios int$nt t#$r$or$*is t#at r$s&ond$nt /$r$ly r$sort$d to t#$ i'il ation as a &ot$ntial &r$Ddiial8$stion or t#$ &r&os$ o rstratin or d$layin #is ri/inal &ros$tion.4eltra# vs. Pe"$le

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liaility or da/a$s* t#$r$ %old $ no prohibitedat to s&$a+ o nor %old t#$r$ $asis or undue injury claimed to #a'$ $$n s$r$d y PA;I. T#$ indin y t#$O/ds/an o t#$ $,ist$n$ o a &r$Ddiial 8$stion is t#s %$ll ta+$n.

As laid do%n in 2ap vs. /aras* said rl$ dir$ts t#at t#$ &ro$$dins /ay only $suspended* not dismissed* and t#at it /ay $ /ad$ only uponpetition* and not at t#$

instan$ o t#$ Dd$ alon$ or as in t#is as$* t#$ in'$stiatin oi$r.To i'$ i/&ri/atr to t#$ O/ds/anFs dis/issal o &$tition$rFs o/&laint d$to a &r$Ddiial 8$stion %old only not rn ont$r to t#$ &ro'ision o ;$tion o =l$111 o t#$ =l$s o a$strado $,$t$d an aida'it o loss $or$ a notary &li statin t#$r$in t#at #$lost O%n$rFs @&liat$ a$stradoil$d a /otion or ss&$nsion o &ro$$dins as$d on a &r$Ddiial 8$stion $as$ #$all$$d t#at a$strado $,$t$d a r$al $stat$ /orta$ in'ol'in t#$ &ro&$rty o'$r$d y T

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&$tition$r o//itt$d &$rDry in $,$tin an aida'it o loss to s&&ort #is r$8$st orissan$ o a n$% o%n$rFs d&liat$ o&y o TRITY

COMMISSION :SSC/

-0 ;ira$no and @i/alanta* t#$ &$rsons %#o r$disont$d t#$#$+s* il$d s$&arat$ as$s or oll$tion o s/ o /on$y. ;s$8$ntly* on 'ariosdat$s* s$'$ral inor/ations or 'iolation o BP 22 %$r$ il$d aainst a&. a&ss$8$ntly il$d an ation or t#$ r$sission o t#$ sal$ and /o'$d or t#$ ss&$nsion ot#$ ri/inal &ro$$dins on aont o $,ist$n$ o a &r$Ddiial 8$stion.

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Art. *;(!) d$inition o t$r/s r$: 3ridial arria$ (!)1. At#ority o t#$ sol$/niin oi$rH2. A 'alid /arria$ li$ns$ $,$&t a. /arria$s in artilo /ortisH

21

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. &arti$s r$sidin in r$/ot$ &la$sH. >sli/ /arria$s and /arria$s o/$/$rs o ot#$r $t#ni ltralo//niti$sHd. ratiiation o /arital o#aitation.

. A /arria$ $r$/ony %#i# ta+$s &la$ %it# t#$ a&&$aran$ o t#$ ontratin&arti$s $or$ t#$ sol$/niin oi$r and t#$ir &$rsonal d$laration t#at t#$y ta+$ $a#ot#$r as #sand and %i$ in t#$ &r$s$n$ o at l$ast 2 %itn$ss$s o l$al a$.

$n$* no /arria$s y &ro,y nd$r or Drisdition.arria$ Li$ns$ N/$r 2!!05!2* %$ $,$rt all$ort t %$ annot ind t#$ said n/$r.

o&$ and nd$rstand or load$d %or+ annot i'$ yo or or$ loatint#$ ao'$ &rol$/.

;an 3an* >$tro>anila>ar# 11* 1!!9

(;G@) =ACAEL ALI;

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Not$ t#at t#$ irst 2 $rtiiations $ar t#$ stat$/$nt t#at 6#o&$ and nd$rstandor load$d %or+ annot i'$ yo or ll or$ loatin t#$ ao'$ &rol$/.7 It old$asily $ i/&li$d ro/ t#$ said stat$/$nt t#at t#$ Oi$ o t#$ or$o'$r* t#$ as$n$ o t#$ looo+ is not onlsi'$ &roo o nonissan$ o

>arria$ Li$ns$ No. 25505!2. It an also /$an* as %$ $li$'$d tr$ in t#$ as$ at ar*t#at t#$ looo+ Dst annot $ ond. In t#$ as$n$ o s#o%in o dili$nt $orts tos$ar# or t#$ said looo+* %$ annot $asily a$&t t#at t#$ as$n$ o t#$ sa/$ also/$ans non$,ist$n$ or alsity o $ntri$s t#$r$in.

Cinally* t#$ rl$ is s$ttl$d t#at $'$ry int$nd/$nt o t#$ la% or at l$ans to%ard t#$'alidity o t#$ /arria$* t#$ indissolility o t#$ /arria$ onds. &emper praesumitorpro matrimonio Al%ays &r$s/$ /arria$.

Art. 1 E$t o As$n$* @$$t* or Irr$larity (!*!!)As$n$ r$nd$rs t#$ /arria$ 'oid.@$$t annllal$.Irr$larity 'alid t /ay sD$t &$rson r$s&onsil$ or irr$larity to ri/inal*

i'il andor ad/inistrati'$ santion.In M"r(" vs. Pe"$le (922 ;orio /i#t $ #$ld lial$ or ia/y nl$ss #$ irst s$r$s a Ddiiald$laration o nllity $or$ #$ ontrats a ss$8$nt /arria$.

Lablt% "& Publ! O&&!ers

C"s!a vs. Pala%$a%"#5 6r.25 ;

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administrative liability. In t#$ as$ at ar* t#$ t$rritorial Drisdition o r$s&ond$nt Dd$ isli/it$d to t#$ /nii&ality o Balatan*

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a&aity to ontrat /arria$ is d$t$r/in$d y t#$ national la% o t#$ &artyon$rn$d. T#$ $rtiiat$ /$ntion$d in Artil$ 21 o t#$ Ca/ily S IYOY

950 ;

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asrdity and inDsti$. "#$r$ t#$ int$r&r$tation o a statt$ aordin to its $,at andlit$ral i/&ort %old l$ad to /is#i$'os r$slts or ontra'$n$ t#$ lit$ral &r&os$ o t#$l$islatr$* it s#old $ onstr$d aordin to its s&irit and r$ason* disr$ardin as ar asn$$ssary t#$ s&irit o t#$ la%.

In 'i$% o t#$ or$oin* %$ stat$ t#$ t%in $l$/$nts or t#$ a&&liation o &ar. 2 o

Artil$ 2 as ollo%s:1. T#$r$ is a 'alid /arria$ $t%$$n a Cili&ino iti$n and a or$in$rH and2. A 'alid di'or$ is otain$d aroad y t#$ ali$n s&os$ a&aitatin #i/ or #$r

to r$/arry.T#$ r$+onin &oint is not t#$ iti$ns#i& o t#$ &arti$s at t#$ ti/$ o t#$/arria$* t t#$ir iti$ns#i& at the time a valid divorceis otain$d aroad y t#$ali$n s&os$ a&aitatin t#$ latt$r to r$/arry.

Art. *9>arria$ in Artilo /ortis (!-)

Art. *1 L$al =atiiation o /arital o#aitation (02)

Nal vs. 4ada%"(24 ;ar# 19* 2000)T#$ -y$ar o//on la% o#aitation &$riod* %#i# is ont$d a+ ro/ t#$dat$ o t#$ $l$ration o /arria$* s#old $ a &$riod o l$al nion #ad it not$$n or t#$ as$n$ o t#$ /arria$. T#is -y$ar &$riod s#old $ t#$ y$arsi//$diat$ly $or$ t#$ day o t#$ /arria$ and it s#old $ a &$riod oo#aitation #arat$ri$d y $,lsi'ity/$anin no rd&arty %as in'ol'$d atany ti/$ %it#in t#$ - y$ars o ontinityt#at is nro+$n. Ot#$r%is$* i t#atontinos -y$ar o#aitation is o/&t$d %it#ot any distintion as to %#$t#$rt#$ &arti$s %$r$ a&aitat$d to /arry $a# ot#$r drin t#$ $ntir$ - y$ars* t#$n t#$la% %old $ santionin i//orality and $norain &arti$s to #a'$ o//onla% r$lations#i&s and &lain t#$/ on t#$ sa/$ ootin %it# t#os$ %#o li'$dait#lly %it# t#$ir s&os$.T#$ -y$ar o#aitation s#old $ in t#$ natr$ o a &$r$t nion t#at is 'alidnd$r t#$ la% t r$nd$r$d i/&$r$t only y t#$ as$n$ o t#$ /arria$ontrat.oid /arria$s an $ 8$stion$d $'$n at$r t#$ d$at# o $it#$r &arty* t#at is %#yt#$ ation or d$$ns$ or nllity is i/&r$sri&til$ and any &ro&$r int$r$st$d &arty/ay atta+ a 'oid /arria$. In t#$ as$ at ar* t#$ ;< a&&li$d Artil$ 5 o t#$

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3os$ and C$lisa %$r$ /arri$d in No'$/$r 1!4 and in li$ o a /arria$ li$ns$*t#$ &arti$s $,$t$d a s%orn aida'it att$stin* a/on ot#$rs* t#at ot# o t#$/ $inn/arri$d li'$d to$t#$r as #sand and %i$ or at l$ast - y$ars. It trn$d ot t#at t#$stat$/$nt is a o/&l$t$ alsity or t#$y start$d li'in to$t#$r ar$ly - /ont#s $or$ t#$$l$ration o t#$ir /arria$.

Iss$: "#$t#$r t#$ alsity o an aida'it o /arital o#aitation* %#$r$ t#$ &arti$s#a'$ in trt# all$n s#ort o t#$ /ini// -y$ar r$8ir$/$nt* $$ti'$ly r$nd$rs t#$/arria$ 'oid ab initioor la+ o /arria$ li$ns$.

;

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/arria$* ) Dridial ant$$d$n$ it /st $ root$d in t#$ #istory o t#$ &artyant$datin t#$ /arria$* alt#o# o'$rt /ani$stations /ay $/$r$ only at$r t#$/arria$* and ) inraility or i ot#$r%is$* t#$ r$ %old $ $yond t#$ /$anso t#$ &arty in'ol'$d.2/ C'#( M#( Ts" vs. CA

3anary 1* 1!!5On$ o t#$ $ss$ntial /arital oliations nd$r t#$ Ca/ily

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&sy#oloial ina&aity %it#in t#$ ont$/&lation o t#$ Ca/ily

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$#a'ioral si$n$s ar$ o/&$t$nt to d$t$r/in$ t#$ root as$ o &sy#oloialina&aity. ;in$ t#$ n$% =l$s do not r$8ir$ t#$ &$tition to all$$ $,&$rt o&inion on t#$&sy#oloial ina&aity* it ollo%s t#at t#$r$ is no n$$d to all$$ in t#$ &$tition t#$ rootas$ o t#$ &sy#oloial ina&aity. "#at t#$ n$% =l$s r$8ir$ t#$ &$tition to all$$ar$ ysial /ani$stations indiati'$ o &sy#oloial ina&aity.

(Cats: P$tition$r /$r$ly all$$d t#at #is %i$ %as &sy#oloially ina&aitat$dto o/&ly %it# t#$ $ss$ntial oliations o /arria$ %#i# $,ist at t#$ ti/$ o t#$$l$ration o t#$ /arria$ and %#i# ina&aity ssist$d & to and ntil t#$ &r$s$ntti/$. ;# ina&aity %as onlsi'$ly ond in t#$ &sy#oloial $,a/inationondt$d on t#$ r$lations#i& $t%$$n t#$ &$tition$r and t#$ r$s&ond$nt. In #$r /otion todis/iss* t#$ %i$ ar$d t#at t#$ &$tition alls s#ort o t#$ id$lin$s s$t ort# in &antosand8olina.;&$iially t#$ &$tition is d$$ti'$ $as$ it ail$d to all$$ t#$ root as$o #$r all$$d &sy#oloial ina&aity. It is also d$'oid o any r$$r$n$ o t#$ ra'$natr$ o #$r illn$ss to rin aot #$r disaility to ass/$ t#$ $ss$ntial oliations o/arria$ %#i# %$r$ not $'$n stat$d %#at t#os$ /arital oliations t#at s#$ ail$d too/&ly d$ to &sy#oloial ina&aity.)

