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Persuasion
• Rhetoric is the study of effective speaking and writing and the art of persuasion.
P.A.T.T.R.Rhetorical Analysis
What is PATTR?
• PATTR is a strategy used to analyze and identify persuasion within writing. Students should memorize this acronym to help with understanding rhetorical devices used within any writing.
PATTR stands for
• P-Purpose• A-Audience• T-Theme• T-Tone• R-Rhetorical Devices
P-Purpose
• Aristotelian Appeals: Persuasion, according to Aristotle and the many authorities that would echo him, is brought about through three kinds of proof (pistis) or persuasive appeal:
• Pathos- Emotional appeal• Logos- Logical appeal• Ethos- Ethical appeal• Question: What appeals did the author use persuade the
audience?
P-Purpose
• Logos• Appeals to the head using logic, numbers, explanations,
and facts. Through Logos, a writer aims at a person's intellect. The idea is that if you are logical, you will understand.
• Example- Wilkins is unqualified, because she does not meet the age requirement.
P-Purpose
• Ethos• Appeals to the conscience, ethics, morals, standards,
values, principles. • Example- Wilkins is best, because she is the most honest
and caring.
P-Purpose
• Pathos• Appeals to the heart, emotions, sympathy, passions,
sentimentality. • Example- Wilkins is best, because she has overcome
hardship.
A-Audience
• Question- Who is the speaker addressing?
T-Theme
• Question 1- What is the message the speaker is presenting to the audience? Question 2- What does the speaker have to say about the message?
T-Tone
• Question- What are the details that contribute to the tone of the writing? (diction, word choice, syntax, etc.)
R-Rhetorical devices
• Question- What are the rhetorical devices that were used? (rhetorical questions, call to action, etc.)
R-Rhetorical devices
• Juxtaposition is a poetic and rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another, creating an effect of surprise and wit: The apparition of these faces in the crowd:/Petals on a wet, black bought (“In a Station of the Metro” by Ezra Pound).
R-Rhetorical devices
• Parallel structure (parallelism) refers to a grammatical or structural similarity between sentences or parts of a sentence. It involves an arrangement of words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs so that elements of equal importance are equally developed and similarly phrased: He was walking, running, and jumping for joy.
R-Rhetorical devices
• Repetition is a device in which words, sounds, and ideas are used more than once for the purpose of enhancing rhythm and creating emphasis: . . . government of the people, by the people for the people . . .
R-Rhetorical devices
• Anecdotes, Stories, Metaphors
These cast an issue in a favorable or unfavorable light, or can highlight or suppress certain aspects. They work by suggesting a likeness between a character and the listener, or a situation and the listener's. What is emphasized or suppressed is key.
R-Rhetorical devices
• A rhetorical question is a question which expects no answer. It is used to draw attention to a point and is generally stronger than a direct statement: If Mr. Ferchoff is always fair, as you have said, why did he refuse to listen to Mrs. Baldwin’s arguments?
PreAP ASSIGNMENT
DUE DATE: March 23rd
• Read the following speeches:
1.http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jessicalynchopeningstatement.htm
2.http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/nelsonmandelainauguralspeech.htm
3.http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/philknightjoepaternomemorial.htm- Choose one to analyze. Use your PATTR analysis sheet.- Be able to discuss each of the speeches. TOPIC: Qualities of a Hero