157 PESTICIDE SAFETY AND OTHER PESTICIDE INFORMATION USE PESTICIDES SAFELY Dan Horton, Extension Entomologist Pesticides are biologically active materials applied to kill or disable target pests. If not handled properly, many are also potentially toxic, or even lethal, to non-target plants and animals, including man. Pesticide labels should be carefully followed, as they enable the applicator to use these materials in a fashion that appropriately minimizes the risk of pesticides to human health and the environment. 1. Apply pesticides only when they are needed. Properly identify the pest and evaluate whether it will cause enough damage to justify a pesticide application. Your local Extension office can help you identify and evaluate your pest problems. 2. FOLLOW THE LABEL DIRECTIONS! Most pesticide accidents are the result of not following the directions, restrictions, and precautions on the label. Avoid the temptation to use greater than the labeled rates; you increase your risk and you may injure or damage the site of application. Additionally, it is illegal to use any pesticide in a manner not prescribed on the label. 3. Store pesticides safely. Far too many U.S. households with children under five years old have a pesticide stored within reach of children. Keep pesticides in the original packaging with the label securely affixed. The storage area should be clearly marked and locked if possible. Keep pesticides beyond the reach of children and animals. Never store pesticides with food, feed, or clothing. ‘NEVER store pesticides in any food or drink container! 4. Prevent pesticide drift and runoff. Never apply pesticide when the wind is blowing more than 5 mph or when rain is imminent. Crops that receive regular pesticide applications should not be planted near bodies of water or near sensitive areas, such as schools or wildlife habitat. 5. Wear the proper protective clothing. If you wear the label prescribed protective equipment, your risk from applying pesticides is very small. Wear a hat and eye protection when spraying overhead. 6. Measure pesticides carefully. Do not mix more pesticide than you need. It is much easier to use pesticides than to properly and safely dispose of them. 7. Wash your hands before you eat, drink, use tobacco, or go to the restroom. Shower as soon as you can, taking care to thoroughly clean your hair and fingernails. Wash the clothes you wore while applying pesticides before wearing them again. Separate your pesticide application garments from regular household laundry, washing them in a separate load. 8. If you or someone else is exposed to a pesticide, take immediate action. Remove any contaminated clothing. If pesticide is on the skin, wash immediately. If pesticide is in the eye, rinse with clean water for at least 15 minutes. If pesticide is swallowed, give large amounts of water or milk to drink. DO NOT induce vomiting unless the label directs you to. Never give liquids or induce vomiting if a person is unconscious or convulsive. If pesticide is inhaled, move victim to fresh air. Promptly seek medical attention. Storing the Pesticide 1. Store pesticides in a locked and posted place that is accessible only to qualified personnel. Keep pesticides out of reach of children, unqualified people, or animals. 2. Store pesticides in their original containers with intact labels. NEVER place a pesticide in a food or beverage container. 3. Do not store pesticides with food, feed, or seed.
Transcript
PB 157
PESTICIDE SAFETY AND OTHER PESTICIDE INFORMATIONUSE PESTICIDES SAFELY
Dan Horton, Extension Entomologist
Pesticides are biologically active materials applied to kill or disable target pests. If not handled properly, many are also potentially toxic, or even lethal, to non-target plants and animals, including man. Pesticide labels should be carefully followed, as they enable the applicator to use these materials in a fashion that appropriately minimizes the risk of pesticides to human health and the environment. 1. Apply pesticides only when they are needed. Properly identify the pest and evaluate whether it will cause enough damage to
justify a pesticide application. Your local Extension office can help you identify and evaluate your pest problems. 2. FOLLOW THE LABEL DIRECTIONS! Most pesticide accidents are the result of not following the directions, restrictions,
and precautions on the label. Avoid the temptation to use greater than the labeled rates; you increase your risk and you may injure or damage the site of application. Additionally, it is illegal to use any pesticide in a manner not prescribed on the label.
