BE THE TEACHER For this unit, students will become the teachers
as we complete a jigsaw teach of Persuasive Writing. You will work
within your groups to analyze a specific part of the unit. Then,
decide how to best teach the other class members so that they have
a good understanding of that section. You are responsible for their
learning, so make sure you understand it too!
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BE THE TEACHER I have included some Teaching Thoughts. These
are the kinds of things that teachers think about when planning a
lesson. As you are analyzing your part of the unit, use these
Teaching Thoughts to develop your own lesson so that your students
will understand. Use the white poster paper to define new
vocabulary, list key points, or draw visual aids. Remember to
paraphrase the material so your students can easily read it! I also
can provide you with some graphic organizers to help you plan your
lesson.
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Group 1 New Vocabulary claim, argument, viewpoint
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CLAIM The writers position on a problem or an issue. For
example, a dog lovers claim may be that dogs should be allowed in
stores in North Richland Hills. The writer may make more than one
claim in a text, but usually focuses on supporting ONE claim.
Teaching Thought: What does this mean to you? What is an example of
a claim you could make?
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ARGUMENT Speaking or writing that expresses a position on a
problem and supports it with reasons and evidence Teaching Thought:
Have you ever felt strongly about something, while a friend or
family member felt the opposite way? How did you convince that
person to see things your way?
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VIEWPOINT The authors attitude toward an issue Teaching
Thought: Think about the issue of allowing dogs in stores. What do
you think the viewpoint of dog owners would be? What about the
viewpoint of those who are allergic to dogs?
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VOCABULARY claim, viewpoint, argument Teaching Thought: Look at
the ads in these magazines. What is the advertisers claim? How do
they argue their claim? What is the advertisers viewpoint? Tear out
ads that help support your teaching.
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Group 2 New Vocabulary proposition, support
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PROPOSITION An important idea, opinion or viewpoint. Basically,
a proposition is a statement that expresses someones opinion or a
change that person would like to see. Lets say that a dog owner
believes dogs should be allowed in all shops in North Richland
Hills. He may write a statement that says dogs should be allowed in
NRH stores, and mail it to the mayor.
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PROPOSITION A proposition is a statement. For example: Because
dogs are awesome, dog owners should be allowed to bring their pets
to North Richland Hills stores. Teaching Thought: What are some
changes others might propose about a social issue such as smoking,
recycling, school issues, etc. How would you write a proposition
about a change you would like to see?
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SUPPORT Information that helps to prove a claim. Support
includes reasons and evidence. Writers typically give support for
or against an issue. Support includes things like facts, examples,
statistics, phrases like Studies show and expert opinions. Teaching
Thought: What are some reasons people against allowing dog owners
might give to support their claim? Where might they find evidence
to back their claim?
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VOCABULARY proposition, support Teaching Thought: Look at the
magazine ads. Does the author/advertiser make a proposition? How do
they give support for their proposition? Tear out ads that help
support your teaching.
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Group 3 Persuasive Writing
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PERSUASION The art of swaying others feelings, beliefs or
actions. Persuasion convinces people to: Believe something or act a
certain way Agree with a point of view Buy a certain product (think
advertising!) PERSUASIVE TEXT Text written with the intent to
persuade or convince the reader of something.
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PERSUASIVE TEXT The writer of a persuasive essay presents his
or her viewpoint on an issue while trying to persuade the reader to
agree with that view. The writer supports his or her view with
sound reasoning, detailed and relevant evidence, and consideration
of alternatives.
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PERSUASIVE TEXT Sound reasoning = using facts and evidence to
come to a conclusion about something Detailed, relevant information
= using documents, statistics, facts, or other hard evidence to
support the claim Consideration of alternatives = Seeing both sides
to an argument
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PERSUASIVE TEXT To avoid being easily swayed by weak argument,
a reader should note the use of vague or unclear language,
irrelevant examples, and faulty reasoning used by the author.
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PERSUASIVE TEXT Teaching Thoughts: What characteristics of a
persuasive essay make it different from other types of writing? How
can readers avoid being swayed by a weak argument? How can readers
decide between a weak argument and a valid one?
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Group 4 Persuasive Techniques
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PERSUASIVE TECHNIQUES Devices that can convince you to adopt a
position or take an action. Persuasive writers appeal in certain
ways to the hearts and minds of their readers: Logical appeal
Emotional appeal Appeals to authority Personal experience
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LOGICAL APPEAL A way of writing or speaking that relies on
facts and logic Teaching Thoughts: Do you think appealing to
peoples emotions is a good way to persuade someone? Why? What other
examples of emotional appeal have you seen?
