Perspectives on Polish involvement development of … · involvement in development of nuclear...

Perspectives on Polish involvement in development of

nuclear cogeneration

Anna Przybyszewska

National Centre for Nuclear Research in PolandNuclear Energy Division

Technical Meeting on Advances in Non‐Electric Applicationsof Nuclear Energy and on Efficiency Improvement at Nuclear Power Plants

25‐28 August 2015, IAEA Vienna

National Centre for Nuclear ResearchNuclear Energy Division

Primary Energy Consumption

25‐28 August 2015 Technical Meeting on Advances in Non‐Electric Applicationsof Nuclear Energy and on Efficiency Improvement at Nuclear Power Plants 2

solid fossil fuels17.6%

crude oil & petroleum products34.1%

gas23.5%

nuclear heat13.7%

renewable energies11.1%

non‐renewable wastes0.0%

European Union

solid fossil fuels51.8%

crude oil & petroleum products25.4%

gas13.9%

renewable energies8.8%

Poland

Source: Eurostat


Primary energy production in 2014


Source: www.stat.gov.pl


Energy transformations in 2013


Source: www.stat.gov.pl


District Heating Market

• In Poland exists about 500 thermal stations to provide hot water, district heating (and electricity)

• About 9000 heat sources have power (52% all generation) 5‐50 MWt



Advantages of cogeneration

• Cogeneration can reduce the consumption of fossil fuels• Cogeneration can help minimaize CO2 emmissions


VS.


Potential of Differend Reactor Types


Site types:• 6 chemical plants• 6 refineries• 2 power production/distribution companies

• 1 paper factory

Potential sites in PolandTypes & locations


M.Gadecka, Researchesfor HTR‐PL & NC2IR


Potential applications in Poland


Near‐term coupling scheme with Steam Generator (SG)

Source: C. Angulo etal. EUROPAIRS: The European project on coupling of High Temperature Reactors with industrial processes,Nuclear Engineering and Design, Vol.251, 2012, p.30‐37, ISSN 0029‐5493




Schematic of steam gasification of hard coal with nuclear processes heat

plant

Concept of steam gasification of coal usingnuclear heat

Source: Xing L. Yan, Ryutaro Hino, Nuclear Hydrogen Production Handbook,CRC Press, 2011, ISBN 1439810842




Diagram of HTGR steam reforming system

Helium Gas

Source: Xing L. Yan, Ryutaro Hino, Nuclear Hydrogen Production Handbook,CRC Press, 2011, ISBN 1439810842


HTR‐PL programme• 12 partners, Led by AGH, Kraków• Funded by Polish Government, budgetca. 1.2 M€

• Duration: 2.5 years from sept. 2012• Aim #1: Feasibility study of constructingindustrial HTR in Poland.

• Aim #2: Improving our knowledge on HTGRs– Thermal – hydraulic calculations– Neutronic calculations– Pebble bed movement simulations– Licensing process review



Pebble bed reactor

HTR core reactor model gradually filled with an fuel pebbles.



Tempretarue distrubution in the HTR cavity

Performing a CFD analysis

Mesh for CFD analysis of the pebble bed


Mean velocity through the domain


Atomic Law in Poland

Review of national legislation in terms of the obstacles for the construction of high‐temperature reactor cogeneration applications.

Provides a unified system to ensure nuclear safety and radiological protection of workers and the general population in Poland.Important provisions concern:

• issuing permits for activities involving exposure to ionizing radiation,• managers responsibilities of organizations operating with the use of

radiation,• President of the NAEA powers to control and supervision over those

activities.



Three pillars of the SNETP vision



NC2I‐R programme

• Abbreviation for: Nuclear CogenerationIndustrial Initiative ‐ Research

• An answer for Euratom call asking for creationof pan‐european initiative on nuclearco‐generation.

• 21 participants• 2,7 M€, 2013‐15• NCBJ is the leader



Strategic objective of NC2I‐R• Identify clearly the status of Europe’s public and private R&D infrastructures and

competences.• Define the safety requirements to prepare for the future licensing process for a

cogeneration demonstrator and limit the associated risk.• Define clear and consensual specifications for the demonstrator, ensuring its

economic viability, its market fit, its future replicability and its safety, in particularfor the coupling scheme, and limiting all construction project risks.

• Managing the knowledge from past projects on HTR and nuclear cogeneration witha comprehensive experience feedback in order to identify potential points ofattention and success factors.

• Prepare a joint roadmap paving the way for today’s European R&D capacitiestowards the commissioning of the specified demonstrator and identify potentialgaps.

• Prepare for and organise the cooperation with non‐European similar programmes topossibly share the demonstrator risk in line with the European interest and tosecure EU’s leadership position in the global competition for HTR.

• Prepare a smooth and inclusive governance for the future of NC2I, engaging allstakeholders including civil society.





Cooperation with U.S.A.• In the United States, a large R&D programme on HTGR technology called the Next

Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP).• Collaboration between NC2I and the NGNP Industry Alliance was initiated in 2011

with a first bilateral preparatory workshop, and has recently gained momentum,with two workshops in 2014 which led to the signature of a Memorandum ofUnderstanding (MoU, June 2014) establishing the cooperation framework andintroducing a joint initiative called GEMINI.

• The GEMINI Initiative calls for a simple, transparent, accountable and strongagreement between the U.S. and EU partners to work with their governmentsunder an international agreement framework to carry out the design andregulatory work for the HTGR demonstrator.



Wake up for industry

• Poland’s power grid cut electricity suppliesfor industrial users for the first time in almostthree decades because of heatwave.

• There is “no reason to panic” but about 1600companies faced cuts in electricity supplies.


For the next years is predicted more restricted emission CO2, SOx and NOxfrom industry as well as some cut electricity supply for industrial users about2020.


Conclusion


In Poland is a huge market to deployment nuclearcogeneration also for „plug‐in” application.Most of potential "public end‐users" need SMR‐sizedsource to provide heat for district heating and hotwater.Now Poland is not prepared to construction any SMRfor industrial use, but after 2035 could be excellentplace to deployment this technology.Recently situation could accelerate adaptation SMR inindustry.

Thank You

National Centre for Nuclear Research

Nuclear Energy Division

www.ncbj.gov.pl

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