3. Store pesticides safely. Far too many U.S. households with children under five years old have a pesticide stored within reach of children. Keep pesticides in the original packaging with the label securely affixed. The storage area should be clearly marked and locked if possible. Keep pesticides beyond the reach of children and animals. Never store pesticides with food, feed, or clothing. ‘NEVER store pesticides in any food or drink container!
4. Prevent pesticide drift and runoff. Never apply pesticide when the wind is blowing more than 5 mph or when rain is imminent. Crops that receive regular pesticide applications should not be planted near bodies of water or near sensitive areas, such as schools or wildlife habitat.
5. Wear the proper protective clothing. If you wear the label prescribed protective equipment, your risk from applying pesticides is very small. Wear a hat and eye protection when spraying overhead.
6. Measure pesticides carefully. Do not mix more pesticide than you need. It is much easier to use pesticides than to properly and safely dispose of them.
7. Wash your hands before you eat, drink, use tobacco, or go to the restroom. Shower as soon as you can, taking care to thoroughly clean your hair and fingernails. Wash the clothes you wore while applying pesticides before wearing them again. Separate your pesticide application garments from regular household laundry, washing them in a separate load.
8. If you or someone else is exposed to a pesticide, take immediate action. Remove any contaminated clothing. If pesticide is on the skin, wash immediately. If pesticide is in the eye, rinse with clean water for at least 15 minutes. If pesticide is swallowed, give large amounts of water or milk to drink. DO NOT induce vomiting unless the label directs you to. Never give liquids or induce vomiting if a person is unconscious or convulsive. If pesticide is inhaled, move victim to fresh air. Promptly seek medical attention.
Storing the Pesticide
1. Store pesticides in a locked and posted place that is accessible only to qualified personnel. Keep pesticides out of reach of children, unqualified people, or animals.
2. Store pesticides in their original containers with intact labels. NEVER place a pesticide in a food or beverage container. 3. Do not store pesticides with food, feed, or seed.
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PROTECT HONEY BEES FROM PESTICIDESKeith S. Delaplane, Extension Entomologist
Many pesticides are hazardous to honey bees. Some are acutely toxic to bees, that is, exposed individuals very often die. Lower doses or exposures may be sub-lethal, but toxic enough to disable the exposed bees. Damage can be minimized if the pesticide user and the beekeeper cooperate and take proper precautions.
The Pesticide User’s Role
1. Use pesticides only as needed.2. Select the least hazardous pesticides that will control the target pest.3. Use the least hazardous method of application. Granules are usually harmless to honey bees. Sprays drift less than dusts and
are less likely to kill bees in nearby areas. 4. Do not apply pesticides when honey bees are active. Applications in late evening or night are least likely to kill bees. Do not
apply pesticides when plants are in flower unless it is absolutely necessary.
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COMMON PESTICIDE PRODUCTS AVAILABLE FOR HOMEOWNERSDan Horton, John All and Dean Kemp, Entomologists
Always refer to the product label, which is the definitive guide for safe, legal pesticide use. Label precautions are legally binding and they provide for safe, effective use. Certain products may have the same trade name, but different active ingredients.
