Perspective, Voice, Reference, and Warrant: A Sample of ...“the mind” “horses” “US Civil...

Perspective, Voice, Reference, and Warrant: A Sample of Ameliorations to the Multi-Perspective Design Requirement and Some Arguments Against It

The Call

Ontologies, classifications, and controlled vocabularies, are built to represent the knowledge of a specific domain and thus represent the particular entities and relationships of that domain from that community’s perspective. But, what if we want to represent many perspectives? What are the conceptual and technical issues of creating a relationship among ontologies that collect and represent multiple views and are often maintained by diverse constituencies? The goal for the workshop is to identify, define, and compile a set of principles and practices for integrating and coordinating knowledge-representation schemes from different perspectives and for application in a variety of contexts without losing the integrity or personality of the contributing schemes.

The Call

Ontologies, classifications, and controlled vocabularies, are built to represent the knowledge of a specific domain and thus represent the particular entities and relationships of that domain from that community’s perspective. But, what if we want to represent many perspectives? What are the conceptual and technical issues of creating a relationship among ontologies that collect and represent multiple views and are often maintained by diverse constituencies? The goal for the workshop is to identify, define, and compile a set of principles and practices for integrating and coordinating knowledge-representation schemes from different perspectives and for application in a variety of contexts without losing the integrity or personality of the contributing schemes.

Ameliorations and Issues

Ameliorations Devices Forms Constants Meaning and classification

Issues Feinberg’s authorial voice Hjørland philosophical grounding Considerations Perspective Voice Reference Warrant

Ranganathan’s Devices

1953 1967 Combined

Bias(EconomicsforMathema2cians)

Bias(sta2s2calanalysisforrailwayengineering)

Bias

Tool(Mathema2caleconomics) Tool

Influence(Influenceofmathema2csoneconomics)

Influencing(Influenceofgeographyonhistory)

Influence

Comparison(Economicsandmathema2cscompared)

Comparison(examplenotgiven)(biochemistrycomparedwithphysiologyinthe1965)

Comparison

GeneralRela2on(Rela2onofeconomicswithmathema2cs)

General(Generalrela2onbetweenpoli2calscienceandeconomics)

General

Difference(DifferencebetweenLemuroideaandAnthropodoidea)

Differences


1953 1967 Combined



Bias




Influence



Comparison



General


Differences

Perspec2ve(s)?

Langridge’s Forms

1 2 3 4 5

FormofKnowledge

Topics Specializa2ons FormsofThought

FormsofText

Langridge’s Forms

1 2 3 4 5

FormofKnowledge


FormsofText

Ameansofinquiry

Theobjectofinquiry

Intersec2onbetweentopicsandformsofknowledge

Intellectual-rhetoricalmanifesta2onoftheinquiry

Socio-technicalmanifesta2onoftheinquiry

PhilosophyNaturalScienceCri2cism

“themind”“horses”“USCivilWar”

Mathema2csMusicTheory

ViewpointMethodIntellectuallevelPrimarydocumentsSecondarydocumentsAudience

Mediumofcommunica2onStructureoftext

Langridge’s Forms

1 2 3 4 5

FormofKnowledge


FormsofText

Ameansofinquiry

Theobjectofinquiry









Langridge’s Forms

1 2 3 4 5

FormofKnowledge


FormsofText

Ameansofinquiry

Theobjectofinquiry









Langridge’s Forms

1 2 3 4 5

FormofKnowledge


FormsofText

Ameansofinquiry

Theobjectofinquiry









Perspec2veisrela2onal


1953 1967 Combined



Bias




Influence



Comparison



General


Differences

Perspec2ve(s)?


