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Perspectives of the

Stationary Battery Storage Market

in Germany and its Relation to EV batteries

World of Energy Solutions, Stuttgart, October 10, 2016

Jürgen Garche

FCBAT Ulm and Ulm University (Germany)

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Outline

- Storage Applications

- Storage Technologies

- Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)

- Battery Technologies

- Local Storage (PV), Distributed Storage

- Synergies between Batteries for BESS and EV

- Outlook

FCBAT Source: Exide

Main Electricity Energy Storage Applications – On-Grid

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Windstill: Minus 540 GWh in 10 days

Ø

Example for Renewable Smoothing

FCBAT Source: Exide

Main Electricity Energy Storage Applications – On-GridStorage Classes: Central, Distributed, Local Storage

Central storage

GW, GWh

Distributed storage

MW, MWh

Central storage

GW, GWh

Distributed storage

MW, MWh

Local storage

kW, kWh

Distributed storage

MW, MWh

Local storage

kW, kWh

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Local Distributed Central

Storage Storage Storage

Which Storage Technologies ?

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Local Distributed Central

Storage Storage Storage

Pumped Hydro Storage

Pumped Hydro Storage

State-of-the-art

η ≈ 80 %

Germany (2015) total 36 GWh

Windstill: 540 GWh

Low growth potential

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Local Distributed Central

Storage Storage Storage

Power-to-Gas Technologies

Power-to-Gas

Under development

η ≤ 60 %

power: renewable energy

converter: electrolyser

gas: H2, methane

storage: NG-pipeline

Germany: 200 TWh

Source: DENA

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Local Distributed Central

Storage Storage Storage

Which Storage Technologies ?

Raw materials and production capacity are limited,

Worldwide Lead-Acid Battery Production (2015): 360 GWh

Windstill Minus: 540 GWh

Why not Batteries?

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Local Distributed Central

Storage Storage Storage

Storage Technologies

Batteries

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Which Battery for

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)?

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Redox-Flow

Which Battery for BESS?

- Lead-Acid- Na-S, Na-NiCl2 (HT-S)- Redox-Flow

- Li-Ion

Specific costs

(€/kWhthroughput)

Parameter screen

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Battery System Overview

Source: ZSW

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Battery System Overview

Source: ZSW

Distributed

& local storage

Distributed

& local storage

Distributed

storage

Distributed

storage

„Easy“ systems Complex systems

FCBAT Source: Exide

Applications

Central storage

GW, GWh

Disributed storage

MW, MWh

Central storage

GW, GWh

Disributed storage

MW, MWh

Local storage

kW, kWh

Disributed storage

MW, MWh

Local storage

kW, kWh

LAB, Na-HT, Redox, LIB LAB, Na-HT, Redox, LIB

LAB, LIB

600 MW

LAB, LIB, Na-HT, Redox

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Motivation for Self-Consumption of PV-Energy in Germany

Cost benefit by

Self-Consumption

Feed-in tarif

Electricity rate

BUT

- No return-of-investment

promises

- Green Image

- Life-Style Product

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PV-Battery Systems

Source: DU Sauer et al., 15 ELBC – Pre Conference Seminar Valletta (M), 13.09.2016

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Price Development for PV-Battery Home Systems

Price per

usuable capacity:

Battery + Power

Conditioning System

+ Installation + VAT

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Battery Trend in PV-Battery Home Systems

Source: DU Sauer et al., 15 ELBC – Pre Conference Seminar Valletta (M), 13.09.2016

Life-Style Product

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PV-Battery Storage – Lifestyle Product

Source: Intersolar 2014 / 2015; DU Sauer – Potsdam 2016:

FCBAT Source: Exide

Applications

Central storage

GW, GWh

Disributed storage

MW, MWh

Central storage

GW, GWh

Disributed storage

MW, MWh

Local storage

kW, kWh

Disributed storage

MW, MWh

Local storage

kW, kWh

LAB, Na-HT, Redox, LIB LAB, Na-HT, Redox, LIB

LAB, Na-HT, Redox, LIBLAB, LIB

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NaS

LAB

LIB + VRF

LIB + VRF

LIB + LAB

LIB

LIB

LIB

LIB

LIB

LIB

LIB

LIB

LIB

Battery Primary control allowspartially switch-off conventionalpower plants during high renewable power generation

Distributed Energy Storage > 1 MW in Germany

State: 01 April 2016

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Battery Primary control allows partially

switch-off of conventional power plants

during high renewable power generation

Distributed Energy Storage > 1 MW in Germany

Germany - 600 MW

Europe - 3,000 MW

Main Battery: Li-Ion

Main Application: Primar Control(works on the verge of profitability)

Approximated Costs: 1 mill. EUR/MWh

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M5 BAT Project

Aachen

Li-Ion LiMn2O4 - cathode

Li-Ion LiFePO4 - cathode

Li-Ion Li4Ti5O12 – anode

Lead-Acid with armored plates closed

Lead-Acid with armored plates sealed

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Redox-Flow

Which Battery for EVs?

- Li-Ion- Ni-MH (for HEV)

• Gravimetric and

volumetric energy

• Costs

Parameter screen

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BESS

Lead-Acid

Na-S, Na-NiCl2

Redox-Flow

Li-Ion

EV

Li-Ion

Ni-MH (only HEV)

Selected Systems

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BESS

Where are Synergies between

BESS and EV Li-Ion Batteries (LIB)?

EV

Selected LIBsNMC, NCA,

LMO, LFP,

No LTO

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BESS

Where are Synergies between

BESS and EV Li-Ion Batteries (LIB)?