PRODUCTS ACTIVE INGREDIENT
INDOORS, PATIOS, DECKS,
EXTERIOR HARDSCAPES
& PATHS
FLOWERS, SHRUBS, TREES, LAWNS
VEGE- TABLES FRUIT
INSECTICIDES
Amdro Power Flex Home Pest Indoor zeta-cypermethrin X — — —
Amdro Power Flex Yard & Perimeter zeta-cypermethrin X X — —
Amdro Quick Kill Insect Killer zeta-cypermethrin — X — —
Bayer Advanced 12 Month Tree & Shrub Protect & Feed imidacloprid — X — —
Bayer Advanced All-In-One Rose & Flower Care tebuconazole + imidacloprid + clothianidin
— X — —
Bayer Advanced Carpenter Ant & Termite Killer Plus beta-cyfluthrin X X — —
Bayer Advanced Complete Insect Dust for Gardens permethrin X — X X
Bayer Advanced Complete Insect Killer for Garden R-T-U carbaryl — X X X
Bayer Advanced Complete Insect Killer for Soil & Turf imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin — X — —
Bayer Advanced Dual Action Rose & Flower Insect Killer R-T-U
imidacloprid + beta cyfluthrin — X — —
Bayer Advanced Fire Ant Killer beta-cyfluthrin — X — —
Bayer Advanced Fruits, Citrus & Vegetables Insect Control imidacloprid — — X X
Bayer Advanced Home Carpenter Ant and Termite Killer Plus deltamethrin X X — —
Bayer Advanced Home Pest Control Indoor & Outdoor Insect beta-cyfluthrin X X — —
Bayer Advanced Home Pest Plus Germ Killer sodium o-phenylphenate + beta-cyfluthrin
X — — —
Bayer Advanced Power Force Carpenter Ant & Termite Killer Plus
deltamethrin X X — —
Bayer Advanced Rose & Flower Insect Killer beta-cyfluthrin + imidacloprid X X — —
Bayer Advanced Season - Long Grub Control Ready- to- Spread Granules
imidacloprid — X — —
Bayer Advanced Termite Killer imidacloprid X — — —
St. Gabriel Laboratories Burnout clove oil X X — —
St. Gabriel Laboratories Premerge corn gluten meal — X — –
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CALIBRATION OF BACKPACK SPRAYERS 1000 Ft2 MethodGary L. Hawkins, Extension Engineer
Glen C. Rains, Extension Engineer
Backpack sprayers are often used to treat ornamental or small areas of turf. Herbicide recommendations are based amount per acre and amount per 1000 ft2. Regardless of the type of sprayer used to apply herbicides, the speed, pressure and nozzle height must be kept constant for accurate application. The backpack sprayer may require some modification so that it is better suited for application. A pressure gauge mounted on the tank side of the shutoff valve will allow continuous monitoring of the tank pressure, which must remain uniform. Optimum pressure control can be achieved by inserting a pressure regulator between the pressure gauge and nozzle. To prevent dripping after the shutoff valve is closed, use a quick, positive pressure shutoff valve or a strainer with a check valve. Nozzle clogging, a problem associated with the use of wettable powders (as well as dry flowable [DF] and water dispersible granules [WDG] formulations) can be reduced by inserting a 50 mesh in-line strainer and keeping the solution constantly agitated. The following is a procedure of 1000 ft2.
Step 1. Measure the length and width of the test area to be sprayed. Then calculate the area to be covered.
Test Area is: length ft X width ft = ft2
Step 2. Fill sprayer with water and spray the test area. Record the amount of water to refill the sprayer.
Volume (ounces) per test area
Step 3. Find the label rate of material to be applied per 1000 ft2 .
Rate per 1000 ft2
Step 4.
Step 5. Calculate the area covered per tank as follows:
Step 6. Calculate amount of material to add to tank.
Solutions derived from the above may need to be converted to a smaller unit in order to accurately measure the pesticide accurately. The following conversion will help simplify this problem.
Conversions:
Volume Weightgallon x 128
pints x 16fl oz x 29.57
gallon x 4quarts x 2fl oz x 2tsp x 3tsp x 5
= fluid ounces (fl oz)= fluid ounces (fl oz)
= milliliters (ml)= quarts (qts)= pints (pts)
= Tablespoons (Tbs)= Tablespoons (Tbs)
= milliliters (ml)
pounds x 16wt. ounces x 28.35
grams x 1000
= weight ounces (wt oz)= grams (g)
= milligrams (mg)
An example of using this conversion chart. If the rate calls for 0.25 gallons of material then converting to ounces would be done as follows: 1 gallon has 128 ounces, so multiply 0.25 gallons by 128 to get 32 ounces. So, you would need to measure out 32 ounces for your applica-tion. The same thing for a weight. If you need 0.25 pounds, then multiply 0.25 by 16. This is calculated as 0.25 pounds times 16 to get 4 weight ounces of material.