DEDEL vs. CA921 ;

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ina&aity r$troats to t#$ dat$ o t#$ $l$ration o t#$ /arria$ insoar as t#$ vinculum$t%$$n t#$ s&os$s is on$rn$d* it is siniiant to not$ t#at said /arria$ is not%it#ot l$al $$ts* Artil$ -9 stat$s t#at #ildr$n on$i'$d or orn $or$ t#$Dd/$nt o asolt$ nllity o t#$ /arria$ s#all $ onsid$r$d l$iti/at$. T#$r$ ist#$r$or$ a r$onition written into the law itselft#at s# a /arria$* alt#o# 'oid ab

initio* /ay still &rod$ l$al ons$8$n$s. A/on t#$s$ l$al ons$8$n$s isinrrin ri/inal liaility or ia/y. To #old ot#$r%is$ %old r$nd$r t#$ ;tat$Fs &$nalla%s on ia/y o/&l$t$ly natory* and allo% indi'idals to d$li$rat$ly $nsr$ t#at$a# /arital ontrat $ la%$d in so/$ /ann$r* and t#s $sa&$ t#$ ons$8$n$s oontratin /lti&l$ /arria$s* %#il$ $ilin t#rons o #a&l$ss %o/$n %it# t#$&ro/is$ o trity and o//it/$nt.REP>4LIC vs. -AMANO

>ay 20* 2009Ar$ t#$ nor/s laid do%n y t#$ ;< in &antos and 8olinaas$s a&&lial$ to

/arria$s %#$r$ on$ o t#$ &arti$s to t#$ /arria$ and all$$d to $ &sy#oloiallyina&aitat$d is a or$in$r?

SC"$ ind no distintion $t%$$n an ali$n s&os$ and a Cili&ino s&os$. "$annot $ l$ni$nt in t#$ a&&liation o t#$ rl$s /$r$ly $as$ t#$ s&os$ all$$d to $&sy#oloially ina&aitat$d #a&&$ns to $ a or$in national. T#$ nor/s s$d ord$t$r/inin &sy#oloial ina&aity s#old a&&ly to any &$rson r$ardl$ss onationality.

T#$ ;< in t#is as$ r$it$rat$d t#$ o/&l$t$ id$lin$s* as stat$d in t#$ >olinaas$* in t#$ int$r&r$tation and a&&liation o Artil$ or t#$ idan$ o t#$ $n# andar %it# $/asis on (2) t#$r$o i.$. T'e r""t !ause "& t'e $s%!'"l"(!al #!a$a!t%ust be :a/ ed!all% "r !l#!all% de#t&ed5 :b/ alle(ed # t'e !"$la#t5 :!/

su&&!e#tl% $r"ve# b% e$erts a#d :d/ !learl% e$la#ed # t'e de!s"#.

In t#$ as$ at ar* t#$ totality o $'id$n$ &r$s$nt$d $ll s#ort o &ro'in t#atTos#io %as &sy#oloially ina&aitat$d to ass/$ #is /arital r$s&onsiiliti$s.Alt#o#* as a rl$* t#$r$ %as no n$$d or an atal /$dial $,a/ination* it %old r$atly#$l&$d r$s&ond$ntFs as$ #ad s#$ &r$s$nt$d $'id$n$ t#at /$dially or liniallyid$ntii$d #is illn$ss. T#is old #a'$ $$n don$ t#ro# $,&$rt %itn$ss. T#is Lolita didnot do.

As %$ #$ld in8olina* it is not $no# to &ro'$ t#at a s&os$ ail$d to /$$t #isr$s&onsiility and dty as a /arri$d &$rsonH it is $ss$ntial t#at #$ /st $ s#o%n to $ina&al$ o doin so d$ to so/$ &sy#oloial* not ysial illn$ss.LEONILO ANTONIO vs. MARIE IVONNE F. REYES

G. =. No. 1--400 >ar# 10* 200Bar$ly 9 y$ars at$r t#$ /arria$* Antonio il$d a &$tition to #a'$ #is /arria$ to

>ari$ I'onn$ d$lar$d nll and 'oid nd$r Artil$ . As /ani$stations o t#$ %i$Fsall$$d &sy#oloial ina&aity* Antonio lai/$d t#at r$s&ond$nt &$rsist$ntly li$d aot#$rs$l* t#$ &$o&l$ arond #$r* #$r o&ation* ino/$* $dational attain/$nt and ot#$r$'$nts or t#ins. In s&&ort o #is &$tition* #$ &r$s$nt$d @rs. A$d$* a &sy#iatrist* andLo&$* a linial &sy#oloist* %#o stat$d* as$d on t#$ t$sts t#$y ondt$d* t#at t#$yos$r'$d t#at r$s&ond$ntFs &$rsist$nt and onstant lyin to &$tition$r %as anor/al or&at#oloial. T#$y onld$d t#at r$s&ond$nt %as &sy#oloially ina&aitat$d to&$ror/ #$r $ss$ntial /arital oliations. @rin t#$ &$nd$ny o t#$ as$* t#$>$tro&olitan Trinal o t#$ Ar#dio$s$ o >anila annll$d t#$ at#oli /arria$ o t#$&arti$s t#at %as air/$d y t#$ National A&&$llat$ >atri/onial Trinal %it#/odiiation statin t#at only r$s&ond$nt %as i/&air$d y a la+ o d$ disr$tion. T#atr$s&ond$nt %as i/&air$d ro/ $liitin a Ddiially indin /atri/onial ons$nt. T#$=o/an =ota o t#$ atian $ld t#$ indins o t#$ National A&&$llat$ >atri/onialTrinal.

SC3ris&rd$n$ sin$ t#$n #as r$oni$d t#at &sy#oloial ina&aity 6is a/alady so ra'$ and &$r/an$nt as to d$&ri'$ on$ o a%ar$n$ss o t#$ dti$s andr$s&onsiiliti$s o t#$ /atri/onial ond on$ is aot to ass/$.7 Gi'$n t#$ a'o%$d ;tat$int$r$st in &ro/otin /arria$ as t#$ ondation o t#$ a/ily* %#i# in trn s$r'$s as t#$ondation o t#$ nation* t#$r$ is a orr$s&ondin int$r$st or t#$ ;tat$ to d$$nd aainst

1

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/arria$s ill$8i&&$d to &ro/ot$ a/ily li$. oid ab initio/arria$s nd$r Artil$ do not rt#$r t#$ initiati'$s o t#$ ;tat$ on$rnin /arria$ and a/ily* as t#$y &ro/ot$%$dlo+ a/on &$rsons %#o* or r$asons ind$&$nd$nt o t#$ir %ill* ar$ not a&aitat$d tond$rstand or o/&ly %it# t#$ $ss$ntial oliations o /arria$. 8olina$stalis#$d t#$id$lin$s &r$s$ntly r$oni$d in t#$ Ddiial dis&osition o &$titions or nllity nd$r

Artil$ . T#$

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NOTE atri/onial Trinal o t#$atri/onialTrinal is si/ilar to t#$ ats $stalis#$d y @ina $or$ t#$ trial ort* t#$ d$ision ot#$ or/$r ort is not as$d on t#$ &sy#oloial ina&aity o r$s&ond$nt.REP>4LIC vs. C>ISON+MEL,AR

94 ;

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;# &sy#oloial ina&aity* #o%$'$r* /st $ $stalis#$d y t#$totality o t#$ $'id$n$ &r$s$nt$d drin t#$ trial.

- In t#is as$* Nor/a ail$d to $stalis# t#$ at t#at at t#$ ti/$ t#$y %$r$/arri$d* Eloio %as s$rin ro/ a &sy#oloial d$$t t#at in atd$&ri'$d #i/ o t#$ aility to ass/$ t#$ $ss$ntial dti$s o /arria$ and

its ono/itant r$s&onsiiliti$s. In at* Nor/a ad/itt$d t#at #$r /arital%o$s start$d only at$r t#$ irt# o t#$ir 1 storn and %#$n Eloio lost#is Do. It %as all$$d t#at Eloio is a #aital alo#oli* r$s$s to loo+or a Do at$r #$ %as dis/iss$d ro/ %or+* $'$ry so ot$n o$s to #$roi$* tt$rs n%#ol$so/$ r$/ar+s aainst #$r and t#$n dras #$r #o/$$as$ o #is n$aral$ D$alosy and #ad aandon$d t#$ a/ily.

- Crt#$r* no ot#$r $'id$n$ %as &r$s$nt$d to s#o% t#at Eloio %as notoniant o t#$ asi /arital oliations as otlin$d in Artil$s 4 to 52*220* 221 and 22-.

- "#il$ an atal /$dial* &sy#iatri* or &sy#oloial $,a/ination isnot a onditionsine +ua nonto a indin o &sy#oloial ina&aity* an

$,&$rt %itn$ss %old #a'$ str$nt#$n$d Nor/aFs lai/ o EloioFsall$$d &sy#oloial ina&aity. Nor/aFs o/ission to &r$s$nt on$ isatal to #$r &osition* t#$r$ an $ no &sy#oloial ina&aity %#$r$t#$r$ is asolt$ly no s#o%in t#at t#$ 6d$$ts7 %$r$ alr$ady &r$s$nt att#$ in$&tion o t#$ /arria$ or t#at t#$y ar$ inral$.

PERE0+FERRARIS vs. FERRARIS

9!- ;

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t a /$r$ r$sal or n%illinn$ss to ass/$ t#$ $ss$ntial oliations o/arria$.

0AMORA vs. CA-1- ;

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Aordinly* on$Fs nitn$ss as a lawyer do$s not automatically /$an on$Fsnitn$ss as a 'usba#d or vice versa. T#$ dis&osition in a disar/$nt as$ annot $onlsi'$ on an ation or d$laration o nllity o /arria$. In t#$ disar/$nt as$* 6t#$r$al 8$stion or d$t$r/ination is %#$t#$r or not t#$ attorn$y is still a it &$rson to $allo%$d t#$ &ri'il$$s as s#.7 On t#$ ot#$r #and* in an ation or d$laration o nllity

o /arria$ as$d on &sy#oloial ina&aity* t#$ 8$stion or d$t$r/ination is %#$t#$rt#$ ilty &arty s$rs a ra'$* inral$* and &r$$,istin /$ntal ina&aity t#at r$nd$rs#i/ trly inoniti'$ o t#$ asi /arital o'$nants.

T#$ &r$s$ntation o an $,&$rt %itn$ss to &ro'$ &sy#oloial ina&aity #as itsoriin in8olina. In t#$ 2000 as$ o8arcos v. 8arcos* t#$

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t#$y ontin$d to li'$ %it# t#$ir r$s&$ti'$ &ar$nts alt#o# t#$y /aintain$d t#$irr$lations#i&. T#$ /arria$ %as n$'$r ons//at$d and t#at t#$y ar$ onstantly i#tin.

SCAlt#o# &$tition$r %as al$ to $stalis# #is i//atrity t#$ sa/$ #ardlyonstitt$s sii$nt as$ or d$larin t#$ /arria$ 'oid on t#$ rond o&sy#oloial ina&aity. It /st $ #arat$ri$d y ra'ity* Dridial ant$$d$n$ and

inraility.T#$ir not #a'in li'$d to$t#$r in on$ roo do$s not n$$ssarily i'$ ris$ to t#$onlsion t#at on$ o t#$/ %as &sy#oloially ina&aitat$d to o/&ly %it# t#$$ss$ntial /arital oliations.

T#$ $'id$n$ add$d y &$tition$r /$r$ly s#o%$d t#at #$ and r$s&ond$nt #addiilty $ttin alon %it# $a# ot#$r as t#$y onstantly o#t o'$r &$tty t#ins.o%$'$r* t#$r$ %as no s#o%in o t#$ ra'ity and inraility o t#$ &sy#oloialdisord$r s&&os$dly in#$r$nt in &$tition$r* $,$&t or t#$ /$r$ stat$/$nt or onlsion tot#at $$t in t#$ &sy#oloial r$&ort %#i# r$&ort dis/ally ail$d to &ro'$ &$tition$rFsall$$d %as ra'$ $no# and inral$ to rin aot #is disaility to ass/$ t#$$ss$ntial oliations o /arria$.

;< r$it$rat$d its rlin in t#$ &antosand8olinaas$s.-ALILI vs. SANTOS+-ALILI-4! ;

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It is $ss$ntial t#at t#$ &arti$s to a /arria$ /st $ s#o%n to $ insensitive toorincapableo /$$tin t#$ir dti$s and r$s&onsiiliti$s d$ to so/$ &sy#oloial (notysial) illn$ss* %#i# ins$nsiti'ity or ina&aity s#old #a'$ $$n e0isting at the timeof the celebration of the marriage $'$n i it $o/$s /ani$st only at$r itssol$/niation.

o% t#$ dotor arri'$d at t#$ onlsion* at$r int$r'i$%in Lynn$tt$ andonsid$rin #$r d$&osition* t#at s# &$rsonality disord$rs o >artini #ad $$n $,istinsin$ >artiniFs adol$s$nt y$ars #as not $$n $,&lain$d.