EV

1 – Higher Production Volume => Economy of Scale

Car Manufacturers are new players

Selected LIBsNMC, NCA,

LMO, LFP,

No LTO

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BESS

Where are Synergies between

BESS and EV Li-Ion Batteries (LIB)?

EV

1 – Higher Production Volume => Reduced Costs

2 – Second Life of used EV batteries Problem: Rest lifetime

EV Battery end-of-life: 80 % of rated capacity

=> Further use in BESS

Cost „80 % battery“ ≈ 50 % cost of new battery

Refurnishment cost: 120 – 15 €/kWh

Studie: Second Life Konzepte für Li-Ionen-Batterien aus Elektrofahrzeugen, Schaufenster Elektromobilität 12. Oktober 2015

Selected LIBsNMC, NCA,

LMO, LFP,

No LTO

FCBAT Source: Deutsche Accumotive

Examples for Second Use Battery Applications

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Second Life Li-Ion BESS – 2 MW/2.8 MWh

Hamburg; Vattenfall, BMW, and Bosch

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BESS

Where are Synergies between

BESS and EV Li-Ion Batteries (LIB)?

EV

1 – Higher Production Volume => Reduced Costs

2 – Second Life of used EV batteries

3 – Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G)

Mainly for „power storage“

EV-battery discharge down to 66 % SOC

EV owner receives revenues for peak power

Problem could be lifetime of battery

Selected LIBsNMC, NCA,

LMO, LFP,

No LTO

EV Supply Equipment

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BESS Market Development

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Source: Ch. Pillot, AVICENNE Energy,, 2016 Source: NAVIGANT RESEARCH, 2014

BESS Forecast – Two Sources

LIB

Normal Optimistic

Flow

LAB

HT

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Different Battery Technologies (World)

Rea

lity

Ex

pec

ted

~33 %

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Different Battery Technologies - Reality

BESS – general BESS – PV

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Energy Storage – Off-Grid ApplicationsM

ill.

Peo

ple

Source: IEA, World Energy Outlook 2011

People without access to electricity

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Energy Storage – Off-Grid ApplicationsM

ill.

Peo

ple

Source: IEA, World Energy Outlook 2011

People without access to electricity

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BESS are the best option for distributed and local storage

For BESS are the specific costs the most important parameter

For distributed BESS suitable battery technologies are LAB, Na-High Temperature,

Redox-Flow and LIB

For local BESS (PV) are suitable battery technologies are LAB and LIB

LIBs have, however, the strongest growth and will dominate the market

For EV batteries are gravimetric and volumetric energy and costs important

There are synergies between batteries for BESSs and EVs:

Economy of Scale, Second Use, and Vehicle to Grid

The BESS market will be about 16 GWh in 2025

Off-Grid BESS development is very important

BESS Outlook

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction – Renewable energies, markets and storage

technology classification

Storage Technologies

7. Overview about non-electrochemical storage technologies

8. Hydrogen production from renewable energies – electrolyser

technologies

9. Hydrogen storage technologies

10. Hydrogen conversion into electricity and thermal use

11. Reversible fuel cell

12. Energy carriers made from hydrogen

13. Lead–Acid Battery Energy Storage

14. Nickel–cadmium Battery Energy Storage

15. Sodium High Temperature Batteries Energy Storage

16. Lithium-ion Battery Energy Storage

17. Redox Flow Battery Energy Storage

18. Metal storage / Metal air (Zn, Al, Mg, Li)

19. Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors

System Aspects

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Ulm (Germany)

Thank you for your attention!

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Back-up Slides

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Renewable Excess Energy per Year

42

0

1000

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Source: Dirk Uwe Sauer – RWTH, 12.09.2016, Potsdam

Share of volatile renewables Share of volatile renewables

Tim

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Investment Costs – Li-Ion EV Batteries

150 $/kWh

Break even

Source: B. Nykvist, M. Nilson, Nature Climate Change (2015) 5, 329–332; doi:10.1038/nclimate2564

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Back-up

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Share of Renewable Energies

of Electricity Generation – Germany

Grid-connected storage

be essential at > 50 % RE

2015

RE: 30.1 %, 196 TWh

Hydro 10 %

Volatile Solar 20 %

Bio 25 %

Volatile Wind 45 %

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Beispiel STEAG-Order

90 MW Regelleistung

Bauzeit: Beauftragung Herbst 2015, Inbetriebnahme Anfang 2017

Kosten (Schlüsselfertig): ca. 100 Millionen Euro

Bei Einnahmen von 170.000 €/MW/Jahr und Kosten von 100 Mill. Euro / 90MW

Wirtschaftlich bei < 8,6% jährliche Kosten (Kapital + Operation&Maintenance)

bei 10 Jahren Abschreibung

Gesamtmarkt in Deutschland etwa 600 MW

Primärregelleistung – Wirtschaftlichkeit

12.09.2016

46

Dirk Uwe Sauer - Potsdam

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Cumulated Marketpotential until 2030

batteries

PH+CAES : Batteries 284:144 GW, 2483:412 GWh

Power Energy

Source: BCG-Study, 2011

PH

CAES

Na-S

RF

Li

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PV-Battery Systems Size in Germany

Source: DU Sauer et al., 15 ELBC – Pre Conference Seminar Valletta (M), 13.09.2016

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Manufacturers of PV-Battery Home Systems

Source: DU Sauer et al., 15 ELBC – Pre Conference Seminar Valletta (M), 13.09.2016

FCBAT DU Sauer – Potsdam 2016

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