1000 ft2 x Volume (ounces) per test area
Test Area (ft2)= Volume (ounces) per 1000 ft2
Tank volume (ounces) x 1000 ft2
Volume per 1000 ft2= Area covered per tank (ft2)
Area per tank (ft2) x Label rate per 1000 ft2
1000= Amount to add (rate units)
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CALIBRATING TURFGRASS SPRAYERS (Gallons per 1000 ft2)Gary L. Hawkins, Extension Engineer
Glen C. Rains, Extension Engineer
Low-pressure boom sprayers are used frequently for applying chemicals on large areas such as golf courses and recreational areas. Application rates for turf are normally given in gallons per 1000 sq ft. Calibrating a boom sprayer is not as difficult as it sounds. Calibrate your sprayer often to compensate for nozzle wear, pump wear and speed changes.
Calibrate with clean water. Check uniformity of nozzle output across the boom. Collect from each for a known time period. Each nozzle should be within 10 percent of the average output. Replace with new nozzles if necessary. When applying materials that are appreciably different from water in weight or flow characteristics, such as fertilizer solutions, etc., calibrate with the material to be applied. Exercise extreme care and use protective equipment when active ingredient is involved..
Step 1. Determine the Effective Swath Width (W) per NozzleFor boom spraying, the effective spray width of each nozzle (W) is equal to the distance in inches between two nozzles.
Step 2: Determine Travel Speed (MPH)To determine the travel speed, measure a known distance. Use fence posts or flags to identify this distance. A distance over 200 feet and a tank at least half full are recommended. Travel the distance determined at your normal spraying speed and record the elapsed time in seconds. Repeat this step and take the average of the two measurements. Use the following equation to determine the travel speed in miles per hour:
(0.68 is a constant to convert feet/second to miles/hour)
Step 3. Determine Nozzle Flow Rate (GPM)With the sprayer parked, operate the sprayer at the same pressure level and catch the output from each nozzle in a measuring jar for one minute (or collect output for half a minute and then double the ounces collected) to determine the nozzle flow rate in ounces per minute (OPM) Then, convert the final average output in OPM to gallons per minute (GPM) using the following equation:
GPM = OPM/128 (1 Gallon = 128 ounces)
Step 4. Determine the Actual Application Rate in Gallons per 1000 sq ftUse the following equation to determine the gallons per acre application rate:
GPM: average nozzle flow rate in gallons per minuteMPH: travel speed in miles per hourW: distance between two nozzles in inches136 a constant to convert units to gallons per 1000 ft2
Step 5. Calculate the area covered per tank as follows:
Step 6. Calculate amount of material to add to tank.
Distance (feet) x 0.68
Time (seconds)Travel Speed (MPH) =
136 x gpm (per nozzle)
MPH x WGallons per 1000 ft2 =
Tank Volume (gallons) x 1000
Application Rate (gallons per 1000 ft2)= Area covered per tank (ft2)
Area covered per tank (ft2) x Material rater per 1000 ft2
1000= Amount to add (rate units)
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HAND SPRAYER CALIBRATION FOR ORNAMENTAL AND TURFGary L. Hawkins, Extension Engineer
Glen C. Rains, Extension Engineer
Hand sprayers are often used to treat ornamental or small areas of turf. The directions on many ornamental pesticide product labels say to “spray until foliage is wet” or perhaps “spray until runoff.” Unfortunately, these directions are subject to each applicator’s interpretation of what “wet” or “runoff” is.
Recommendations are based on amount per 100 gallons. This is the dilution ratio for the chemical applied. Use the following to convert 100 gallon rate to bed area rate.