"#il$ t#$ $,a/ination y a ysiian o a &$rson in ord$r to d$lar$ #i/#$r&sy#oloially ina&aitat$d is not r$8ir$d* t#$ root as$ t#$r$o /st $ 6/$diallyor linially id$ntii$d.7 T#$r$ /st t#s $ $'id$n$ to ad$8at$ly $stalis# t#$ sa/$.T#$r$ is non$ s# in t#$ as$ at ar* #o%$'$r.DIMAY>,A+LA>RENA vs. CA 7== SCRA 971 :Se$teber 225 2

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SCT#$ r$sili$ny %it# %#i# t#$ on$&t s#old $ a&&li$d and t#$ as$toas$asis y %#i# t#$ &ro'ision s#old $ int$r&r$t$d* as so int$nd$d y its ra/$rs* #ad*so/$#o% $$n r$nd$r$d in$$tal y t#$ i/&osition o a s$t o strit standards in8olina.T#$ nint$nd$d ons$8$n$s o8olina* #o%$'$r* #as ta+$n its toll on &$o&l$%#o #a'$ to li'$ %it# d$'iant $#a'ior* /oral insanity and soio&at#i &$rsonality

ano/aly* %#i#* li+$ t$r/it$s* ons/$ littl$ y littl$ t#$ '$ry ondation o t#$ira/ili$s* or asi soial instittions. Car ro/ %#at %as int$nd$d y t#$ arria$s inas/# as6to r$8ir$ t#$ &$tition$r to all$$ in t#$ &$tition t#$ &artilar root as$ o t#$&sy#oloial ina&aity and to atta# t#$r$to t#$ '$rii$d %ritt$n r$&ort o an ar$dit$d&sy#oloist or &sy#iatrist #a'$ &ro'$d to $ too $,&$nsi'$ or t#$ &arti$s. T#$y

!

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ad'$rs$ly a$t a$ss to Dsti$ or &oor litiants. It is also a at t#at t#$r$ ar$ &ro'in$s%#$r$ t#$s$ $,&$rts ar$ not a'ailal$. T#$ n$$d or t#$ $,a/ination o t#$ &arty or &arti$sy a &sy#oloist or &sy#iatrist and t#$ &r$s$ntation o &sy#iatri $,&$rts s#all no% $d$t$r/in$d y t#$ ort drin t#$ &r$trial on$r$n$.7

Bt i t#$ &arti$s #ad t#$ ll o&&ortnity to &r$s$nt &ro$ssional and $,&$rt

o&inions o &sy#iatrist train t#$ root as$* ra'ity and inraility o a &artyFs all$$d&sy#oloial ina&aity t#$n* s# $,&$rt o&inion s#old $ &r$s$nt$d and* aordinly*$ %$i#$d y t#$ ort in d$idin %#$t#$r to rant a &$tition or nllity o /arria$.

MARIETTA C. A0C>ETA v. REP>4LICG=. No. 1404 (>ay 2* 200!)>ari$tta /arri$d =odolo 2 /ont#s at$r t#$ir 1st/$$tin. T#$ /arria$ last$d

only or 9 y$ars and ss$8$ntly >ari$tta il$d a &$tition or d$laration o nllity o/arria$ nd$r Artil$ . ;#$ all$$d t#at =odolo %as $/otionally i//atr$*irr$s&onsil$ and ontinally ail$d to ada&t #i/s$l to /arri$d li$ and &$ror/ t#$$ss$ntial r$s&onsiiliti$s and dti$s o a #sand. $ n$'$r ot#$r$d to loo+ or a Do andinst$ad r$li$d &on #is /ot#$r or inanial assistan$ inldin t#$ &ay/$nt o r$ntals ot#$ roo/ t#$y %$r$ o&yin. $ &r$t$nd$d t#at #$ ond a Do t %#$n onront$d as

>ari$tta diso'$r$d t#at #$ r$ally did not atally $t a Do and t#$ /on$y #$ a'$ #$r(%#i# %as s&&os$dly #is salary) a/$ ro/ #is /ot#$r* #$ ri$d li+$ a #ild and toldt#$ %i$ t#at #$ did it so s#$ %old sto& nain aot a&&lyin or a Do. "#$n t#$ydisss$d aot t#$ir s$,al &rol$/ as t#$irs is an nsatisatory s$, on$ a /ont#*=odolo %old al%ays say t#at s$, is sar$d and s#old not $ $nDoy$d or as$d. $ didnot $'$n %ant to #a'$ a #ild y$t $as$ #$ %as not r$ady. T#$ &sy#iatrist t$stii$d t#at=odolo %as s$rin ro/ @$&$nd$nt P$rsonality @isord$r %#os$ r$s&ons$ to ordinary%ay o li$ %as in$$tal and in$&t* #arat$ri$d y loss o s$lonid$n$* onstants$ldot* inaility to /a+$ #is o%n d$isions and d$&$nd$ny on ot#$r &$o&l$.

SC T#$ root as$ o t#$ ao'$ linial ondition is d$ to a stron and&rolon$d d$&$nd$n$ %it# a &ar$nt o t#$ o&&osit$ s$,* to a &$riod %#$n it $o/$s nolon$r a&&ro&riat$. T#is sitation ri&&l$d #is &sy#oloial ntionin r$lat$d to s$,*s$lonid$n$* ind$&$nd$n$* r$s&onsiility and /atrity. It $,ist$d &rior to t#$/arria$* t $a/$ /ani$st only at$r t#$ $l$ration d$ to /arital str$ss$s andd$/ands. It is onsid$r$d as &$r/an$nt and inral$ in natr$* $as$ it start$d $arly in#is li$ and t#$r$or$ $a/$ so d$$&ly inrain$d into #is &$rsonality strtr$. It iss$'$r$ and ra'$ in d$r$$* $as$ it #a/&$r$d and int$r$r$d %it# #is nor/alntionin r$lat$d to #$t$ros$,al adDst/$nt.

is in#iitions in a s$,al r$lations#i&* is r$$ral$ to an nonsios ilt$$lins o d$yin t#$ /ot#$rFs lo'$. At t#is &oint* #$ #as diilty in d$lin$atin$t%$$n t#$ %i$ and t#$ /ot#$r* so t#at #is ontinos r$lations#i& %it# #is %i$&rod$s onsid$ral$ an,i$ty* %#i# #$ is nal$ to #andl$* and ri&&l$d #i/&sy#oloially.

T#$ ;< also it$d &antos, 8arcos, and Ted$isions. It rt#$r stat$d t#at* 6t#$r$%as sii$nt o/&lian$ %it#8olina to %arrant t#$ annl/$nt o t#$ &arti$sF /arria$nd$r Artil$ .7SO vs. VALERA-44 ;

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$ &r$s$nt$d @r. Gat$s* a linial &sy#oloist* %#o t$stii$d t#at Lorna s$rsro/ RORA ASPILLA,AG.=. 150!2- Oto$r 2* 200!

T#$ /arria$ disint$rat$d %#$n* at$r arri'al ro/ 3a&an* Arora diso'$r$d t#at=odolo o#ait$d %it# #$r osin in t#$ir #os$ and ss$8$ntly* l$t t#$ a/ily aod$in a'or o t#$ onin$. On t#$ ot#$r #and* =odolo* in #is &$tition* all$$d t#at Arorais &sy#oloially ina&aitat$d to o/&ly %it# t#$ $ss$ntial oliations o /arria$. $o/&lain$d t#at Arora is a s&$ndt#rit* do/in$$rin and r$8$ntly #/iliat$d #i/.Psy#iatrist >aaa $,&lain$d t#at t#$ s&os$s #aror &sy#oloial #andia&s t#at old$ tra$d ro/ n#$alt#y /atrational d$'$lo&/$nt. =odolo #as an n#$alt#y a/ilialr$lations#i& drin t#$ $arly /atrational d$'$lo&/$nt s&$iially in t#$ or/ o ado/in$$rin and &rot$ti'$ /at$rnal lin$a$.

@$$&s$at$d s$ns$ o d$D$tion* lon$lin$ss* and $/&tin$ss #a/&$r AroraFsoD$ti'ity. ;#$ also &roD$t$d sins o i//atrity and #as t#$ d$sir$ to r$r$ss to a lo%$rl$'$l o d$'$lo&/$nt.

;aaa ail$d to r$'$al t#at t#$s$ &$rsonality traits or &sy#oloialonditions %$r$ ra'$ or s$rios $no# to rin aot an ina&aity to ass/$ t#$$ss$ntial oliations o /arria$. "#il$ #$ %as al$ to $stalis# t#$ &arti$sF &$rsonalitydisord$rH #o%$'$r* >aaa ail$d to lin+ t#$ &arti$s &sy#oloial disord$rs to #isonlsion t#at t#$y ar$ &sy#oloially ina&aitat$d to &$ror/ t#$ir oliations as#sand and %i$. T#$ at t#at t#$s$ &sy#oloial onditions %ill #a/&$r t#$ir&$ror/an$ o t#$ir /arital oliations do$s not /$an t#at t#$y s$r ro/&sy#oloial ina&aity as ont$/&lat$d nd$r Artil$ o t#$ C$r$ diilty isnot synony/os to ina&aity. >or$o'$r* t#$r$ is no $'id$n$ to &ro'$ t#at $a# &artyFsondition is so ra'$ or is o s# as to r$nd$r said &arty ina&al$ o arryin ot t#$ordinary dti$s r$8ir$d in /arria$. T#$r$ is li+$%is$ no $'id$n$ t#at t#$ lai/$dina&aity is inral$ and &$r/an$nt.EDWARD LIM vs. MA. C-ERYL LIMG.=. No. 1599 C$rary 9* 2010

@r. ill$asF &sy#iatri r$&ort stat$d t#at* 6linial $'id$n$ s#o%$d t#at >r.Ed%ard Li/ is s$rin ro/ @$&$nd$nt P$rsonality @isord$r %#il$

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adDst/$nt. A&&ar$ntly* s#$ old not r$oni$d r$aliti$s in t#$ir a/ily s$t& and %illinsist on #$r antasi$d %is#$s.

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&sy#oloist /$a$r inor/ation o/in ro/ a dir$tly int$r$st$d &arty(&$tition$r).

LI,ERALDE vs. PATALIN,->,G.=. No. 145! A&ril 1-* 2010"i$ #ad an $,tra /arital aair %it# %#o/ s#$ ss$8$ntly li'$d %it# at$r

t$llin t#$ #sand t#at s#$ #ad no /or$ lo'$ or #i/. T#s* t#$ #sand a/$ to $li$'$

t#at %it# t#$ %i$Fs irr$s&onsil$* i//atr$ and i//oral $#a'ior* s#$ is &sy#oloiallyina&aitat$d to o/&ly %it# t#$ $ss$ntial oliations o /arria$.;

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"#$r$ a &arty d$sir$s to $nt$r into anot#$r /arria$* #$ is r$8ir$d y la% to&ro'$ t#at t#$ &r$'ios on$ %as an asolt$ nllity. Bt t#is #$ /ay do on t#$asis sol$ly o a inal Dd/$nt d$larin s# &r$'ios /arria$ 'oid.A &arty /ay in'o+$ t#$ asolt$ nllity o a &r$'ios /arria$ or &r&os$s ot#$rt#an r$/arria$ s# as an ation or li8idation* &artition* distrition and

s$&aration o &ro&$rty as %$ll as stody and s&&ort o t#$ir o//on #ildr$n.T#$ ort $or$ %#i# t#$ iss$ o nllity o a irst /arria$ is ro#t isli+$%is$ lot#$d %it# Drisdition to d$id$ t#$ inid$ntal 8$stions r$ardin t#$o&l$Fs &ro&$rti$s.*/ Ate#3a vs. 4rlla#tes5 6r.

29 ;

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7. @is/issal o t#$ ation i &$tition$r ails to &$rsonally a&&$ar or t#ro# #isons$l or #is at#ori$d r$&r$s$ntati'$. I it %$r$ t#$ ans%$rin r$s&ond$nt %#oail$d to a&&$ar* t#$ &r$trial s#all &ro$$d t t#$ &li &ros$tor is r$8ir$d toin'$stiat$ %#$t#$r ollsion $,ists $t%$$n t#$ &arti$s.

=. T#$ &r$sidin Dd$ /st &$rsonally ondt t#$ trial* no d$l$ation o r$$&tion

o $'id$n$ is allo%$d $,$&t to /att$rs in'ol'in &ro&$rty r$lations. T#$ ronds/st $ &ro'$d* no Dd/$nt on t#$ &l$adins* s//ary Dd/$nt or on$ssiono Dd/$nt is allo%$d.