1953 1967 Combined



Bias




Influence



Comparison



General


Differences

Forms…

Meaning and Classification

DECIMAL CLASIFICATION

646

.OX

.OJ

.04

•OS

.06

.07

.08

.09

.091

.093

.1

,11

.13

.14

•IS

.16

•17

.18

.t8i

.182

.183

.184

.185

,186

.19

.2

.21

.24

.26

Clothing Toilet '

See also ethics of dress, display 177.4: ecclesiastic costume 247.7: clothing asrelated to economics of laboring classes 331.836; bleaching and dyeing 667.1-.3-academic costume 378.29; history of costume 391; clothesmaking 687; hygiene ofclothing 613.48: adulteration of textils 614.37; for uniforms and liveries secoccupations to which they pertain

Psychology and economics of fashionsReasons for change of fashions; expense of fashionable dressing

CompendsDictionaries, cyclopediasEssays, lectures, addressesPeriodicals

Societies Dress reform societies

Study and teachingPolygrafy

Adaptation to climate or seasonClothing for cold wether and frigid zones

" hot " " tropicsMaterials Textils and fibers

With reference to domestic use. or domestic use and hygiene combined. Forhygiene of materials see 613.481; for general works on textils and fibers see677 Manufacture of textils

CottonLinen Flax HempWool Mohair, alpaca, camel's hair, rabbit's hair, etc

Silk

Lether

FurOther animal materials: fethers, hair, whaleboneOther vegetable materialsRubberPaperCelluloid

.27

•3

-33

.34

•36

Straw Raffia

Other fibers: jute

Utner materials Tinsel, aluminum, asbestos, etc.

Sewing Knitting CrochetFor fancywork see 746

Plain sewingRunning, backstitching. hemming, overhanding. etc.

Mending DarningKnitting and crochet Tatting

For knitting as a business, whether done by hand or by machine see 677 661 •

for crocheting as a business see 677.662; for tatting as a business see 677663Crochet

Clothing divided by wearersClas here trade catalogs; e.g. Liliputian bazar catalog 646.36See also 391 Costume; 687 Clothesmaking as a trade

Clothing for menit women

children

HOME ECONOMICS

646.4

.42

.43

.45

.46

.47

.48

•54

55

.56

.57

.58

.6

Clothing divided by purpose ^^^^,^j, „,e of

Including directions to--^-'^^^l^'^^^^^^

of style to materia

nâterial. suitability of -at-^1 ^^ ^ .^^-,.,, ,, special kinds of garments

and purpose, choice of color. ^^^' J^ ^ ^j underwear 646.43

see subdivisions^^^^J'^^^tX^^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^^ ^ ^^"^^" '

'''

Subdivisions .42-. 48 may oe la

UnderwearOuter house garments

Gowns or dresses, coats, trousers, etc.

Outdoor garments,, .meters etc. See also 646.5 Hedgear.

Outer footwearFor hose see 6^6.42

garnitures, etc.

For outdoor hedgear see 646.5

Millinery Outdoor hedgear

See 687.4 Millinery as a business

Hats, caps, etc. for men

Hats and bonnets for women

Other outdoor hedgear for women

Hoods, scarfs, etc.

Dyeing

Bathing

647

Hedgear for children

For boys« girls

Cleaning Drycleaning

For laundry see 648.1

1 ToUet Cosmetics''

Care of hair, nails, teeth, etc.^^^^ ^^^^.^^^ ,,,3 ^ Qare of body

HouXoWôrraniTation and administration

X Household accounts ; finances, cost

See also bookkeeping 6s?

PersonnelIntelligence offis.

^^^^^^'^^''l^'^^^^^ts- for occasional employees see 647-9^

Clas here regular employees or^^^f^^''^^ ^^^^ pîîeai economy. 33i Labor

For ethical considerations, see i73.5.

and wages

Male employees

Female

^""^Races and nationalities: orientals, negroes, etc.

.2

.31

.2 2

.23

.24


647Household

Administra2on

647.1Accounts

647.2Personnel

647.21Manager

647.22Male

647.23Female

647.24Foren

1942DDC


647Household

Administra2on

647.1Accounts

647.2Personnel

647.21Manager

647.22Male

647.23Female

647.24Foren

ContextualSeman2cs

1942DDC


647Household

Administra2on

647.1Accounts

647.2Personnel

647.21Manager

647.22Male

647.23Female

647.24Foren

ContextualSeman2cs

1942DDC

Pragma2cs


647Household

Administra2on

647.1Accounts

647.2Personnel

647.21Manager

647.22Male

647.23Female

647.24Foren

1942DDC


647Household

Administra2on

647.1Accounts

647.2Personnel

647.21Manager

647.22Male

647.23Female

647.24Foren

1942DDC

Racesandna2onali2es:orientalandnegroes,etc.

