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PHP, HTML, STATE

Achmad Arwan, S.Kom

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PHP( PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor)

A programming language devised by Rasmus Lerdorf in1994 for building dynamic, interactiveWeb sites.

Cross-platform:

Most PHP code can be processed without alteration on

computers running many different operating systems.

For example, a PHP script that runs on Linux generally

also runs well on Windows.

HTML-embedded:

PHP code can be written in files containing a mixture ofPHP instructions and HTML code.

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PHP( PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor)

Server-side:

The PHP programs are run on a serverspecifically aWeb server.

Web-scripting language:

PHP programs run via a Web browser.

Case Sensitive

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System requirem entTo run php code you will need at least the following software:

1. Server software (an operating system such as Windows 7or Linux)

2. A PHP-compatible Web server (such as Apache orInternet Information Server (IIS)

3. PHP5 (get the download from www.php.net)

4. A relational database system (we use SQLite or MySQL)

5. A Web browser (such as IE, Mozilla, and so on)

6. A text editor, such as Notepad, Emacs, vi, BBEdit, and soon.

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Hello.php

PHP Test

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Variables

Issues concerning creating variables:

1. Naming

2. Data type

3. Scop

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Naming Variables

1. Variable names begin with a dollar sign ($).

2. The first character after the dollar sign must bea letter or an underscore.

3. The remaining characters in the name may beletters, numbers, or underscores without afixed limit

example

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PHP Data TypesData type Description

Boolean Scalar; either True or False

Integer Scalar; a whole number

Float Scalar; a number which may have adecimal place

String Scalar; a series of characters

Array Compound; an ordered map (containsnames mapped to values)

Object Compound; a type that may containproperties and methods

Resource Special; contains a reference to anexternal resource, such as a handler toan open file

NULL Special; may only contain NULL as avalue, meaning the variable; explicitlydoes not contain any value

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Operators

Operator NameDescription

Example Result

x + y AdditionSum of xand y

2 + 2 4

x - y SubtractionDifferenceof x and y

5 - 2 3

x * yMultiplication

Product ofx and y

5 * 2 10

x / y DivisionQuotient ofx and y

15 / 5 3

x % y Modulus

Remainder

of x dividedby y

5 % 2

10 % 810 % 2

1

20

- x NegationOpposite ofx

- 2

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Operators

http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_operators.asp

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Variable Scope

Local Scope

Any Variable used inside function

Global Scope

Any variable outside function

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Super Global arraysArray Description

$GLOBALS Has a reference to every variable that has global scope in aPHP program. Many of the variables in it are also in othersuperglobal arrays

$_SERVER Includes everything sent by server in the HTTP response,such as the name of the currently executing script, servername, version of HTTP, remote IP address, and so on.Although most Web server software produces the sameserver variables, not all do, and not all server variablesnecessarily have data in them

$_GET Contains all the querystring variables that were attached tothe URL, or produced as a result of using the GET method

$_POST Contains all the submitted form variables and their data.You use variables from the $_POST or $_REQUEST arraysextensively in most of your PHP programs. For example, tomake use of a username or password (or any other data)submitted as part of a form, you'll use PHP variables fromthe $_REQUEST array

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Super Global arrays

Array Description

$_COOKIE Contains all cookies sent to the server by the browser. Theyare turned into variables you can read from this array, andyou can write cookies to the user's browser using thesetcookie() function. Cookies provide a means of identifyinga user across page requests (or beyond, depending uponwhen the cookie expires) and are often used automaticallyin session handling

$_FILES Contains any items uploaded to the server when the POSTmethod is used. It's different from the $_POST arraybecause it specifically contains items uploaded (such as anuploaded image file), not the contents of submitted formfields

$_ENV Contains data about the environment the server and PHP

are operating in, such as the computer name, operatingsystem, and system drive

$_REQUEST Contains the contents of the $_GET, $_POST, and$COOKIE arrays, all in one

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Query String Sometime, you could write a PHP program that

generates a query string attached to a URL using codesuch as this (assuming you had the $first_name and$last_name variables already set):

Ex:

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Attributs Forms Elements

Action Attribute Tells to server which page to go to

...

Method Attribute The method attribute controls the way that information is

sent to the server.

or

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Get Value

Browser automatically appends theinformation to the URL when it sends thepage request to the web server

Ex

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URL EncodingCharacter URL Encoding

Tab %09

Space %20

! %21

" %22

# %23

% %25

& %26

( %28

) %29

+ %2B

, %2C

. %2E

/ %2F

: %3A

; %3B

%3E

= %3D

? %3F

@ %40

\ %5C

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Post Value

Information in the form is sent inthe body of http request anddoesnt appear in the url

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HTML Form Fields

Text Fields

Password Field

Radio Buttons

Checkboxes

Submit Button

Hidden fields

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Consept of State

How to keep login on facebookwhile you browse your friendsprofiles

How to keep your shopping cartwhile you browse your favoritegoods

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COOKIES

A cookie is a small file that theserver embeds on the user'scomputer.

A cookie is often used to identify auser.

Web sites can usually only modifytheir own cookies.

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COOKIES

Set cookies setcookie(name, value, expire, path, domain);

Retrieve cookies $_COOKIE[name cookie"];

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SESSIONS

With Session user allowed to storeinformation on the server for lateruse (i.e username, shopping item).

Session information is temporaryand will be deleted after the userhas left the website.

Sessions work by creating a uniqueid (UID) for each visitor and storevariables based on this UID.

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SESSIONS

Starting session

Storing session

Retrieve session

Destroy Session

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