;. P$rsons #a'in no dir$t int$r$st in t#$ as$ /ay $ $,ld$d ro/ t#$ ortroo/on any o t#$ ollo%in ronds* na/$ly: 1) i t#$ ort d$t$r/in$s on t#$ r$ordt#at r$8irin a &arty to t$stiy in o&$n ort %old not $n#an$ t#$ as$rtain/$nto trt#H 2) %old as$ to t#$ &arty &sy#oloial #ar/ or inaility to $$ti'$lyo//niat$ d$ to $/arrass/$nt* $ar or ti/idityH ) %old 'iolat$ t#$ ri#t oa &arty to &ri'ay or %old $ o$nsi'$ to d$$ny or &li /orals.Crt#$r/or$* r$ords o t#$ &ro$$dins ar$ stritly onid$ntial and no o&y ot#$ r$ords /ay $ ta+$n or $,a/in$d* or &$rs$d $,$&t y a &arty or ons$l o

a &arty nl$ss &on ord$r o t#$ ort.G. I t#$ ort rants t#$ &$tition* t#$ d$r$$ o $it#$r annl/$nt or nllity s#all only$ iss$d i t#$ &arti$s o/&ly %it# t#$ r$8ir$/$nts s$t ort# in Artil$s -0(li8idation* &artition* and distrition o t#$ s&os$s* t#$ stody and s&&ort ot#$ o//on #ildr$n* and t#$ d$li'$ry o t#$ir &r$s/&ti'$ l$iti/$s) and -1('al$ o t#$ &r$s/&ti'$ l$iti/$s and t#$ or/ t#at s#all onstitt$ it as#*&ro&$rty or sond s$riti$s) o t#$ Ca/ily ar# 1-*200 alt#o# t#$ /arria$ is %it#in t#$ o'$ra$ o t#$ Ca/ily arria$ ontrat$d as$d on as$n$ o s&os$ (!2)

N$$d or d$laration o &r$s/&ti'$ d$at# o as$nt$$.

9-

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9./ Re$ubl! vs. N"las!"

220 ;ARDO P. MAN>EL vs. PEOPLE

No'$/$r 2!* 200-Is t#$ s&os$ %#o ontrats a ss$8$nt /arria$ drin t#$ ssist$n$ o a

&r$'ios /arria$ still lial$ or ia/y d$s&it$ t#$ as$nt$$ s&os$ #a'in $$n /issinor 21 y$ars?

Cats: Edardo /arri$d =yls in 1!5-. ;#$ %$nt /issin also in t#$ sa/$ y$arand %as n#$ard o sin$ t#$n. In 1!!* #$ /arri$d Tina. "#$n #$ l$t Tina in 2001* t#$latt$r $a/$ rios and /ad$ in8iri$s %it# t#$ N;O in >anila and l$arn$d t#atEdardo #ad $$n &r$'iosly /arri$d. ;$d or ia/y* Edardo a'$rs t#at %#$n #$/arri$d Tina in 1!!* =yls #ad $$n 6as$nt7 or 21 y$ars sin$ 1!5-. $ &oints ott#at* nd$r t#$ 1st&arara o Artil$ !0 o t#$

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REP>4LIC vs. CA a#d ALE,RO

@$$/$r !* 200-Alan il$d a &$tition or t#$ d$laration o &r$s/&ti'$ d$at# o #is %i$* =osalia

(L$a) %#$n ar$ly a /ont# at$r t#$ /arria$* L$a l$t t#$ir onDal aod$. $ t#$nloo+$d or #$r in #is inla%s #os$* in #$r ri$ndFs #os$ %#$r$ t#$ rot#$rinla% o

L$aFs ri$nd told #i/ t#at #is %i$ l$t or >anila. $ also in8ir$d ro/ #is ri$nds oL$aFs %#$r$aots t to no a'ail. $ also so#t t#$ #$l& o!arangayaat%#o &ro/is$d to #$l& #i/ loat$ #is %i$. In 1!!-* #$ l$t or >anila and %$nt to t#$#os$ o L$aFs ri$nd t d$s&it$ r$&$at$d tal+s %it# #$r* #$ ail$d to ind #$r. $ alsoloo+$d or L$a in t#$ /alls t to no a'ail. In 1!!5* #$ d$id$d to r$trn to aat orroorat$d #is stat$/$nts drin t#$ trial.

SC: T#$ s&os$ &r$s$nt is* t#s* rd$n$d to &ro'$ t#at #is s&os$ #as $$n as$ntand t#at #$ #as a %$llond$d $li$ t#at t#$ as$nt s&os$ is alr$ady d$ad $or$ t#$&r$s$nt s&os$ /ay ontrat a ss$8$nt /arria$. T#$ $li$ o t#$ &r$s$nt s&os$ /st$ t#$ r$slt o &ro&$r and #on$st to oodn$ss in8iri$s and $orts to as$rtain t#$

%#$r$aots o t#$ as$nt s&os$ and %#$t#$r t#$ as$nt s&os$ is alr$ady d$ad* inRepublic vs. olasco* t#$ aat. $ ail$d to&r$s$nt 3an$t# or N$lson or any ot#$r &$rson ro/ %#o/ #$ all$$dly /ad$ in8iri$saot L$a to orroorat$ #is t$sti/ony. "#at is %orriso/$ is t#at* Al$ro ail$d to /a+$in8iri$s ro/ #is &ar$ntsinla% onsid$rin t#at L$aFs at#$r %as t#$ o%n$r o @>;.$ did r$&ort and s$$+ t#$ #$l& o t#$ loal &oli$ and t#$ NBI to loat$ L$a* t it %asonly an at$rt#o#t. $ did so only at$r t#$ O;G il$d its noti$ to dis/iss #is &$tition.SOCIAL SEC>RITY SYSTEM :SSS/ a#d t'e SOCIAL SEC>RITY COMMISSION

:SSC/ vs. TERESITA 6ARB>E vda. DE 4AILON

>ar# 29* 200

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In t#$ as$ at ar* as ond y t#$

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Art. 1* $$ts o t$r/ination o ss$8$nt /arria$ &on r$a&&$aran$ o as$nt$$s&os$ (!0)

Art. 11 oid stats o ss$8$nt /arria$ allin nd$r Artil$ 91 i ot# &arti$s at$din ad ait# (!0)

Art. 17oidal$ /arria$sH Art.1=%#at onstitt$s rad nd$r Art. 17 :*/5 Art. 1;+&$riod %it#in %#i# to institt$ ation or annl/$nt(!0* !1* !* !-* !* !5* 02)VILLAN>EVA vs. CA

-0- ;an$l is a #o/os$,al* t#$ lo%$r ort annota&&r$iat$ it as a rond to annl #is /arria$ %it# L$onida. T#$ la% is l$ar a /arria$/ay $ annll$d %#$n t#$ ons$nt o $it#$r &arty %as otain$d y rad* s# ason$al/$nt o #o/os$,ality. No%#$r$ in t#$ said d$ision %as it &ro'$n y&r$&ond$ran$ o $'id$n$ t#at >an$l %as a #o/os$,al at t#$ ons$t o #is /arria$and t#at #$ d$li$rat$ly #id s# at to #is %i$. It is t#$ on$al/$nt o #o/os$,ality*and not #o/os$,ality per se* t#at 'itiat$s t#$ ons$nt o t#$ inno$nt &arty. ;#on$al/$nt &r$s&&os$s ad ait# and int$nt to d$rad t#$ ot#$r &arty in i'in ons$ntto t#$ /arria$.

T#$ lo%$r ort onsid$r$d t#$ &li &$r$&tion o >an$lFs s$,al &r$$r$n$%it#ot t#$ orrooration o %itn$ss$s. It too+ onian$ o >an$lFs &$liariti$s andint$r&r$t$d it aainst #is s$,ality.

T#$ Ca/ily

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na/$d >ntin Paraiso t#at is no% s$d as r$sid$n$ o >ari$tta and t#$ #ildr$n.=odolo int$ndin to r$/arry il$d a &$tition or d$laration o nllity o /arria$ on t#$rond o &sy#oloial ina&aity o t#$ %i$ do+$t$d as ;&. Pro. Nari$tta is r$sidin at >ntin Paraiso #$ #ad t#$ s//ons s$r'$d atanot#$r addr$ss. Cor ailr$ to il$ an Ans%$r =odolo #ad t#$ r$s&ond$nt %i$ d$lar$d

in d$alt and %as allo%$d to add$ $'id$n$ $, &art$. At$r t#$ rant o t#$ &$tition*=odolo ontrat$d anot#$r /arria$ %it# T$r$sita on C$rary 19* 1!!4. >ari$tta t#$nil$d a &$tition or t#$ annl/$nt o t#$ ord$r o t#$ =T< o $ or =(?' aw.ON, vs. ON,

-0- ;

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Ilus"r" vs. 4ld#er

2 ;ay a %i$ s$r$ a %rit o #a$as or&s to o/&$l #$r #sand to li'$ %it# #$rin onDal liss? Cats: Erlinda and Pot$niano %$r$ /arri$d or 0 y$ars. In 1!52* t#$ s&os$

s$&arat$d ro/ $d and oard. "#$n Pot$niano arri'$d ro/ t#$ ;tat$s in 1!!1#$ stay$d %it# Erlinda. T#$ #ildr$n all$$d t#at Erlinda a'$ Pot$niano ano'$rdos$ o antid$&r$ssant dr. On >ay 1* 1!!4* at$r att$ndin a or&orat$/$$tin in Baio

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Art. G; D"#at"# bet?ee# 'usba#d a#d ?&e

ARCA4A vs. TA4ANC>RA5 et al.

No'$/$r 22* 2001Cats: Craniso and #is lat$ %i$ %$r$ o%n$rs o a &ar$l o land. As #$ %as

alon$* #$ in'it$d #is ni$$* a osin o t#$ ni$$* and Araa to stay %it# #i/ at #is

#os$. Lat$r on* t#$ ni$$ and t#$ osin o t#$ ni$$ l$t CranisoFs #o/$ l$a'in onlyCraniso and Araa. B$or$ #is d$at# Craniso donat$d a 1-0s8. /$t$r lot to Araa.T#$ #$irs o Craniso ar$ no% 8$stionin t#$ l$ality o t#$ donation. Araaont$nd$d t#at t#$ &ro&$rty donat$d is &ay/$nt or #$r &ast s$r'i$s r$nd$r$d to t#$d$$as$d. ;#$ rt#$r ont$nds t#at s$,al int$rors$ is no lon$r &ossil$ onsid$rint#at Craniso is alr$ady old.

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add$d s$rity or t#$ loan* Alr$do

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t#$ $ntir$ sal$ nll and 'oid* inldin t#$ &ortion o t#$ onDal &ro&$rty&$rtainin to t#$ #sand %#o ontrat$d t#$ sal$. T#$ sa/$ &rini&l$ s8ar$lya&&li$s to t#$ instant as$. In t#$ as$n$ o a /arria$ s$ttl$/$nt* t#$ syst$/ oonDal &artn$rs#i& o ains o'$rn$d t#$ &ro&$rty r$lations $t%$$n t#$s&os$s. T#$ rl$s on oo%n$rs#i& do not $'$n a&&ly to t#$ &ro&$rty r$lations o

>ar$lino and >i$la $'$n in a s&&l$tory /ann$r. T#$ onDal &artn$rs#i& oains is a s&$ial ty&$ o &artn$rs#i&* %#$r$ t#$ #sand and %i$ &la$ in ao//on nd t#$ &ro$$ds* &rodts* rits and ino/$ ro/ t#$ir s$&arat$&ro&$rti$s and t#os$ a8ir$d y $it#$r or ot# s&os$s t#$ir $orts or y #an$.Unli+$ t#$ asolt$ o//nity o &ro&$rty %#$r$in t#$ rl$s on oo%n$rs#i&a&&ly in a s&&l$tory /ann$r* t#$ onDal &artn$rs#i& s#all $ o'$rn$d y t#$rl$s on &artn$rs#i& in all t#at is not in onlit %it# %#at is $,&r$ssly d$t$r/in$din t#$ #a&t$r or y t#$ s&os$s in t#$ir /arria$ s$ttl$/$nts.

T#$ asi and $stalis#$d at is t#at drin #is li$ti/$* %it#ot t#$+no%l$d$ and ons$nt o #is %i$* >ar$lino onstitt$d a r$al $stat$ /orta$on t#$ sD$t &ro&$rty* %#i# or/$d &art o t#$ir onDal &artn$rs#i&. By

$,&r$ss &ro'ision o Artil$ 129 o t#$ Ca/ily STE vs. CA a#d MALA4ON,A

1 ;analo %as int$r$st$d to y t#$ Taytay and >a+ati &ro&$rti$s o s&os$s

analo and >r.