Perspec2veisrela2onalReferenceisinternalandexternal

Rhetorical Stance

Rhetorical Stance

If we follow Feinberg, that we have an opportunity to act intentionally in the design of classification schemes and in so doing present a single argument for one way of representing the world, we are then denied the ability to make clear multiple perspectives.

We would have to somehow extend Feinberg’s design method to

accommodate some kind of polyphony. This is a move beyond phase relations, and would require a level of

sophistication that most classification schemes currently lack.

Rhetorical Stance

If we follow Feinberg, that we have an opportunity to act intentionally in the design of classification schemes and in so doing present a single argument for one way of representing the world, we are then denied the ability to make clear multiple perspectives.

We would have to somehow extend Feinberg’s design method to

accommodate some kind of polyphony. This is a move beyond phase relations, and would require a level of

sophistication that most classification schemes currently lack.

Perspec2veisrela2onalReferenceisinternalandexternalVoiceisunmarked

Philosophical Grounding


Though there are significant differences between Feinberg and Hjørland, they are both arguing for explicit stances in a way.

Hjørland claims that an explicit philosophical stance must be articulated by the classificationist. If this stance were, by its nature, open to representing multiple perspectives, then it seems we might, in a sophisticated structure, do that kind of representation.

This is problematic for some incommensurate philosophical stances though. For example indigenous and colonial epistemologies do not admit to easy cohabitation in a scheme for classification.

And, not unlike the Feinberg case, we would need more than we have currently as regards representation power.


Though there are significant differences between Feinberg and Hjørland, they are both arguing for explicit stances in a way.

Hjørland claims that an explicit philosophical stance must be articulated by the classificationist. If this stance were, by its nature, open to representing multiple perspectives, then it seems we might, in a sophisticated structure, do that kind of representation.

This is problematic for some incommensurate philosophical stances though. For example indigenous and colonial epistemologies do not admit to easy cohabitation in a scheme for classification.

And, not unlike the Feinberg case, we would need more than we have currently as regards representation power.

Perspec2veisrela2onalReferenceisinternalandexternalVoiceisunmarkedWarrantisperhapssingular

Conclusion

Conclusion

While on the surface the representation of multiple perspectives in a single classification scheme might be accommodated by phase relationships and calling out viewpoints in the process of subject analysis, there are competing design requirements that seek to discipline the classification to a single perspective. The other challenge is in the poverty of the current representation systems.

Perhaps by explicitly outlining these issues, guided by the four considerations surfaced in this talk, we can craft new design requirements and innovate in our structural representation of subjects to accommodate multiple perspectives.


References

Feinberg, M. (2010). Two kinds of evidence: how information systems form rhetorical arguments. In Journal of Documentation 66(4): 491-512.

Feinberg, M. (2012). Compiler to Author: A Process for Designing Rhetorically Aware Document Collections. In Journal of the

American Society for Information Science and Technology 62(9): 1784-1796. Hjørland, B. (2013). Theories of knowledge organization – theories of knowledge. 13th Meeting of the German ISKO. Potsdam. Langridge, D. W. 1989, Subject Analysis: Principles and Procedures, Bowker-Saur. Ranganathan, S. R. (1953). Depth Classification and Reference Service and Reference Material. Indian Library Association

English Series #6. Indian Library Association: Delhi. Ranganathan, S. R. (1963). Documentation and its Facets: Being a Symposium of Seventy Papers by Thirty-two Authors. Sarada

Ranganathan Endowment for Library Science Series #10. Asia Publishing House. Ranganathan, S. R. (1967). Prolegomena to Library Classification. 3rd Ed. Asia Publishing House: Bombay.


Thank you!

[email protected] Google scholar: jt tennis

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