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Pesticides, Fertilizers, Air & Water Pollution
Health:
Our Most Important Asset
When the well’s dry, we know the worth of water.
Ben Franklin
Man can live about forty days without food, about three days without water, about eight minutes without air, but only for one second without hope.
Anonymous
Treat the earth well, It was not given to you by your parents, It was loaned to you by your children.
Native American Proverb
The Problem
• Discharges into Lakes, Rivers, etc.
• Harmful Air Emissions
• Consumption of Hazardous Household Products
• Family Farms Struggling Due to High Costs of Pesticides and Fertilizers
Where will VT be in 20 years if we ignore the problem?
California Model:DETERIORATED HEALTH AND
ENVIRONMENT
• Increased Cancer Rates• Increased Infant Mortality• Toxic Water• SMOG• Loss of Family Farms
Where could VT be in 20 years if we address the problem?
Slovenia Model:
HEALTHIER FAMILIES & CLEANER ENVIRONMENT
•Decreased Infant Mortality•Movement towards Organic•Anti-GMO •Population - 2 million•Vibrant Tourist Industry•Recently Seceded
Strategies for Behavioral Change
• Education – Raise Public Awareness
• Reduce Consumption – Price Adjustments
• Reuse – “Gray Water” Irrigation
• Innovation – Sustainable & Eco-Friendly Practices
Air PollutionThe Problem
1. Most air pollution is from non-point sources.
2. Due to the rural nature of our state, 50% of energy expenditures in VT are for transportation and this accounts for most of the air pollution in the state.
3. This transportation related pollution has been dealt with by the Carbon Tax explained earlier.
Title V - ConstructionBasic Fee Schedule Type Amount New Rate
Permit Application Major Stationary $11,500 $15,000
Non-Major Stationary $750 $1,000
Indirect Source $4,000 $5,000
Minor Amendment Clerical $100 $100
Technical $500 $500
Supplemental Fee Schedule for Non-Major Stationary Sources
Type Amount New Rate
Engineering Review $1,460 $2,000
Air Quality Impact Analysis
Screening Model $600 $600
Refined Model $1,170 $2,000
Observe and Review Emissions Testing
$1,750 $2,000
Audit Performance of Ambient Air Monitoring
$1,750 $2,000
Implement Public Comment Requirement
$500 $500
Title V - Operating
Emitters have to pay for permission to release harmful chemicals into the
atmosphere. They pay fees to the state to cover the cost of monitoring
their businesses and then get charged by the amount of pollution emitted. Usually by the pound or gallon of
chemical.
Air Toxics - Definition• "Air toxics" refers to 188 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) listed in the Clean Air Act (CAA) of 1990.
• HAPs include industrial chemicals, solvents, metals, pesticides, and combustion by-products.
• Top 10 air toxics exceed health-based standards in Vermont.
1. Acetaldehyde
2. Formaldehyde
3. Benzene
4. Methylene Chloride
5. 1,3-Butadiene
6. Tetrachloroethylene
7. Carbon Tetrachloride
8. Mercury
9. Chloroform
10. Styrene
Air Toxics
• Mobile Sources: On and off road vehicles and aircraft.• Area Sources: Burn barrels, gasoline filling stations,
woodstoves, paint stripper, surface coatings, drycleaners, industrial boilers, etc. (small stationary sources)
• Point Sources: Manufacturing operations (large stationary sources).
Air Toxics – Management
• UVM
• Cargill
• OMYA
• Burlington Electric
• Middlebury College
These 218 Point Sources released 11,086 tons of toxics into the air in Vermont during 2000.
Entities producing more than 5 tons of “criteria” air pollutants must register with the state. These include approximately 218 entities including:
Air Toxics Revenues• In 2003 VT raised $153,576 in revenues from toxics.
Basic Fee Schedule Amount New Rate
For facilities with emissions greater than 5 tons but less than 10.
$ 0.016 per pound of emissions of SO2,
PM, 00, NOR, or Hydrocarbons
$250 plus$0.032 per pound
For facilities with emissions greater than
10 tons.
$840 plus$ 0.016 per pound
$1,680$ 0.032 per pound
Hazardous Contaminant Surcharge
Fee assessed based on emissions with regard to public health. Please consult the Air Division for type definitions.