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t$r/s o t#$ &ay/$nt* and a do%n &ay/$nt %as /ad$ t t#$ %i$ o t#$ '$ndor r$s$dto sin t#$ ontrats to s$ll. a'in $$n a%ar$ o t#$ transations >analo ar$s t#atNor/a analo ail$d to all$$ and &ro'$ t#at Nor/a %as ina&aitat$d to i'$ #$r

ons$nt to t#$ ontrats. In t#$ as$n$ o s# s#o%in o t#$ %i$Fs ina&aity* ortat#oriation annot $ so#t.-EIRS OF REYES vs. MI6ARES

910 ;

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sin$d only as an instr/$ntal %itn$ss* ir/stan$s l$adin to t#$ $,$tion o saiddo/$nt &oint to t#$ at t#at Lor$na %as lly a%ar$ o t#$ sal$ o t#$ir onDal&ro&$rty and ons$nt$d to t#$ sal$.

>or$o'$r* nd$r Artil$ 15* in r$lation to Artil$ 1* ot# o t#$ N$% ANDIN,

3anary 25* 200"i$ @olor$s institt$d an ation or an$llation o %ai'$r o ri#ts* d$$d o sal$

aainst #$r #sand Al$rt and ;andin* Al$rtFs osin. It a&&$ars t#at Al$rt $,$t$dan aida'it o %ai'$r o ri#ts o'$r a &ortion o a &ar$l o land in a'or o ;andin andlat$r sold t#$ r$/ainin &ortion t#ro# a d$$d o sal$ to ;andin. In ot# do/$nts*Al$rt lai/$d t#at #$ is t#$ &oss$ssor and o%n$r o said land. Aordin to @olor$s* t#$

nr$ist$r$d* 'irin* ariltral land is a onDal &artn$rs#i& &ro&$rty #a'in $$na8ir$d y t#$/ drin t#$ /arria$ as $'id$n$d y a 1!59 ta, d$laration. T#$y $'$n#ir$d t#$ s$r'i$s o a ar$ta+$r to o'$rs$$ t#$ land. T#s* Al$rt old not #a'$ 'alidlyon'$y$d t#$ &ro&$rty to ;andin %it#ot #$r ons$nt.

SCInd$$d* all &ro&$rty o t#$ /arria$ is &r$s/$d to $ onDal in natr$.o%$'$r* or t#is &r$s/&tion to a&&ly* t#$ &arty in'o+in it /st irst &ro'$ t#at t#$&ro&$rty %as a8ir$d drin t#$ /arria$. Proo o a8isition drin t#$ o'$rtr$ is aondition sine +ua non to t#$ o&$ration o t#$ &r$s/&tion in a'or o t#$ onDal&artn$rs#i&.

In t#$ as$ at ar* @olor$s ail$d to sstantiat$ y &r$&ond$ran$ o $'id$n$ #$rlai/ t#at t#$ sD$t land %as onDal in natr$. ;#$ did not id$ntiy %#$n s#$ and #$r#sand 1sto&i$d and &oss$ss$d t#$ land. N$it#$r did s#$ &r$s$nt any %itn$ss to &ro'$t#at t#$y 1sto&i$d t#$ &ro&$rty drin t#$ /arria$ and t#at t#$y %or+$d on t#$ land."#il$ s#$ lai/$d t#at t#$y also #ir$d t#$ s$r'i$s o a ar$ta+$r* r$ords s#o% t#at t#$ar$ta+$r %as a&&oint$d only in 1!4!. T#$ initial ta, d$laration s#$ &r$s$nt$d alt#o#dat$d 1!59 annot ato/atially $ d$d$d t#at t#$ o&ation o t#$ sD$t &ro&$rty%as li+$%is$ don$ in 1!59. To so onld$ %ill a/ont to s&$lation and onD$tr$ ont#$ &art o t#$ ort. @$laration o a land or ta, &r&os$s annot $ $8at$d %it# itsa8isition or* in t#$ ordinary ors$ o t#ins* o&ation o a &i$$ o land o/$s$or$ d$larin it or ta, &r&os$s. T#$ 1!59 ta, d$laration annot $ /ad$ a asis to&ro'$ its onDal natr$ as t#$ land %as d$lar$d or ta, &r&os$s sol$ly in t#$ na/$ oAl$rt* %#o sold it as #is $,lsi'$ &ro&$rty. In a lon lin$ o as$s* t#is

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nd$r a &ro&$rty r$i/$ o'$rn$d y t#$ onDal &artn$rs#i& o ains* Artil$ 10! o t#$Ca/ily arilo.FRANCISCO vs. ,ON0ALES

-- ;i#$l$and G$or$ >atrai %$r$ ord$r$d y t#$ ort to 'aat$ t#$ &r$/is$s l$as$d to t#$/ and to&ay a+ r$ntals* n&aid t$l$on$ ills and attorn$yFs $$s. A noti$ o sal$ y $,$tion%as t#$n iss$d y t#$ s#$ri o'$rin t#$ &ro&$rty in 910 Taal ;t.* Ayala Alaan t#at%as still nd$r t#$ na/$ o i#$l$.

;i#$l$ and #$r &artn$r* >atrai. Gonal$s all$$dt#at t#$ l$as$ o t#$ &ro&$rty in Lan+a @ri'$ r$dond$d to t#$ $n$it o t#$ a/ily. By nostr$t# o on$Fs i/aination an it $ onld$d t#at t#$ said d$toliation %as inrr$dor t#$ $n$it o t#$ onDal &artn$rs#i& or t#at so/$ ad'anta$ ar$d to t#$ %$lar$to t#$ a/ily.

A %i$ /ay ind t#$ onDal &artn$rs#i& only %#$n s#$ &r#as$s t#insn$$ssary or t#$ s&&ort o t#$ a/ily* or %#$n s#$ orro%s /on$y or t#at &r&os$&on #$r #sandFs ailr$ to d$li'$r t#$ n$$d$d s/H %#$n ad/inistration o t#$onDal &artn$rs#i& is trans$rr$d to t#$ %i$ y t#$ orts or y t#$ #sandH or %#$nt#$ %i$ i'$s /od$rat$ donations or #arity. Cailr$ to $stalis# any o t#$s$ir/stan$s /$ans t#at t#$ onDal ass$t /ay not $ ond to ans%$r or t#$ %i$Fs&$rsonal oliation.4>ADO vs. CA a#d NICOL-4 ;

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REIM4>RSEMENT RE CON6>,AL F>NDS

6OSEFA FERRER vs. SPS. MAN>EL VIR,INIA FERRER a#d SPS. ISMAEL

FLORA FERRER

-04 ;DICIAL SEPARATION OF PROPERTY

Art!le 9*1 In t#$ as$n$ o $,&r$ss d$laration in t#$ /arria$ s$ttl$/$nts* nos$&aration o &ro&$rty s#all ta+$ &la$ drin t#$ /arria$ $,$&t &on Ddiial ord$r.T#$ s$&aration o &ro&$rty /ay $it#$r $ or sii$nt as$ (Artil$ 1-) or 'olntary(Artil$ 1).

Art!le 9*7 Cor as$s allin nd$r n/$rs (1)* (2)* and () i.$.1. s$nt$n$d toa &$nalty t#at arri$s %it# it i'il int$rdition* 2. Ddiially d$lar$d an as$nt$$* and .loss &ar$ntal at#ority d$r$$d y t#$ ort* t#$ &r$s$ntation o inal Dd/$nt is $no#asis or t#$ rant o t#$ d$r$$ o Ddiial s$&aration o &ro&$rty.

Art!le 9*= olntary dissoltion /st $ '$rii$d and Dointly il$d y t#$s&os$s.

Art!les 9*;5 9*G5 a#d 9*8 li8idation o $it#$r t#$ asolt$ o//nity oronDal &artn$rs#i& &on rant o &$tition* $$t t#$ &ro&$rty r$lations o t#$ s&os$sis no% o'$rn$d y t#$ r$i/$ o o/&l$t$ s$&aration o &ro&$rty and t#$ r$8ir$/$nt or$ist$rin t#$ &$tition or s$&aration o &ro&$rty and t#$ inal Dd/$nt rantin t#$sa/$ %it# t#$ a&&ro&riat$ r$istri$s.

Art!le 919 r$'i'al o t#$ or/$r &ro&$rty r$i/$ t#at $,ist$d &rior to itss$&aration &on &ro&$r /otion. T#$r$at$r no 'olntary s$&aration o &ro&$rty s#all aain$ rant$d y t#$ ort.

ELENA M>LLER vs. -ELM>T M>LLER

Ast 2!* 200El$na and $l/t* a G$r/an national* %$r$ /arri$d in 1!4! in a/r*

G$r/any. T#$y initially li'$d in a/r t in 1!!2* t#$ s&os$s d$id$d to /o'$ and&$r/an$ntly r$sid$ in t#$ P#ili&&in$s. $l/t sold t#$ #os$ #$ in#$rit$d ro/ #is&ar$nts in G$r/any. "it# t#$ /on$y* #$ o#t a P-24*000.00 lot in Anti&olo andonstrt$d a P2. /illion &$so #os$ t#$r$on. T#$ Anti&olo &ro&$rty %as r$ist$r$d inEl$naFs na/$. T#$ /arria$ #o%$'$r* did not last d$ to $l/tFs all$$d %o/aniin*

-4

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drin+in and /altr$at/$nt and $'$ntally t#$ s&os$s s$&arat$d. In 1!!9* $l/t il$d a&$tition or s$&aration o &ro&$rti$s. $ lai/s t#at #$ is not &rayin or t#$ trans$r oo%n$rs#i& o t#$ Anti&olo &ro&$rty as #$ is a%ar$ o t#$ onstittional &ro#iition oali$ns a8irin lands o t#$ &li do/ain t /$r$ly r$i/rs$/$nt. T#at t#$ &ro&$rtyis titl$d in t#$ na/$ o El$na $as$ o said &ro#iition. T#at t#$ nds &aid y #i/ or

t#$ said &ro&$rty %$r$ in onsid$ration o #is /arria$ to El$naH t#at nds %$r$ i'$n to#$r in trst and $8ity d$/ands t#at #$ s#old $ r$i/rs$d o #is &$rsonal nds.Iss$: Is r$s&ond$nt $ntitl$d to r$i/rs$/$nt o t#$ nds s$d or t#$

a8isition o t#$ Anti&olo &ro&$rty?SCAli$ns ar$ dis8alii$d ro/ a8irin &ri'at$ lands. T#$ &ri/ary &r&os$ o

t#$ onstittional &ro'ision is t#$ ons$r'ation o t#$ national &atri/ony.=$s&ond$nt annot s$$+ r$i/rs$/$nt on t#$ rond o $8ity %#$r$ it is l$ar

t#at #$ %illinly and +no%inly o#t t#$ &ro&$rty d$s&it$ t#$ onstittional&ro#iition. It #as $$n #$ld t#at $8ity as a rl$ %ill ollo% t#$ la% and %ill not &$r/itt#at to $ don$ indir$tly %#i#* $as$ o &li &oliy* annot $ don$ dir$tly. $%#o s$$+s $8ity /st do $8ity* and #$ %#o o/$s into $8ity /st o/$ %it# l$an

#ands. Crt#$r* t#$ distintions $t%$$n trans$r o o%n$rs#i& as o&&os$d to r$o'$ry onds is a til$ $,$ris$ on r$s&ond$ntFs &art. To allo% r$i/rs$/$nt %old in $$t&$r/it r$s&ond$nt to $nDoy t#$ rits o a &ro&$rty t#at #$ is not allo%$d to o%n. T#s* itis* li+$%is$ &rosri$d y la%.