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LOGICAL APPEAL Can you tell the difference between logical
appeal and emotional appeal?
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LOGICAL APPEAL
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EMOTIONAL APPEAL Uses strong feelings, rather than facts or
evidence, to persuade Teaching Thoughts: Do you appealing to
peoples emotions is a good way to persuade someone? Why? What other
examples of emotional appeal have you seen?
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APPEALS TO AUTHORITY Tries to persuade the reader on the basis
of the authors expertise Teaching Thoughts: How can a dentist sell
toothpaste? How can a celebrity sell skincream? Do you think this
type of persuasion is effective? Why? What other examples of
appeals to authority have you seen?
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APPEALS TO AUTHORITY
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LOADED LANGUAGE Relies on words with strongly positive or
negative associations
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POSITIVE WORDS Brings to mind something exciting, comforting,
or desirable. Call up unpleasant images, experiences, and feelings
NEGATIVE WORDS LOADED LANGUAGE
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Can you find the loaded language in these ads?
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Group 5 Public Service Announcements versus Propaganda
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PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT (PSA) Non-commercial media or print
advertisement that seeks to generate public awareness of a social
issue, such as safety, health or education
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PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT (PSA) To summarize PSAs are created
to generate public awareness of a social issue.
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PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT
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PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT (PSA) Teaching Thoughts Can you
recall any PSAs that you have seen? What are some social issues you
can think of that the public should be made aware of? Why do you
think PSAs are even necessary? Shouldnt people just be learning
about these issues on their own?
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PROPAGANDA Any form of communication that is so distorted that
it conveys false or misleading information to advance a specific
belief or cause
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PROPAGANDA
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PROPAGANDA Persuasion is the art of leading others to accept a
certain idea or take a specific action by appealing to both the
mind and emotions of the reader. When persuasion becomes extremely
one-sided or unreasonable, it becomes propaganda. Propaganda may
include bandwagon appeal, stereotypes, celebrity endorsements and
name-calling.
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PROPAGANDA Bandwagon: Tells readers, Everybody else is doing
it, and so should you!
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PROPAGANDA Stereotypes: A widely held, oversimplified idea or
image about a particular type of person or thing
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PROPAGANDA Celebrity endorsements: When a well-known person
uses his/her fame to sell a product
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PROPAGANDA Name-calling: The use of abusive language to take
support away from the competitors product or claim
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PROPAGANDA & PSAs Teaching Thoughts: What is the difference
between propaganda and PSAs? Why would name-calling and stereotypes
be considered propaganda? Why would a celebrity endorsement be
considered propaganda?
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Group 6 Faulty Reasoning
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FAULTY REASONING Claim based on information that is incorrect,
biased or doesnt make sense Include hasty generalization,
overgeneralization, circular reasoning or false cause.
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FAULTY REASONING This wrong way of thinking (or trying to
persuade others) is often based on: Exaggerated statements (a
statement that overstates or represents more than whats true
Misleading statements (a statement that falsely informs the
reader)
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FAULTY REASONING Since advertisements are intended to generate
sales, a reader cannot assume that all the information presented is
trustworthy. When examining an advertisement, look for logic or
correct reasoning backed by reasons and evidence.
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FAULTY REASONING Overgeneralization: Statements that are so
general that they oversimplify reality
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FAULTY REASONING: Hasty generalization jumping to
conclusions
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FAULTY REASONING: circularreasoning When the writer tries to
begin with what they are trying to end with.
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FAULTY REASONING: false cause: misleading info
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FAULTY REASONING Teaching Thoughts: Have you ever seen any ads
or commercials that seemed just wrong? What did you notice about
those commercials? Why is it important to differentiate between
logic and faulty reasoning when reading an advertisement?
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GROUP ACTIVITY You will make a claim about the environment,
negative or positive. 1. On your index card, write your appeal and
the names of those in your group. 2. Collaborate with your group to
take a position on a specific environmental issue. On the index
card, write a sentence stating your claim. 3. Use persuasive
techniques to support your claim. Your support must be based on
your assigned appeal! (emotional, association, loaded
language).
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Debrief questions 1. How does an author craft an effective
argument? 2. How does a reader avoid being easily swayed by a weak
argument? 3. How do authors use persuasive techniques to make an
argument for or against an issue? 4. Why is it important for a
reader to read multiple sources on the same topic? Writing
response: To avoid being easily swayed by weak argument a reader
should note the use of vague or unclear language, irrelevant
examples, and faulty reasoning used by the author.