Newsletter APRIL 2015 DON’T FORGET MAY MEETING THIS SATURDAY 2 ND MAY 1.30PM FOR 2PM AT NCW SOUTH TCE ADELAIDE $5 PLUS MANTEL RAFFLE

April meeting held Saturday March 28th at NCW

Present-J Mann S Walladge K Jone4s D Haynes V Walden A Cooper R McEvoyApologies-M Collings J Carr J Forster A & K Feldman R Overy L & C GillMinutes of previous meeting read & acceptedTreasurer’s report- $828.92 with room hire still to come out. $22 from March raffle to go inCorrespondence- lots from UK R3 Society to do with reburial - news from UK-Ricardus Rex -Ricardian Register -news from Judith Carr in UK -Advertiser news cuttingGeneral business--Anne & Rilla went to see Tim at Merrill winery after visit to Battle of Bosworth winery- very nice setup for visitors.-everyone enjoyed Battle of Bosworth winery- good food- nice setup-good companyMotion March 2016 meeting to be a picnic held at Geoff Merrill wineryProposed V Walden seconded A Cooper passed unanimouslyPhone call from Lenis Wells to Valerie- interested to attend meeting when Margaret Collings and Judith Carr are back and sharing their trip and photos of reburial. On meeting calendar that is the July lunch meeting.D Haynes asked about her membership number which is needed if ordering from UK Society shop. Explained where her number was on the Bulletin mailing sheetMeetingsMAY DVD Births Deaths Marriages M CollingsJUNE Anthony Woodville talk by K JonesJULY Coronation lunch with M Collings and J Carr sharing their trip to UKAUGUST Book week Books by J ForsterSEPTEMBER TBAOCTOBER AGMNOVEMBER TBADECEMBER Christmas lunch, theme TBAMeeting closed 2.30pmS Walladge then shared the passages in the latest book The Bones of a King- Richard III rediscovered by the Greyfriars research team with Maeve Kennedy and Lin Foxhall. Judith Carr had alerted us that Maeve Kennedy had spoken to Louise about her part in the story but that there were inaccuracies in what was printed.S Walladge had also laid out copies of the news from the internet on the reburial week, the majority pro but some dissenters. Lots of lovely pictures. Also one in which J Carr appears as we had been alerted she could be seen at the end of a video clip of the hearse leaving Leicester University.

https://youtube/BbvtQcF5GK4 shows some of the reburial service

A Message of Thanks from Philippa Langley I would like to send everyone my heartfelt and personal thanks for thelast ten years during the Looking For Richard Project. It’s been atruly remarkable project that discovered the king and laid him to rest

The Richard III SocietyAdelaide South Australia Branch

with all dignity and honour. It’s been an extraordinary journey but Iam now utterly exhausted and taking time off to reconnect with myfamily. As a result, I will be off line for the next few months tore-cooperate and will only be responding to urgent emails in order togive me the quiet space in my life so lacking of late. Thank you againto everyone who got in touch over the years and for helping to make the Looking For Richard Project the success it undoubtedly was.

Philippa Langley: The End of Richard III and the Beginning of Henry IBy

Medievalists.net– March 27, 2015Posted in: Features, News Follow us on Twitter: @medievalistsLike us on Facebook: Medievalists.net

Philippa Langley placing a rose on Richard’s casket. Will Johnston – Leicester Cathedral.

Amidst all the excitement, and the whirlwind that was Richard III’s reburial in Leicester, I managed to catch up with one of the world’s most famous Ricardians, ‘the Kingfinder’, Philippa Langley. Langley was kind enough to take the time to chat with me in spite of the insanity that surrounded her this week. We chatted about Richard’s reputation, the importance of his discovery and what it means going forward, and lastly, what’s next for Langley once the dust has settled on this chapter in her life.

What are your emotions going into these final few days before Richard’s burial?I think that’s a really difficult question to answer because there’s been so much excitement, you know, since Sunday and so much of it has been overwhelming that tomorrow is the end of it all, really, it’s the climax, it’s the final reburial. I really don’t know how I’m going to feel until I get in there and I think we’re all going to be the same because at the moment it’s such a buzz in Leicester, and everything is so exciting, that I’m sure you can’t be feeling that tomorrow.

What do you think have been the most important things we have learned about Richard III since he was discovered in September 2012? I think looking at some of the mythology that we’ve been able to discredit. Let’s look at some of the things we now know: We now know that he wasn’t dug up at the time of the Dissolution, we know his remains weren’t carried through the streets of Leicester by the jeering, angry mob, we know that he wasn’t thrown into the River Soar at some time later, we know that he wasn’t hunched backed. That’s the most inappropriate word but we don’t have another because he didn’t have Kyphosis. We now know that the grave was cut too short for him, so he was hunched in the grave. What the scientists do know is that he had a Scoliosis, and we know from the account of Richard when Richard hadn’t been dead for very long, John Rous described him as having one shoulder slightly higher than the other, and we now know that that was correct because he had this Scoliosis. Scoliosis is a condition, it’s not a disability, and I think the only way that I can think about that in terms of the modern day is our Queen, Elizabeth II, has once shoulder higher than the other. Now, do we discuss that? Is it a big topic of discussion? Do we all make a big thing about it? Do we call her the deformed Queen? Do we think that because she’s got one shoulder higher than the other that she’s evil? No, we don’t, so that’s been able to blow a huge amount of those myths. The other thing is we know that he didn’t have a withered arm, we know he didn’t have a limping gait, we know that his head didn’t bang against Bow Bridge when he was slung over the horse and brought back into Leicester because there’s no marks on his skull to suggest that it cracked against stone. So this is just some of the mythology that surrounded Richard III that we can now say, ‘Sorry guys, you all thought that was true, but it’s not’. Even down to the fact that he’s always portrayed as having very dark hair and dark eyes; he had quite light hair and blue eyes, so it’s a whole raft of things. And they all said that he was incredibly small. He must’ve been small in stature because people said so but actually, in the grave with his femur bone he was 5’8″. That is not too small; and we know from people who have Scoliosis, that you lose about a couple of inches, like Dominic Smee, he’s lost a couple of inches. Richard was about 5’6″, so compared to Edward, his brother, he would’ve looked small, but he wouldn’t have been that small in medieval times.

