8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

1/60

Geology and Remote Sensing ofMt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes,

the Philippines

Peter Mouginis-Mar

!ni"ersity of #a$aii pmm%pgd.ha$aii.edu

Work funded by NASAs

Solid Earth and Natural Hazards Program

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

2/60

'()T*'+ ' V'()+'S*+ T# P#**PP*+S

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

3/60

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

4/60

andsat co"erage/obtained o"er 0 different days1

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

5/60

Mt. P*+)T!2' R!PT*'+S

3une 4554

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

6/60

Prior to eruption

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

7/60

umaroles on flans, )pril 4554

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

8/60

3une 46th, 4554 eruption

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

9/60

Giant pyroclastic flo$s, 3une 47th 4554

form off of collapsing eruption column

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

10/60

The "ie$ from space "ia the

3apanese GMS-7 geostationary satellite

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

11/60

arly effects on the ground

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

12/60

Sediment-laden ri"ers

destroy roads & bridges

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

13/60

Ma8or landscape changes9 Pyroclastic flo$s

in-filled pre-e:isting ri"er "alleys /the peas

in t$o "ie$s belo$ are the same feature1

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

14/60

)*R P#'T'S

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

15/60

Summit caldera of Mt. Pinatubo, +o". 4555.

The lo$-point in the rim is a future ha;ard

as the lae $ill e"entually o"er-top here.

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

16/60

Typical "ie$ of eastern flan, +o". 4555

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

17/60

rosion of ignimbrite fan on

+

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

18/60

rosion of ri"er "alley on the

northern flan, +o". 4555

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

19/60

Sediment fills "alley floor do$nslope

on lo$er . flan +o"ember 4555

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

20/60

=etail of lahar-filled "alley

. flan, +o". 4555

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

21/60

GR'!+= P#'T'S

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

22/60

:ploring eroded "alley, S< flan

+o". 4555

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

23/60

(rossing the sediment-laden streams is a

real challenge> So much sediment is in these

streams that they easily noc you o"er.

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

24/60

Valley erosion can be e:treme in places9

!p to 6? m do$n-cutting during onetyphoon> This mosaic sho$s the remains of

the 4554 deposit /$hite unit1 that has been

cut by younger flash floods

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

25/60

rosion $ithin

the 4554 deposit

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

26/60

rosion of 4554 deposit

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

27/60

)ma;ing

landscapes>

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

28/60

Vegetation is starting to gro$ bac on $estern

fan. Summit of Mt. Pinatubo in bacground

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

29/60

@)#)RSA /M!='

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

30/60

Ma8or changes in "alley floor ele"ation after

single lahar has formed after typhoon.

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

31/60

The impact on "illages $ithin the path

of a lahar can be e:treme

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

32/60

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

33/60

)n old church has been partially-buried so

that you no$ enter on the 6nd floor. Ronnie

Torres sho$s the church prior to the lahars.

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

34/60

Giant dies made from old lahar and co"ered $ith

concrete no$ try to protect areas from ne$ lahars

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

35/60

The contrast bet$een areas protected by the

dies and unprotected is striing -- and itBs

all an issue of insurance for rede"elopment>

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

36/60

Some homes, once buried by lahar, and

no$ being e:posed by recent erosion

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

37/60

RM'T S+S*+G

=)T)

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

38/60

andsat

Path 44C

Ro$ 7?

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

39/60

R)=)RS)T radar bacscatter image

of Mt. Pinatubo, ebruary 455D

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

40/60

SP'T image of Mt. Pinatubo =ecember 4554

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

41/60

R)=)RS)T radar bacscatter image

of $estern fan of Mt. Pinatubo

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

42/60

(lar )ir 2ase9 R)=)RS)T

standard beam data set /67 mEpi:el1

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

43/60

SP'T data of Mt. Pinatubo summit

area soon after the eruption

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

44/60

(omparison of

+< Summit

from SP'T data

obtained bet$een

4554 and 455D

Red sho$s

"egetation,

the ash deposits

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

45/60

(hanges in Mt. Pinatubo lahar deposits.

o$er Pasig-Potrero Ri"er 4554 - 455C

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

46/60

RS-4 radar bacscatter image of

Pasig-Potrero Ri"er sho$ing

lo$-bacscatter lahar deposits

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

47/60

Shaded relief image

of lahar fans S of

Mt. Pinatubosummit from

+)S) T'PS)R

topographic data

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

48/60

+ighttime andsat thermal data

of Mt. Pinatubo sho$s $arm streams

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

49/60

T)) V'()+'/8ust south of Manila1

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

50/60

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

51/60

R)=)RS)T

scansar beam 4

/7? mEpi:el1

image of Taal

Volcano and

surrounding

area

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

52/60

Space Shuttle radar

/S*R-(EF-S)R1

multi-$a"elength/0, 7.C and 6 cm1

image of northern

part of Taal Volcano

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

53/60

Vie$ of ae Taal and Volcano

*sland from north rim, +o". 4555

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

54/60

+< corner of ae Taal

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

55/60

'"er ,??? people li"e $ithout permission

on the shores of Volcano *sland

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

56/60

*n the e"ent of an eruption of Taal,

all the population $ould ha"e to

lea"e Volcano *sland "ia small boats

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

57/60

Vie$ of the "olcanic lae in middle

of Volcano *sland /middle of ae Taal1

* ll 4555 thi t

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

58/60

*n all 4555, this "ent on

Volcano *sland $as acti"ely geysering.

*t $as Huiet in +o"ember 4555.

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

59/60

(lose-up "ie$

of recently acti"e

"ent on Volcano

*sland, in the

middle of

Taal Volcano

d th i f T l l

8/10/2019 Phi Volcanoes

60/60

"en around the rim of ae Taal, people

and their fish farms are at ris from

tsunamis generated by eruptions.