Pharmer ceuticals

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Samuel BrennemanCortney Hauer

Christopher JonesBy: Cortney Hauer

“Pharmer-ceuticals”

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Pharmer-ceuicals

Pharma Crops

Molecular Pharming

Biopharming

Pharmer-ceuticals

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Over 20 years ago, scientists envisioned picking a tomato off a vine and taking a bite to receive a does of antibiotics.

The prospect of reducing costs of medicines and simplifying the logistics of transportation was a hopeful goal for pharmaceutical crops. But after many years of research, it was discovered that this simplistic view of an edible vaccine was not attainable.

Pharmer-ceutical’s : PAST

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BIOFARMINGA broad term used to denote “genetically modified (GM) or engineered crops to produce vaccines, antibodies, and other therapeutic proteins…” (Li, Yuan, Yang, Antoun, Balick & Cragg, 2010).

What Is It?

PHARMA CROPS A more appropriate term when discussing plants that are grown solely for the purpose of producing pharmaceuticals.

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Small Therapeutic Molecules (STMs)• A couple hundred varieties of plants available• Proteins for anti-cancer drugs

Large Therapeutic Molecules (LTMs)• A few hundred varieties of plants available• Antibodies pertaining to anti-cancer drugs, antifungal and

antiviral applications

Standardized Therapeutic Extracts (STEs)• Thousands of varieties of plants available • Actual extracts, no modification necessary • Dietary supplements are common

Types of Pharmer-ceuticals



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STMs & LTMsProduced similarly to genetically modified crops found in our grocery stores.

The plant’s genes are modified so that they include DNA to encourage the growth of particular proteins.

How Does It Work?

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STEsThe crop does not necessarily have to be modified.

This is because the plant normally produces the protein needed naturally.

How Does It Work?

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• Plants cannot be consumed directly• Requires processing

o Driedo Groundo Mixture

• Packaged

Once the plant is processed, the dosage and potency of the proteins can be

evaluated.

How Does It Work?



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Crops are broken down into:

FOOD’s and NON-FOOD’s

Food’s are meant for human consumption, while non-food’s are not.

Pharmer-ceuticals



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At this time only about “eleven plant species are being used for products currently in clinical trials…” (Milne 2010). Growing and refining these plants is still a relatively new process and still is in the process of being evaluated.

Pharmer-ceutical’s: PRESENT



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Scientists are trying to increase a plants ability to produce more of the necessary proteins.

They struggle with maintaining a consistent dose of the protein throughout the plant.

More approved plants to grow healthier and heartier crops for pharmaceutical purposes.

Pharmer-ceutical’s: FUTURE

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As long as the crops are being modified there are always going to be concerns:

• Potency of medicine

• Cross contamination

• Health impacts

• Environmental impacts

Concerns

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With every advancement there are always positives:

• Cheaper cost of medicine

• Longer shelf life of medicine

• Easier transport of medicine

• Grown proteins over chemically

Advantages

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Research concerning pharmer-ceuticals has become more and more popular.

With the impact that they could have on the population and the ease at which it could be implemented is great.

Conclusion

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Overall the expectations of pharmer-ceuticals are high. Providing the opportunity for cheap and easily accessible medicines.



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Fernandez, M. (2004). Pharming the field: a look at the benefits and risks of bioengineering plants to produce pharmaceuticals. Retrieved from http://www.pewtrusts.org/uploadedFiles/wwwpewtrustsorg/Reports/Food_and_Biotechnology/PIFB_Pharming_Fields.pdf

Li, S., Yuan, W., Yang, P., Antoun, M., Balick, M., & Cragg, G. (2010). Pharmaceutical

crops: an overview. 1, 1-17. Milne, R. (2010). Drawing bright lines: food and the futures of biopharming.

Sociological Review, 58133 (151), 133-155. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-954X.2010.01915.x

Thomas, D., Penney, C., Majumder, A., & Walmsle, A. (2011). Evolution of plant-

made pharmaceuticals. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 12, 3220-3236.

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References

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Pharmer ceuticals

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