T#$

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T#$ on'ition o adlt$ry do$s not arry %it# it t#$ &$nalty o i'il int$rditiont#at d$&ri'$s t#$ &$rson o t#$ ri#ts to /ana$ to /ana$ #$r &ro&$rty and to dis&os$ os# &ro&$rty inter vivos.Art. 91; Pro&$rty o Unions %it#ot >arria$ (!2*!5)

Valdes vs. RTC 4. 9

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6O-N A4IN, vs. 6>LIET WAEYAN

3ly 1* 200In 1!4* 3li$t and 3o#n d$id$d to li'$ to$t#$r as #sand and %i$ %it#ot t#$

$n$it o /arria$. @rin t#$ o#aitation* t#$y &r#as$d a 2stor$y #os$ %#$r$ t#$ta, d$laration %as trans$rr$d in t#$ na/$ o 3li$t. T#$ #os$ %as r$no'at$d as ann$,$d

to it is a n$% strtr$ t#at #os$d a sari9saristor$. In 1!!1* 3li$t %$nt to Wor$a and%#il$ t#$r$ s#$ %old s$nd /on$y to 3o#n %#o %old d$&osit it in t#$ir Doint an+aont. "#$n s#$ r$trn$d ro/ Wor$a* t#$y ontin$d to li'$ to$t#$r* %it# 3o#n%or+in as an $/&loy$$ o L$&anto >in$s and 3li$t /anain t#$ stor$. In 1!!-* t#$y&artition$d t#$ir &ro&$rti$s and $,$t$d a 8emorandum of (greementt#at %as nsin$dy t#$ &arti$s t sin$d y t#$ir %itn$ss$s %#$r$ it %as ar$$d t#at 3o#n s#all l$a'$ t#$#os$ %it# 3li$t &ayin #i/ t#$ a/ont o P924*450.00 r$&r$s$ntin 3o#nFs s#ar$ in t#$&ro&$rti$s. 3li$t /ad$ a do%n &ay/$nt o P22*!5. %it# t#$ alan$ to $ &aid in 12/ont#ly install/$nts. ;#$ ail$d #o%$'$r* to /a+$ ood t#$ alan$ so 3o#n d$/and$dt#at s#$ 'aat$ t#$ ann$,. "#$n s#$ r$s$d 3o#n il$d an $D$t/$nt sit aainst 3li$tlai/in t#at #$ alon$ s&$nt or t#$ onstrtion o t#$ ann$, sin #is o%n nds %it#

t#$ ta, d$laration or t#$ strtr$ nd$r #is na/$ and t#r /on$y #$ orro%$d ro/ #isr$lati'$s as &roos. T#$ &roo o ind$t$dn$ss is a 1!!0 aida'it o on$ >aara$ %#ostat$d t#at 3o#n orro%$d P0*000.00 ro/ #i/. T#$ >T< ond or 3o#n %#i# d$ision%as air/$d y t#$ =Taara$ t t#$ aida'itstat$d t#at it %as in 988aara$. T#$r$is a &aity o $'id$n$* t$sti/onial or do/$ntary* to s&&ort 3o#nFs s$ls$r'inall$ation t#at t#$ ann$, strtr$ %as &t & t#r #is o%n nds andor /on$y orro%$dy #i/. Ta, d$larations do not &ro'$ o%n$rs#i& t at $st an indiia o lai/s oo%n$rs#i&.

In t#is onn$tion Artil$ 195 o t#$ Ca/ily

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A(a$a% vs. Pala#(

3ly 24* 1!!5P$tition$r ail$d to &ro'$ t#at s#$ ontrit$d /on$y to t#$ &ri$ o t#$ ri$land.T#$ la%y$r %#o &r$&ar$d t#$ d$$d o on'$yan$ o t#$ #os$ and lot t$stii$dt#at t#$ /on$y or t#$ &r#as$ &ri$ %as &ro'id$d or y >i$l and #$ also

dir$t$d t#at ErlindaFs na/$ alon$ $ &la$d as t#$ '$nd$$.;< also it$d Artil$ 45 o t#$ Ca/ily

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=. 6ACINTO SA,>ID vs. CA

3n$ 10* 200Und$r t#$ &ro&$rty r$i/$ o'$rn$d y Art. 194 6, , , , only t#$ &ro&$rti$sa8ir$d y ot# o t#$ &arti$s t#ro# t#$ir atal Doint ontrition o /on$y*&ro&$rty* or indstry s#all $ o%n$d y t#$/ in o//on in &ro&ortion to t#$ir

r$s&$ti'$ ontritions , , , ,.7 Proo o atal ontrition is r$8ir$d. In t#$ as$ at ar* no%#$r$ in GinaFs t$sti/ony did s#$ s&$iy t#$ $,t$nt o #$rontrition. "#at a&&$ars in t#$ r$ord ar$ r$$i&ts in #$r na/$ or t#$ &r#as$o onstrtion /at$rials on 1115!- and 122!- in t#$ a/ont o P11*91.00."it# r$s&$t to t#$ dis&t$d &$rsonal &ro&$rti$s ot# lai/$d t#at t#$ /on$y s$din t#$ &r#as$ t#$r$o a/$ &artly ro/ t#$ir Doint aont. T#$r$ is #o%$'$r* nosii$nt &roo o t#$ $,at a/ont o t#$ir r$s&$ti'$ s#ar$s in t#$ said aont.And &rsant to Artil$ 194 o t#$ Ca/ily EVA

9! ;

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onina$. $n$* $'$n i t#$ o#aitation or t#$ a8isition o t#$ &ro&$rty orr$d$or$ t#$ C< too+ $$t* Artil$ 194 o t#$ C< o'$rns.

=at#$r t#an &r$s$ntin &roo o #is atal ontrition to t#$ &r#as$ s$d asonsid$ration or t#$ &ro&$rty* L&o di'$rt$d t#$ rd$n &on #i/ to olanda as a s#r$%dand s#$/in %o/an %it#ot a&aity to &r#as$ any &ro&$rty. P$tition$rFs lai/ o

o%n$rs#i& is %it#ot asis $as$ not only did #$ ail to sstantiat$ #is all$$ontrition t li+$%is$ t#$ '$ry trail o do/$nts &$rtainin to its &r#as$ as$'id$ntiary &roo r$donds to t#$ $n$it o r$s&ond$nt. In ontrast* asid$ ro/ #is /$r$say so and 'ol/inos an+ r$ords* %#i# sadly inds no r$l$'an$ in t#is as$* t#$&$tition$r ail$d to o'$ro/$ #is rd$n o &roo.

=$s&ond$nt #ad sii$ntly $stalis#$d t#at s#$ d$ri'$d nds s$d to &r#as$t#$ &ro&$rty ro/ #$r $arnins* not only as an aontant t also as a sin$ss%o/an$na$d in or$in rr$ny tradin* /on$y l$ndin and D$%$lry r$tail. ;#$ &r$s$nt$dli$nt$l$ and &ro/issory not$s $'inin sstantial d$alins %it# #$r li$nts* #$r an+aont stat$/$nts and an+ transations.4ORROMEO vs. DESCALLAR-40 ;

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-. I inld$d in t#$ sit is a stran$r not o t#$ sa/$ a/ily as t#$ int$r$st o s#stran$r /ay di$r ro/ t#$ int$r$st o t#$ /$/$r o t#$ sa/$ a/ily $,. A oo%n$rH and

. ;&$ial &ro$$dins t#$ t$r/ 6sit7 l$arly i/&li$s only i'il ations(>analo 's. NA a#d AL4ERTO MORENO-00 ;or$no il$d a as$ aainst iyas* #is %i$* s&os$s O%$ and =$ist$r o @$$ds

o

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In t#$ as$ at ar* Tan$o onstitt$d t#$ #os$ in 8$stion as t#$ a/ly #o/$ on>ar# 5* 1!9 t t#$ instr/$nt onstittin t#$ a/ily #o/$ %as r$ist$r$donly on 3anary 29* 1!. T#$ /on$y Dd/$nt aainst Tan$o %as r$nd$r$d on3anary 29* 1!9. T#s at t#$ ti/$ %#$n t#$ 6d$t7 %as inrr$d* t#$ a/ily#o/$ %as not y$t onstitt$d or $'$n r$ist$r$d.

T#$ #os$ s#old $ onstrt$d on a land not $lonin to anot#$r as y t#$'$ry d$inition o t#$ la% t#at t#$ 6a/ily #o/$ is t#$ d%$llin #os$ %#$r$ a&$rson and #is a/ily r$sid$s and t#$ land on %#i# it is sitat$d.T#$ onstittion o a a/ily #o/$ y Tan$o %as /$r$ly an at$rt#o#t in ord$rto $sa&$ $,$tion o t#$ir &ro&$rty.PERLA PATRICIO vs. MARCELINO DARIO III

-05 ;ar$lino III t#at t#$y int$nd to&artition t#$ &ro&$rty and t$r/inat$ t#$ oo%n$rs#i& t t#$ latt$r r$s$d on t#$rond t#at a /inor $n$iiary %#o is >ar$lino IIIFs 12y$ar old son and arandson o t#$ d$$d$nt still r$sid$s in said #o/$. $ ont$nd$d t#at as lon ast#$ /inor is li'in in t#$ a/ily #o/$* t#$ sa/$ ontin$s as s# ntil t#$$n$iiary o/$s o a$. T#at d$s&it$ t#$ $,&iration o 10 y$ars ro/ t#$ dat$ od$at# o >ar$lino in 1!45 i.$. $'$n at$r 3ly 1!!5* t#$ sD$t &ro&$rtyontin$s to $ onsid$r$d as t#$ a/ily #o/$ onsid$rin t#at #is /inor son*%#o is a $n$iiary o said a/ily #o/$* still r$sid$s in t#$ &r$/is$s.

SCT#$ la% $,&liitly &ro'id$s t#at o&any o t#$ a/ily #o/$ $it#$ry t#$ o%n$r t#$r$o or y 6any o its $n$iiari$s7 /st $ atal. Atalo&any* #o%$'$r* n$$d not $ y t#$ o%n$r o t#$ #os$ s&$iially. =at#$r*t#$ &ro&$rty /ay $ o&i$d y t#$ 6$n$iiari$s7 $n/$rat$d in Artil$ 1-9 ot#$ Ca/ily or$o'$r* Art. 1-! o t#$ C< &ro'id$s t#at t#$ a/ily #o/$ s#all ontin$d$s&it$ t#$ d$at# o on$ or ot# s&os$s or o t#$ n/arri$d #$ad o t#$ a/ily ora &$riod o 10 y$ars or or as lon as t#$r$ is a /inor $n$iiary* and t#$ #$irsannot &artition t#$ sa/$ nl$ss t#$ ort inds o/&$llin r$asons t#$r$or. T#isrl$ s#all a&&ly r$ardl$ss o %#o$'$r o%ns t#$ &ro&$rty or onstitt$d t#$ a/ily#o/$.

T#s* /ay >ar$lino Lor$no I* /inor son o r$s&ond$nt $ onsid$r$das a $n$iiary nd$r Artil$ 1-9 o t#$ C

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#$ad o #is i//$diat$ a/ily. And only in d$alt o #is &ar$nts is t#$ oliationi/&os$d on t#$ rand&ar$nts.

>ar$lino Lor$no I is d$&$nd$nt on l$al s&&ort not ro/ #isrand/ot#$r* t ro/ #is at#$r. T#s d$s&it$* r$sidin in t#$ a/ily #o/$ and#is a d$s$ndant o >ar$lino @ario* >ar$lino Lor$no I annot $ onsid$r$d

as $n$iiary ont$/&lat$d nd$r Artil$ 1-9 $as$ #$ did not lill t#$ rd

r$8isit$ o $in d$&$nd$nt on #is rand/ot#$r or l$al s&&ort.ELLY5 6R. vs. PLANTERS PROD>CTS5 INC. --5 ;or$o'$r* t#$ d$ts or %#i# t#$ a/ily #o/$ is /ad$ ans%$ral$ /st #a'$ $$n

inrr$d at$r Ast * 1!44. Ot#$r%is$* (t#at is* i it %as inrr$d &rior to Ast *1!44)* t#$ all$$d a/ily #o/$ /st $ s#o%n to #a'$ $$n onstitt$d $it#$r Ddiiallyor $,traDdiially &rsant to t#$

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9/ 4adua vs. CA

22! ;S vs. ESTATE "& DECEDENT 6>AN ,AM4OA DI0ON ;

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t#$ on$ to d$id$ %#$t#$r to on$al t#at inid$lity or $,&os$ it in 'i$% o t#$ /oral and$ono/i int$r$st in'ol'$d.

Art!le 9=G rl$* # t'e abse#!e "& $r""& t" t'e !"#trar%* i %i$ ontrat$d ass$8$nt /arria$ %it#in 00 days at$r t$r/ination o &rior /arria$ and i'$s irt#t#$r$at$r. (!!)

,ERARDO CONCEPCION vs. CA a#d MA. T-ERESA ALMONTEAst 1* 200-G$rardo and T#$r$sa %$r$ /arri$d on @$$/$r 2!* 1!4! and at$r t#$ /arria$

li'$d %it# T#$r$saFs &ar$nts at Cair'i$%* Qario Go&iao on@$$/$r 10* 1!40* %#i# /arria$ %as n$'$r annll$d and t#at >ario is still ali'$ andis r$sidin in Loyola $i#ts* Qario %asli'in in Loyola $i#ts %#i# is also in Q

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y$ar. No $'id$n$ %as s#o%n t#at #$ $'$r arri'$d in t#$ ontry in t#$ y$ar 1!!5&r$$din t#$ irt# o 3oann$ =odDin.

T#$ rd$n o &ro'in &at$rnity is on t#$ &$rson %#o all$$s t#at t#$ &tati'$at#$r is t#$ ioloial at#$r o t#$ #ild.