Excludes emission from thecombustion of fuels except for
“solid waste” fuel.Type 1: $ 0.008 per pound
emittedType 2: $ 0.084 per pound
emittedType 3: $ 0.840 per pound
emitted Type 4: $ 8.40 per pound emitted
Excludes emission from thecombustion of fuels except for
“solid waste” fuel.Type 1: $ 0.08 per pound emittedType 2: $ 0.84 per pound emittedType 3: $ 8.40 per pound emitted
Type 4: $ 84.00 per pound emitted
Hazardous Contaminant Surcharge on the
amount of fuel burned annually.
Coal: $0.43pertonWood: $ 0.103 per ton
#6 Fuel Oil: $ 0.0005 per gallon#4 Fuel Oil: $ 0.0004 per gallon#2 Fuel Oil: $ 0.0002 per gallon
LPG: $ 0.0002 per gallonNatural_Gas: $0.87 per million ft3
Coal: $0.86pertonWood: $ 0.206 per ton
#6 Fuel Oil: $ 0.001 per gallon#4 Fuel Oil: $ 0.0008 per gallon#2 Fuel Oil: $ 0.0004 per gallon
LPG: $ 0.0004 per gallonNatural_Gas: $1.74 per million ft3
Current Water Taxes• Water Discharge Fee
– Application for discharge permit is $100– Application review fee ranges from $50
to $30,000
• Stormwater Fee– Administrative fee of $100– Application review fee
• $300 per acre of impervious surface in a Class B watershed
• $1170 per acre of impervious surface in a Class A watershed
– Annual operating fee• $50 per acre of impervious surface in a Class
B watershed• $235 per acre of impervious surface in a
Class A watershed
Price ChangesCurrent
• Water Discharge Fee• $100 permit• $50-$30,000 review fee
• Stormwater Fee• $100 administrative operating fee• $300-$1170 application review fee• $50-$235 annual operating fee
Revised
• Water Discharge Fee• $300 permit
• $150-$90,000 review fee
• Stormwater Fee• $300 administrative operating fee
• $900-$3510 application review fee
• $150-$705 annual operating fee
Water Consumption Fee: Part I
• First 100 gallons of water used per household will be free (as it already is), but every gallon thereafter will be subject to the 1 cent per gallon fee.
• Currently an average household consumes about 200 gallons of water per day.
Water Consumption Fee: Part II
Ease of Administration– Meters already in place on houses.
– Meters can easily be placed on wells.
Equity– Because the first 100 gallons will be free of charge, only excessive
use of water will be taxed.
Economy– A Water Consumption Tax will generate an enormous amount of
money which can displace other taxes.
Environment– Taxation on the consumption of water promotes efficiency and
conservative use. It also encourages recycling, reuse, and innovation.
Pesticide & Fertilizer Revenues
Product registration feeCurrent $75.00
Proposed $300.00
Dealer’s License & Application Fees for Pesticides
$41,000 $82,000
Fertilizer product registration fees @ $15.00/nutrient
max. $105.00
@ $30.00/nutrient, max. $210.00
Fertilizer tonnage tax@ $.25/ton
with a min. of $50.00
@ $.50/ton with a min. of $100.00
Total $932,000 $3,203,000
Sales Tax Exemption for Agriculture
6.0% Sales Tax Exemption for Agricultural Use of Pesticides and Fertilizers
Current
Revenue
Fair Tax Proposal
Green Tax Proposal
Farmers, Nurseries, Orchards, etc
$0.00 $1,100,000.00 $0.00
Total Current -$932,000
Proposed - $3,203,000
$10,000
$510,000
$1,010,000
$1,510,000
$2,010,000
$2,510,000
$3,010,000
Registration annual fee for newpesticide products, household
products
Commercial pesticide dealer'slicense & applicator licenses
fees
Fertilizers product registrationfee
Fertilizers tonnage tax
Chemicals
Benefits of Our Proposed Change
• Healthier Vermonters
• Pure Water
• Fresh Air
• Increased Tourism
• Family Farms Flourish In Vermont!
• The GREEN Mountain State Prevails!
Resources
• http://www.chem.unep.ch/pops/POPs_Inc/proceedings/abu-dhabi/KOVACS.html
• http://www.ppionline.org/ppi_ci.cfm?knlgAreaID=108&subsecid=900003&contentid=253035
• http://cpr.radicaldesigns.org/article.php?id=210
• http://www.anr.state.vt.us/air/Planning/docs/rptFacEmissionsTotal-2000.rtf
• http://www.vtwaterquality.org
• http://www.vpirg.org