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Petroleum andPetrochemicals

By Group 1

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What is Petroleum?

Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring,flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixtures.Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling. It is

refined and separated, most easily by boiling point,into a large number of consumer products, from petroland kerosene to asphalt and chemical reagents usedto make plastics and pharmaceuticals. Petroleum is

often known as MOTHER OF ALL COMMODITIES because of its use in manufacturing a wide variety ofmaterials.

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Petroleum and

Petroleum Refineries

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What are

Petrochemicals?Petrochemicals are chemical productsderived from petroleum. Some chemical

compounds made from petroleum arealso obtained from other fossil fuels suchas coal or natural gas, or renewable

sources such as corn or sugar cane.

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Petrochemical

Refineries

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Petroleum Refineries 

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Types of

Petrochemicals Plastic: A plastic material is any of a widerange of synthetic solids used in themanufacture of industrial products. There

are two types of plastics: thermoplasticsand thermosetting polymers.Thermoplastics are the plastics that do notundergo chemical change in theircomposition when heated and can be

moulded again and again; examples arepolyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene,polyvinyl and chloride. Thermosets canmelt and take shape once; after they havesolidified, they stay solid.

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Types of

Petrochemicals  Ethanol: Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure

alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatile,flammable, colorless liquid. It is a psychoactive drug

and one of the oldest recreational drugs. Best knownas the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, itis also used in thermometers, as a solvent, and as afuel. In common usage, it is often referred to simply as

alcohol or spirit.

ETHANOL PLANT

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Uses of Petrochemicals 

Plastic Bottles: are made from petrochemicals too.Polyester is used in the making of most plasticcommodities. Besides this, compact discs and cassettes

are made up of polyester or petrochemical oil.

Ethylene: (a by product obtained by heating or distillingthe oil) is the most essential constituent of petrochemicaloil and is used to make garbage bags, camera films, milk

crates, bags etc.

Thus, petrochemicals have enormous uses. Thepetrochemical products are used in every nook and cornerof the world ranging from household applications to the

massive industrial production taking place across theworld.

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Petrochemical

Industries  Petrochemical Industries are industries where the

petrochemicals are made from the petroleum.

The largest petrochemical industries are located in theUSA and Western Europe; however, major growth innew production capacity is in the Middle East andAsia. There is substantial inter-regional petrochemicaltrade.

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