1. Measure the length and width of the area to be sprayed. Then calculated the area to be covered.
Bed Area is: length X width = ft2
2. Fill sprayer with water and spray the area. Record the amount of water to refill the sprayer. Gallons per bed area
3. Obtain the rate of material to be applied per 100 gallons. Rate
4.
5. Calculate the total amount of material to be used for the application (total bed area) as follows:
6. Total solution to prepare is:
Solutions derived from the above may need to be converted to a smaller unit in order to accurately measure the pesticide. Refer to the conversion section to help simplify this problem.
Conversions:
Volume Weightgallon x 128
pints x 16fl oz x 29.57
gallon x 4quarts x 2fl oz x 2tsp x 3tsp x 5
= fluid ounces (fl oz)= fluid ounces (fl oz)
= milliliters (ml)= quarts (qts)= pints (pts)
= Tablespoons (Tbs)= Tablespoons (Tbs)
= milliliters (ml)
pounds x 16wt. ounces x 28.35
grams x 1000
= weight ounces (wt oz)= grams (g)
= milligrams (mg)
An example of using this conversion chart. If the rate calls for 0.25 gallons of material then converting to ounces would be done as follows: 1 gallon has 128 ounces, so multiply 0.25 gallons by 128 to get 32 ounces. So, you would need to measure out 32 ounces for your application. The same thing for a weight. If you need 0.25 pounds, then multiply 0.25 by 16. This is calculated as 0.25 pounds times 16 to get 4 weight ounces of material.
Rate x Gallons per bed area
100= Amount per bed area
Amount per bed area x Area to be sprayed
Bed area (ft2)= Amount of material
Gallons per bed area x Area to be sprayed (ft2)
Bed area (ft2)= Total Solution
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ATTENTION! PESTICIDE PRECAUTIONS
1. Observe all directions, restrictions and precautions on pesticide labels. It is dangerous, wasteful and illegal to do otherwise.
2. Store all pesticides in original containers with labels intact and behind locked doors. “KEEP PESTICIDES OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN.”
3. Use pesticides correct label dosages and intervals to avoid illegal residues or injury to plants and animals.
4. Apply pesticides carefully to avoid drift or contamination of non-target areas.
5. Surplus pesticides and containers should be disposed of in accordance with label instructions so that contamination of water and other hazards will not result.
6. Follow directions on the pesticide label regarding restrictions as required by State and Federal Laws and Regulations.
7. Avoid any action that may threaten an Endangered Species or its habitat. Your county extension agent can inform you of Endangered Species in your area, help you identify them, and through the Fish and Wildlife Service Field Office identify actions that may threaten Endangered Species or their habit.
Specific insects, diseases, and weeds are found by the plants or crop with which they are associated. For example. aphids on peanuts are found by looking under “peanut insect control” and turning to the page indicated. Pests of animals are found by looking under the animal with which they are associated. Household, structural, public health, recreational pests and vertebrate pests are found by looking up the specific pest.
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flowerhomeowner fungicide guide 63–66insect control 92–93
124–125disease control 116–119insect control 114–115weed control 120–124weed response to herbicides 126–127
turnipdisease control 147home insect control 136
turtle 156
Vvarmint
repellents 169vegetable
all crops 128foliar boron sprays 152foliar calcium sprays 151–152insect control 128–136weed control 149–150
vole 154
Wwasps 75, 79watermelon
disease control 147–148insect control 130–131
weed control 99–100weed response to herbicides
aquatic 24turf 127
woody ornamentalshomeowner fungicide guide 63–66weed control 99–100
worms 114
Yyellow jacket 75, 79
plum • yellow jacket
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2014 Georgia Pest Management HandbookHomeowner Edition
COPIES ARE AVAILABLE AT $20.00 EACH. Visit us on the web at http://www.ent.uga.edu/pmh. Please make check or money order payable to the UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA and send to:
OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS Cooperative Extension117 Hoke Smith Annex