A #ild orn to a #sand and a %i$ drin a 'alid /arria$ is &r$s/$d

l$iti/at$. T#is &r$s/&tion o l$iti/ay o t#$ #ild* #o%$'$r* is not onlsi'$ andons$8$ntly* /ay $ o'$rt#ro%n y $'id$n$ to t#$ ontrary."it# t#$ ad'an$/$nt in t#$ i$ld o $n$tis* and a'ailaility o n$%

t$#noloy* it an $ d$t$r/in$d %it# r$asonal$ $rtainty %#$t#$r =o$lio is t#$ioloial at#$r o t#$ /inor* t#ro# @NA t$stin. @NA analysis is a &ro$dr$ in%#i# @NA $,trat$d ro/ a ioloial sa/&l$ otain$d ro/ an indi'idal is $,a/in$d.T#$ @NA is &ro$ss$d to $n$rat$ a &att$rn* or a @NA &roil$* or t#$ indi'idal ro/%#o/ t#$ sa/&l$ is ta+$n. T#is @NA &roil$ is ni8$ or $a# &$rson* $,$&t orid$ntial t%ins.

T#$ d$at# o =o$lio do$s not ipso facton$at$ t#$ a&&liation o @NA t$stinor as lon as t#$r$ $,ist a&&ro&riat$ ioloial sa/&l$s o #is @NA. Bioloial sa/&l$s

inld$ lood* sali'a* and ot#$r ody lids* tiss$s* #airs and on$s.Artil$ 152 Proo o Ciliation9/ Me#d"3a vs. CA

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do/$nt %as $,$t$d as an a&&liation or t#$ r$onition o ri#ts to a+ &ay*t#$ ont$nts $in* only a &ri/a ai$ $'id$n$ o t#$ ats stat$d t#$r$in.T#$ lai/ t#at #$ $nDoy$d and &oss$ss$d t#$ stats o a l$iti/at$ #ild* t#$$tro>anila %old #a'$ r$ason to alsiy a &artilar 1!-5 irt# r$ord oriinatinro/ t#$ loal i'il r$istry o Iloilo

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&arti$s ad/itt$d t#$ir r$lations#i& to on$ anot#$r* t#at =osalina is >aria T#$r$saFsrand/ot#$r and 'is$ '$rsa. "#$n =osalina %as ord$r$d y t#$ ort to i'$ 14o t#$ aria T#$r$sa* t#$ or/$r 8$stion$d t#$ latt$rFsiliation* raisin t#$ ollo%in iss$s: 1. %#$t#$r t#$ $rtii$d $ro, o&y o t#$$rtiiat$ o li'$ irt# is o/&$t$nt $'id$n$ to &ro'$ t#$ all$$d iliation o

>aria T#$r$sa as an 6ill$iti/at$ da#t$r7 o #$r all$$d at#$r i$nt$ E$ta?2. %#$t#$r t#$ ad/ission /ad$ y =osalina t#at >aria T#$r$sa is#$r randda#t$r is $no# to &ro'$ r$s&ond$ntFs iliation %it# i$nt$ E$ta*#$r only son* and

.%#$t#$r t#$ ation or r$onition #as alr$ady &r$sri$d.SC >aria T#$r$sa #ad s$sslly $stalis#$d #$r iliation %it# i$nt$

y &r$s$ntin a dly at#$ntiat$d irt# $rtiiat$ %#i# i$nt$ #i/s$l sin$d t#$r$ya+no%l$din t#at s#$ is #is da#t$r. By t#is at alon$* i$nt$ is d$$/$d to #a'$a+no%l$d$d #is &at$rnity o'$r >aria T#$r$sa.

t#$ d$ r$onition o an ill$iti/at$ #ild in a r$ord o irt#* a %ill* astat$/$nt $or$ a ort o r$ord* or in any at#$nti %ritin is* its$l* a ons//at$d

at o a+no%l$d/$nt o t#$ #ild* and no rt#$r ort ation is r$8ir$d. In at* anyat#$nti %ritin is tr$at$d not Dst a rond or o/&lsory r$onitionH it is in its$l a'olntary r$onition t#at do$s not r$8ir$ a s$&arat$ ation or Ddiial a&&ro'al.DE LA ROSA5 et. al. vs. -EIRS OF VDA. DE DAMIAN

3anary 25* 200Cats: On$ o t#os$ lai/in t#$ $stat$ o t#$ lat$ s&os$s =stia is Gill$r/a

=stia %#o lai/$d to $ t#$ ill$iti/at$ #ild o Gill$r/o =stia %#$r$ s#$ so#tr$onition on 2 ronds: irst* o/&lsory r$onition t#ro# t#$ o&$n and ontinos&oss$ssion o t#$ stats o an ill$iti/at$ #ild and s$ond* 'olntary r$onition t#ro#at#$nti %ritin. As &roo o t#$ latt$r* s#$ &r$s$nt$d t#$ r$&ort ard t#at id$ntii$dGill$r/o =stia as #$r &ar$ntardian. Also in 3os$a @$ladoFs oitary t#at %as&r$&ar$d y Gill$r/o =stia* na/$d Gill$r/a as on$ o t#$ir #ildr$n.

SCT#$r$ %as a&&ar$ntly no dot t#at s#$ &oss$ss$d t#$ stats o an ill$iti/at$#ild ro/ #$r irt# ntil t#$ d$at# o #$r &tati'$ at#$r Gill$r/o =stia. o%$'$r* t#isdid not onstitt$ a+no%l$d/$nt t a mere ground by which she could havecompelled acknowledgment through the courts. Crt#$r/or$* any (Ddiial) ation oro/&lsory a+no%l$d/$nt #as a dal li/itation: t#$ li$ti/$ o t#$ #ild and t#$li$ti/$ o t#$ &tati'$ &ar$nt. On t#$ d$at# o $it#$r* t#$ ation or o/&lsoryr$onition an no lon$r $ il$d. In t#is as$* Gill$r/aFs ri#t to lai/ o/&lsorya+no%l$d/$nt &r$sri$d &on t#$ d$at# o Gill$r/o =stia on C$rary 24* 1!59.

T#$ lai/ o 'olntary r$onition /st li+$%is$ ail. An at#$nti %ritin* or&r&os$s o 'olntary r$onition* is nd$rstood as a $nin$ or indital$ %ritin ot#$ &ar$nt. T#is inld$s a &li instr/$nt or a &ri'at$ %ritin ad/itt$d y t#$ at#$r to$ #is. @id Gill$r/aFs r$&ort ard ro/ t#$ Uni'$rsity o ;anto To/as and 3os$a@$ladoFs oitary &r$&ar$d y Gill$r/o 8aliy as at#$nti %ritins nd$r t#$ 0 vs. CRISTO4AL

9!4 ;$tro>anila. Unal$ to r$a# a s$ttl$/$nt in t#$ir barangay* &$tition$rs il$d a

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o/&laint or annl/$nt o titl$ and da/a$s. 3os$* a #ild o t#$ 2 nd/arria$ t$stii$dt#at t#$ only ti/$ #$ $a/$ a%ar$ t#at &$tition$rs ar$ #is rot#$rs and sist$rs %as %#$n#$ li'$d %it# t#$ir ant >artina* a sist$r o #is at#$r* and t#$ r$ason %#y t#$y %$r$i'in a &ortion o t#$ lot in 8$stion to Elisa* on$ o t#$ #ildr$n o t#$ 1 st/arria$* %ast#at t#$y %ant #$r to #a'$ a &i$$ o &ro&$rty o #$r o%n and is not an ad/ission t#at s#$

is t#$ir sist$r.P$tition$rs* to &ro'$ t#$ir iliation %it# t#$ d$$as$d B$na'$ntra* &r$s$nt$d t#$a&tis/al $rtiiat$s o Elisa* Ans$l/o* and t#$ lat$ ;oorro. In t#$ as$ o >$r$d$s%#o %as orn on 3anary 1* 1!0!* s#$ &rod$d a $rtiiation iss$d y t#$ L$tro>anila att$stin to t#$ at t#at r$ords o irt# or t#$ y$ars 1!01* 1!0!*1!2 to 1!!* 1!9 and 1!94 %$r$ all d$stroy$d d$ to ordinary %$ar and t$ar.

SC6Any ot#$r /$ans allo%$d y t#$ =l$s o EVA

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and Liailiti$s o @o/ina indiatin Palo Goy/a Li/* 3r. as #$r son and . Ino/$Ta, =$trns or 1!-1!-- o @o/ina* %#$r$ s#$ in'arialy lai/$d &$rsonal$,$/&tion as #$ad o t#$ a/ily.

;< $nniat$d t#at 6t#$ d$ r$onition o an ill$iti/at$ #ild in a r$ord oirt#* a %ill* a stat$/$nt $or$ a ort o r$ord* or in* any at#$nti %ritin is* in its$l*

a ons//at$d at o a+no%l$d/$nt o t#$ #ild* and no rt#$r ation is r$8ir$d. Inat* any at#$nti %ritin is tr$at$d not Dst a rond or o/&lsory r$onitionH it is inits$l a 'olntary r$onition t#at do$s not r$8ir$ a s$&arat$ i'il ation or Ddiiala&&ro'al. T#$s$ &i$$s o do/$ntary $'id$n$* %#os$ at#$ntiity %$r$ not r$t$d y&$tition$rs* %$r$ &ro&$rly onsid$r$d y t#$ ort a 8o and t#$ a&&$llat$ ort to$stalis# t#at Palo Goy/a Li/* 3r. %as a+no%l$d$d y @o/ina Goy/a to $ #$rill$iti/at$ son.TEOFISTO VERCELES vs. POSADA

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#and%ritt$n irt# $rtiiat$ %#i# di$r$d ro/ t#$ o&y &r$s$nt$d y r$s&ond$nt.A/on t#$ di$r$n$s %as r$s&ond$ntFs /ot#$rFs ll na/$ %#i# %as indiat$d as6$r/o$na CENO vs. LOPE0G.=. No. 1412-4 >ar# 14* 2010

Ara$li* or and in $#al o /inor Ar#$n$l il$d a o/&laint or r$onitionand s&&ort aainst N$&o/$no.

;#$ all$$d t#at Ar#$n$l is t#$ &rodt o #$r $,tra/arital aair %it#

N$&o/$no t t#at t#$ latt$r r$s$d to ai, #is sinatr$ on t#$ #ildFs irt#$rtiiat$. Bt as &roo o #is a+no%l$d/$nt t#at t#$ #ild is #is #ild* Ara$li&r$s$nt$d as &roo a #and%ritt$n not$ %#$r$ #$ oliat$d #i/s$l to i'$ inanials&&ort in t#$ a/ont o P1*-00.00 on t#$ 1- t#and 0t#o $a# /ont#. ;#$ lai/$d t#att#$ #ildFs iliation %as $stalis#$d y t#$ said not$.

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MarHu#" vs. IAC

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In La'" vs. Sbul" :6ul% 915 2inors Elain$* El/a* and E$n$ %$r$ t#$ #ildr$n o A/$lia and t#$ lat$

>an$l =a/os. At$r >an$lFs d$at#* t#$ #ildr$n %$r$ l$t nd$r t#$ stody o t#$ir&at$rnal rand/ot#$r $as$ A/$lia l$t or Italy. "#$n t#$ &at$rnal rand/ot#$r di$d*t#$ #ildr$n %$r$ ta+$n ar$d o y a &at$rnal nl$. Landinin* t#$ -5y$ar old ant andsist$r o t#$ lat$ >an$l and an A/$rian iti$n r$sidin in Ga/* no% d$sir$s to ado&tt#$ #ildr$n. In #$r &$tition* s#$ all$$d t#at t#$ /ot#$r o t#$ #ildr$n #ad aandon$dt#$/ and #ad not o//niat$d %it# #$r #ildr$n n$it#$r %it# #$r inla%s. In atA/$lia #as alr$ady r$/arri$d and #as 2 #ildr$n %it# #$r 2 nd#sand. T#at &$tition$r and#$r ot#$r silins %$r$ t#$ on$s inanially s&&ortin t#$ #ildr$n. T#at s#$ is alr$ady a%ido% and li'in alon$ $as$ all #$r #ildr$n ar$ alr$ady /arri$d and ar$ ainlly$/&loy$d. T#$y #a'$ i'$n t#$ir ons$nt in %ritin to t#$ ado&tion* and also &ro/is$d to#$l& #$r in s&&ortin t#$ #ildr$n inanially. Li+$%is$* t#$ &at$rnal nl$ %#$r$ t#$#ildr$n ar$ rr$ntly stayin also sinii$d #is %illinn$ss and o//it/$nt to s&&ortt#$ /inors %#il$ in &$tition$rFs stody.

T#$

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() T#$ ioloial &ar$nts o t#$ #ild* i +no%n , , , .T#$ $n$ral r$8ir$/$nt o ons$nt and noti$ to t#$ natral &ar$nts is int$nd$d to

&rot$t t#$ natral &ar$ntal r$lations#i& ro/ n%arrant$d int$r$r$n$ y int$rlo&$rs* andto insr$ t#$ o&&ortnity to sa$ard t#$ $st int$r$st o t#$ #ild.

