Phenomenology.ppt 29-01-2012

8/11/2019 Phenomenology.ppt 29-01-2012

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Phenomenology

By:

DILSHAD HUSSAIN SHAH


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.The sociology of everyday life is a sociologica

orientation concerned with:

Experiencing, Understanding ,Describing,Analyzing, communicating.

With this people interact in concrete

situations.

The studies face to face social interactions by

observing and experiencing them in natural

situations, that is, in situations that have not

been scientifically manipulated.


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Sociologies of Everyday Life Phenomenology studies common sense, conscious

experience, and routine daily life.

It can be placed in the category of sociologies of everydaylife.

In the article, Sociologies of everyday life, by JackDouglas

Argues that sociologist have years been rebuilding theand thus rebuilding the foundation of all theory andmethod in the social sciences.

Five major bodies of theoretical ideas found

Symbolic interactionism

Dramaturgical analysisLabeling theory

Phenomenology and ethnomethodology

existentialism


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The Role of Consciousness

There are several difference between phenomenology and

sociology.

Phenomenology relies on reflexive experience as it takes form

in consciousness.

The research assumes intentional consciousness of theresearcher.

Through the techniques of reduction in variation,phenomenology is able to find the rudimentary structures and

processes of experience.

From this perspective, the researcher takes the perspective of

the other and imposes a sense of order on the environment.


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.

Phenomenologist are more concerned

with the way individuals construct intheir own conscious the meanings of

things.

They are characterized as a subjective orcreative sociology because it seeks to

understand the world from the point ofview of the acting subject and not from

the perspective of the scientific

observer. Meanings come from interacting

through a negotiation in their everyday

lives.


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The Phenomenological Approach Edmund Husserl developed the phenomenological

approach.

Designates two things: A new kind of descriptive method that made a

breakthrough in philosophy at the of the nineteenthcentury.

A science which is intended to supply the basicinstrument for a rigorously scientific philosophy andin its consequent application to make possible amethodological reform of all the science.

Roots of Phenomenological:oEntrenched in the German tradition

oSome of the most important intellectual debatestaking place between the world wars.


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.

The ideas that came under the phenomenology umbrella

Generated in an atmosphere of heightened social conflict

and anxiety about the future.

Husserl wanted to examine the phenomena of consciousand bracket them in order to test their truth.

Influence by Descartes, Hume, and Kant

Descartes MediationsHusserls first conceived of the possibility of seeking a

universally rational science of being by turning his

theoretical focus on an objective world to a reflective one.

Descartes argued that the social world exist only in thecontext of presentations of experiences of people. He also

promoted the idea of transcendental subjectivity, a

philosophy founded through a psychology of inner

experience.


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Edmund Husserl Background

He was sent away to school in Vienna at age 10to began his German classical education at areal gymnasium.

Universities attended were Leipzig (math,physics, and philosophy), Berlin (math), Vienna(doctoral Work)

Father of phenomenology His ideas were complex and confusing His work was translated from German to

English

He was Jewish, the Jewish population wascontrolled by marriage licenses; only 328 Jewishfamilies were allowed in 1787 and stopped in1849.

Married Malvine Charlotte Steinschneider andhad three children.


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.

Held a position of Privatdozent at Halle University.

He accepted a professorship at Freiburg in Breisgau in1916 and stayed there until retirement in 1928

Calvin O. Schrag wrote in the introduction to The

phenomenology of Internal Time-ConsciousnessSome of the main themes and ideas that emerged

throughout this development were:

A critique of psychololgism

The phenomenologicalEidetic reduction

The phenomenological ego

Transcendental intersubjectivityTime consciousness

The life world

h l


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Phenomenology Begins with the assumption that every certainty is

questionable.

In Ideem IHusserl describe phenomenology as a doctrine of

essences and a doctrine concerned with what things are

not with whether they are.

He was not looking to establish absolute presupposition onwhich to build a whole system of knowledge. Therefore, he

was not interested in being a system builder.

He was always a beginner, reexamining the foundations of

his investigations, resisting all fixed formulations and finalconclusions.

Philosophy, was never ending pursuit of serious and open-

ended questions, which lead to further questions that may

require a resetting of the original questions.


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In short, phenomenology is not a science of facts,but a science of essential being, an eidetic science(meaning an insubstantial empirical science; it is a

science that aims at establishing the knowledgeof essence.

Distinguished between facts and essence.

Described sciences of experience as sciences offact

Facts are determined by acts of cognition whichunderline human experiences.

Something is real and thus a fact because itpossesses a spatiotemporal existence, having aparticular duration of its own and a real

content.


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DILSHAD HUSSAIN SHAH

MUHAMMAD ASHFAQM.PHIL IN APPLIED LINGUISTICS (SESSION 2011-2013)

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Phenomenology.ppt 29-01-2012

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