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Perspective Notes Perspective in art is used to provide the illusion of
depth in a two dimensional (2D) work of art.
There are several ways in which the illusion of depth are created Overlapping – Objects that are placed in front of each
other provide the viewer information about which is closer.
Relative size – The closer an object is to the viewer, the closer it appears
Atmospheric Perspective - As an object gets farther from the viewer, it: Becomes less in focus Has less intense color Has less of its original colors, and looks more blue (or in a
polluted city a brownish orange)
Space
Used to create a feeling of depth
Overlapping objects or people
Perspective Distant elements
appear lighter in value, have less details, and less intense colors.
Clues to Spatial Depth
Overlap
simplest way to create the illusion of space.
One form partially obscures another… so the blocked object is in back
.
Clues to Spatial Depth
Overlap
Maharana Amar Singh II-Prince Sangram Singh and Courtiers Watch the
Performance of an Acrobat and Musicians (c. 1705-08)
Overlapping• Objects that are placed
in front of each other provide the viewer information about which is closer.
• Notice that the pillars and overhead lights slowly begin to disappear behind each other as they go back into space
Clues to Spatial Depth
Size
Distant objects look smaller
The easiest way to show depth is to vary the size of objects, with closer objects being larger and more distant objects being smaller.
Relative Size The closer an object is to the viewer, the closer it appears
Note the difference in size between the first and last columns on the left side. As they get farther away the size of the columns gets smaller.
What else changes in size as it gets farther away?
Clues to Spatial Depth
Vertical Placement
objects higher on the page are farther back
objects lower on the page are “closer”
Clues to Spatial Depth
Relative Hue and Value
Saturation of color: Close objects are brightest and sharpest. Objects in the distance appear pale and washed out.
Clues to Spatial Depth
Relative Hue and Value
Hans Hofmann- Equipoise (1958)
Oil on canvas.
©Hans Hofmann estate.
Photo ©Elizabeth LaCour
• Warm vs. Cool
• Warm hues appear closer that cool hues
Atmospheric Perspective
creates the illusion of depth through such techniques as: texture gradients brightness gradients color saturation manipulation of warm and cool colors.
Clues to Spatial Depth
Atmospheric perspective
Lost of Color Distant ridges appear
hazier, blurry and less detailed than the closer ridges.
Objects in the distance may appear bluish.
Diminishing size and detail:
Foreground objects are larger and have more color and detail
Distant objects get smaller and have less color.
Clues to Spatial Depth
Atmospheric perspective
Use color and value contrasts to show depth.
Distant objects generally have less distinct contrast - they may fade into the background or become indistinct dark areas.
The foreground objects will be clear with sharper contrast.
Clues to Spatial Depth
Atmospheric perspective
4.48 BierstadtThe Rocky Mountains, Lander’s Peak
(1863)
4.49 Gongwang-Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains
(1530)
Atmospheric Perspective• As an object gets
farther from the viewer, it:– Becomes less in
focus– Has less intense
color– Has less of its
original colors, and looks more hazy blue (or in a polluted city a brownish orange)
Notice the air itself takes on a hazy blue appearance. This is what makes the colors
less intense and the focus less clear.