$r$ly&$r/ittin t#$ #ild to r$/ain or a ti/$ ndistr$d in t#$ ar$ o ot#$rs do$s notonstitt$ aandon/$nt. To dis&$ns$ %it# t#$ r$8ir$/$nt o ons$nt* t#$ aandon/$nt/st $ s#o%n to #a'$ $,ist$d at t#$ ti/$ o ado&tion.

$r$* &$tition$r r$li$d sol$ly on #$r t$sti/ony and t#at o Elain$* t#$ $ld$st o t#$

* to &ro'$ t#at A/$lia aandon$d t#$/.T#$ o/$ ;tdy =$&ort t$nds to s#o% ot#$r%is$. Elain$ drin t#$ int$r'i$% saidt#at 6# ser"us $r"bles s'e alread% !"#sult 'er "t'er a#d $ett"#er+au#t.7 And%#il$ &$tition$r and ot#$r &at$rnal r$lati'$s ar$ ontinosly &ro'idin or /ost o t#$irn$$ds and $dation* A/$lia %old also se#d a#!al su$$"rt ra#(#( &r"P9i#a$l %as d$li'$r$d in

1!4. T#$y %$r$ only aot 11 days old %#$n t#$y %$r$ i'$n to t#$ s&os$s Li/ %#o#ad t#$/ r$ist$r$d as i t#$y %$r$ t#$ir o%n #ildr$n. T#$y %$r$ r$ar$d and ar$d orand %$r$ s$nt to $,lsi'$ s#ools and s$d t#$ srna/$ 6Li/7 in all t#$ir s#ool r$ordsand do/$nts. In 1!44* t#$ #sand di$d and t#$ sr'i'in s&os$ $nt$r$d into anot#$r/arria$ %it# an A/$rian iti$n* Olario. >onina (t#$ sr'i'in s&os$) t#$n il$d t%os$&arat$ &$titions to ado&t t#$ #ildr$n y a'ailin o t#$ a/n$sty i'$n nd$r =A 4--2or t#$ @o/$sti Ado&tion At o 1!!4 to t#os$ indi'idals %#o si/lat$d t#$ irt# o t#$#ild. Bot# #ildr$n* %#o ar$ alr$ady o l$al a$* a'$ t#$ir ons$nt inldin>i#$ll$Fs #sand to t#$ ado&tion. Olario li+$%is$ $,$t$d an aida'it o ons$nt ort#$ ado&tion o >i#$ll$ and >i#a$l. T#$ lo%$r ort d$ni$d t#$ &$tition $as$inas/# as >onina #as r$/arri$d* #$r &$tition s#old #a'$ $$n Dointly il$d %it# #$rn$% #sand.

I;;UE: "#$t#$r >onina* %#o #as r$/arri$d* an sinly ado&t?

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,AN vs. REYES

>ay 24* 2002A&&r$#$nsi'$ t#at s#$ %old $ nal$ to s$nd #$r y$ar old da#t$r to

s#ool* s#$ %rot$ Gan d$/andin s&&ort or t#$ir 6lo'$ #ild7. Gan d$ni$d&at$rnity o t#$ #ild. $ ar$d t#at sin$ t#$ #ildFs irt# $rtiiat$ indiat$d#$r at#$r as 6UNWNO"N7* t#$n t#$r$ is no l$al asis or t#$ lai/ or s&&ort.Gan %as d$lar$d in d$alt and %as ord$r$d to r$oni$ t#$ #ild Cran#$s+a3oy as #is ill$iti/at$ #ild and to s&&ort #$r. A %rit o $,$tion %as iss$ditin as r$ason t#$ #ildFs i//$diat$ n$$d or s#oolin. >$an%#il$* Gana&&$al$d t#$ Dd/$nt o t#$

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t#at $as$ &$tition$r and t#$ t%ins ar$ no% U; iti$ns* t#$y annot in'o+$ t#$Ca/ily

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PARENTAL A>T-ORITY

9/ Es$rtu vs. CA

292 ;

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6OYCELYN ,>AL4ERTO vs. CRISANTO RAFAELITO ,>AL4ERTO V

91 ;ari$ Anton$tt$ ar$ t#$ &ar$nts o Lor$no E//an$l. T#$y li'$d %it#

>ari$Fs &ar$nts. @$ to inla% &rol$/s* Loran s$st$d t#at t#$y trans$r to t#$ir o%n#os$ t >ari$ r$s$d so #$* alon$* l$t t#$ #os$ and %as* lat$r on* &r$'$nt$d ro/s$$in #is son.

$ t#$n institt$d a &$tition or habeas corpus and stody. Ord$r$d to s#o%as$ %#y Lor$no E//an$l s#old not $ dis#ar$d ro/ r$straint >ari$ /o'$d ort#$ r$onsid$ration o t#$ ord$r %#i# t#$ ort d$ni$d. ;#$ %$nt to t#$

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;

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;#aron* Cili&ino* /arri$d to an A/$rian* $rald* otain$d a d$r$$ o di'or$ro/ an Illinois ort. T#$ ort a%ard$d to ;#aron sol$ stody o t#$ir da#t$r;t$ani$ and r$tain$d Drisdition o'$r t#$ as$ or $nor$/$nt &r&os$s. ;s$8$ntly*t#$ &arti$s $,$t$d in >anila an ar$$/$nt or t#$ Doint stody o t#$ir da#t$r and#os$ t#$ P#ili&&in$ orts as t#$ $,lsi'$ or/ to adDdiat$ dis&t$s arisin ro/ t#$

ar$$/$nt. ;#aron* in at nd$rtoo+ to otain ro/ t#$ Illinois ort an ord$r6r$lin8is#in7 Drisdition to P#ili&&in$ orts. In 2009* $rald s$d ;#aron or all$$d'iolation o t#$ ar$$/$nt as t#$ latt$r $,$ris$d sol$ stody o'$r ;t$ani$.

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Taia/ %as an ad'is$r o a Grad$ lass o t#$ ao'$ said s#ool. T#$ rad$s#ool &rini&al rant$d t#$ %ritt$n r$8$st o t#$ lass &r$sid$nt at#oriin t#$ lass to#old a y$ar$nd $l$ration at t#$ s#ool ronds and to s$ t#$ s%i//in &ool. Taia/distrit$d t#$ &ar$nts ardian &$r/it or/s to t#$ &&ils. On$ o t#$ &&ilsF* a$ C$d$rio* or/ %as nsin$d t Taia/ &r$s/$d t#at s#$ %as allo%$d to Doin t#$

ati'ity sin$ #$r /ot#$r &$rsonally ro#t #$r to t#$ s#ool %it# #$r &a+$d ln# ands%i/sit. Taia/ %arn$d t#$ #ildr$n not to o t#$ d$$&$r &ortion o t#$ &ool.;s$8$ntly* 2 o t#$ #ildr$n sn$a+$d ot and %$nt at$r t#$/. "#il$ s#$ %as a%aya$ dro%n$d.

;ay * 200-) said t#at a &$tition or d$laration o&r$s/&ti'$ d$at# is a suar% $r"!eed#(nd$r t#$ Ca/ily

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9-9 ;ar# 0* 200->ay a &$rson $ allo%$d to dro& #is /iddl$ na/$?Cats: 3lian is t#$ l$iti/at$d son o s&os$s Anna >aria ar# 1* 200- M200 Bar>ay an ill$iti/at$ #ild $ allo%$d to s$ #$r natral /ot#$rFs srna/$ as

#is#$r /iddl$ na/$ %#$n t#$ #ild #as $$n ss$8$ntly ado&t$d y #is#$r natralat#$r?

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srna/$s $t%$$n as$ndants and d$s$ndants* in %#i# as$* t#$ /iddl$ na/$ or t#$/ot#$rFs na/$ s#all $ add$d.

Notaly* t#$ la% is li+$%is$ sil$nt as to %#at /iddl$ na/$ an ado&t$$ /ay s$.Ado&tion is d$in$d as t#$ &ro$ss o /a+in a #ild* %#$t#$r r$lat$d or not to t#$

ado&t$r* &oss$ss in $n$ral* t#$ ri#ts aord$d to a l$iti/at$ #ild. B$in a l$iti/at$

#ild y 'irt$ o #$r ado&tion* it ollo%s t#at ;t$ani$ is $ntitl$d to all t#$ ri#ts&ro'id$d y la% to a l$iti/at$ #ild %it#ot disri/ination o any +ind* inldin t#$ri#t to $ar t#$ srna/$ o #$r /ot#$r and at#$r.

;t$ani$Fs ontin$d s$ o #$r /ot#$rFs srna/$ as #$r /iddl$ na/$ %ill/aintain #$r /at$rnal lin$a$. It is to $ not$d t#at Artil$ 14! () o t#$ Ca/ily 4LIC vs. CAPOTE

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NAME OR NICNAME IN T-E CIVIL RE,ISTER WIT-O>T NEED OF A

6>DICIAL ORDER AMENDIN, FOR T-IS P>RPOSE ARTICLES *;= AND 192

OF T-E CIVIL CODE OF T-E P-ILIPPINES

A&&ro'$d: >ar# 22* 2001 No $ntry in a i'il r$ist$r s#all $ #an$d or orr$t$d %it#ot a Ddiial ord$r

$,$&t: 1. l$rial or ty&oraial $rrors and #an$ o irst na/$ or ni+na/$ %#i# isd$in$d as a /ista+$ o//itt$d in t#$ &$ror/an$ o l$rial %or+ in %ritin* o&yin*transriin or ty&in an $ntry in t#$ i'il r$ist$r t#at is #ar/l$ss and innoos* s# as/iss&$ll$d &la$ o irt# or t#$ li+$* %#i# is 'isil$ to t#$ na+$d $y$ or o'ios to t#$nd$rstandin* and an $ #an$d only y r$$r$n$ to ot#$r $,istin r$ordsH and in;$tion 9 t#$r$o 2. t#$ irst na/$ or ni+na/$ is ridilos* taint$d %it# dis#onor or$,tr$/$ly diilt to %rit$ or &ronon$H . t#$ n$% irst na/$ or ni+na/$ #as $$n#aitally and ontinosly s$ and #$ #as $$n +no%n y t#at irst na/$ or ni+na/$ int#$ o//nityH or 9. t#$ #an$ %ill a'oid onsion.

Cirst na/$ r$$rs to a na/$ or a ni+na/$ i'$n to a &$rson %#i# /ayonsist o on$ or /or$ na/$s in addition to t#$ /iddl$ and last na/$s.

No orr$tion /st in'ol'$ t#$ #an$ o a. nationalityH . a$H . statsHorH d. s$,.$ The remed% ma% onl% be availed of once &2''( Bar)*. P$tition /st $ '$rii$d. I t#$ &$tition$r #as /irat$d to anot#$r &la$ in t#$ ontry and it %old$ '$ry $,&$nsi'$ and i/&ratial to a&&$ar $or$ t#$ loal i'il r$istrar+$$&in t#$ do/$nts to $ orr$t$d or #an$d t#$n it an $ il$d* in&$rson* %it# t#$ loal i'il r$istrar o t#$ &la$ %#$r$ #$ is r$sidin ordo/iil$d. Cili&inos &r$s$ntly r$sidin or do/iil$d in or$in ontri$s %it# t#$n$ar$st P#ili&&in$

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Ass/in it old $ l$ally don$* it %as an i/&ro&$r r$/$dy $as$ t#$ &ro&$rr$/$dy %as ad/inistrati'$* t#at is* t#at &ro'id$d nd$r =A !094. It %as also il$d in t#$%ron '$n$ as t#$ &ro&$r '$n$ %as in t#$ Oi$ o t#$

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s$, r$assin/$nt* t#$ d$t$r/ination o a &$rsonFs s$, /ad$ at t#$ ti/$ o #is or #$r irt#*i not att$nd$d y $rror* is i//tal$.

"#il$ &$tition$r /ay #a'$ s$$d$d in alt$rin #is ody and a&&$aran$t#ro# t#$ int$r'$ntion o /od$rn sr$ry* no la% at#ori$s t#$ #an$ o $ntry as tos$, in t#$ i'il r$istry or t#at r$ason.

REP>4LIC "& t'e P-ILIPPINES vs. 6ENNIFER 4. CA,ANDA-AN-- ;

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r$asons add$d and t#$ ons$8$n$s t#at %ill ollo%. ar# -* 2010=$/o r$8$st$d t#$ @CA* &on a&&liation or t#$ r$n$%al o #$r &ass&ort* tor$'$rt to #$r /aid$n na/$ and srna/$ in t#$ r$&la$/$nt &ass&ort. T#$ @CA d$ni$d #$rr$8$st.

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