Do you think finding Richard and this recent exposure has changed public perception of him as a monarch?I think there’s been a seismic shift, because we’ve brought his story into the daylight now. I think people are reading widely about him. I think the general public perception now has shifted from the Shakespearean caricature to the medieval king, to the warrior king, the last Plantagenet; that’s a huge change.

Philippa at the site where Richard’s body was discovered. Richard III Society.

This has also been quite a journey for you over these last couple of years — what are you going to remember most about this project? Right now I think it’s about closing the circle in one sense because the ethos of the Looking for Richard was if we found him, it was to give him what he didn’t get when he died on the field of battle in 1485. I think we’re going to achieve that now. To do that, we do something incredibly important, because we make peace with the past. Whatever your view of Richard III, we are laying him to rest, and that’s incredibly important. I think that’s what I’ll take away because we’ve achieved our aims, we’ve achieved our goals, and we fought long and hard behind the scenes to make sure that Richard was laid out anatomically that he wasn’t just put in a box. We also wanted to make sure that he did get a tomb, because at first they weren’t going to give him a tomb, they were just going to give him a slab. When Henry Tudor first buried him in 1485, he didn’t get a tomb for 10 years. We didn’t want to see that happen again. You’ll see a big, beautiful plinth on the tomb design, and it has Richard’s coat of arms on it. We fought for the boar, we fought for the white roses in the floor and we wanted his name on it, and his dates on it, all the things that make it his tomb, it’s about the man. Up until then it was just going to be a featureless block of stone with nothing on it, and we thought that’s just not right. We also wanted him to be coffined in a holy place, not as a scientific specimen, and not in a laboratory, and we managed to get that in the end. It was all about honouring him as a named individual, and I think we’ve ticked that box.

King Henry I – National Portrait Gallery, London. Artist Unknown.

Once everything has died down, what’s your next project? What does the Richard III Society want to do going forward? I think there’s two things to that. I think for the society and for research going forward, we are now searching archives because we think there’s documentation out there. Nobody has really looked for this period because everybody thought, we know this story, but now we’re going to say, ok we don’t know this story and this project has shown us that. So we’ve got people in Spain, in Portugal, in Germany, in Austria who are specialists who are going to be looking in archives. We’re going to be looking in this country, we’re going to be asking for people who have private archives, the big families, to open them up, so we can go and search them.

Does this all end for you on Thursday? No, no way. The Princes in the Tower, what happened to the sons of Edward IV? This is what we want to find out. Is there documentation out there that can help explain what happened to them? Can we solve this mystery? Now we’re looking. The second thing is I’m just about to launch a project in Reading, and it’s called the Hidden Abbey Project. This about looking for the beautiful Clunaic abbey that Henry I built in Reading, and of course, Henry I is buried there. It’s a step by step project. The first thing we’re going to do is ground penetrating radar.

We want to then see what we can find in the abbey. We’re then going to do some trial trenching to make sure that the GPR is telling us what we think it’s telling us, and then we’ll go from there. This isn’t my search, Reading asked me to do this search for them so I’ve given this to the people of Reading.

When are you starting this new project? We’ve had permission from English Heritage, that’s in, and we’re now getting permission from the landowners. We’ve had two permissions in, we’re just waiting on the third permission, and then we’re doing the GPR survey and we hope we’re doing that this year.

~Sandra Alvarez

(This one is very interesting SW ) Mailbox: 'We understood that Richard was victorious at the Battle of Bosworth' By Leicester Mercury  |  Posted: April 04, 2015

I am now in my 90s but lived in Leicester as a teenager. My late husband attended Wyggeston Boys' School from 1933 and was sandwiched between the years of the boys David and Richard Attenborough.

The reason I write is that there were many young people of that time who believed quite a different story about King Richard III and as there has been a lot of interest over the past few months in the matter and now he is properly buried (about which I am very pleased), I would like to know if there are any people still alive who remember the story we were all told.

We understood that Richard was victorious at the Battle of Bosworth. Though he was badly injured he was able to ride his horse back to Leicester (I expect he took the route which then became King Richard’s Road).

They got to the bridge over the River Soar, which then would be the entrance to Leicester. At this point he was so weak, that his spur came into contact with the wall of the bridge, pulling him from his horse. He struck his head and this was where he met his death.

I thought originally there was a small plaque to commemorate the spot where the king took his last breath.

Now, is there anyone who can still remember all this and was it just a tale told to boost up the memory of the king who once stayed in Leicester? I loved this story and still believe it.

Joyce M Dickins, Chesterfield.

BOOK OF DAYS TALES

Bosworth Field Aug 22 2013

Today is the anniversary of the battle of Bosworth Field that ended the Wars of the Roses in England, and inaugurated the Tudor era with the crowning of Henry VII. I’m not big on celebrating battles and am not going to concentrate on the battle itself.  Rather I am interested in the curious relationship between the battle and the recipe for Bosworth Jumbles – a sweet biscuit as well as the discovery of Richard III’s bones in a public car park in Leicester.

Let’s dispense with the battle first. The Wars of the Roses were a series of dynastic wars fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet, the houses of Lancaster and York (whose heraldic symbols were the red and the white rose, respectively), for the throne of England. They were fought most intensely in several sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1485, although there was related fighting both before and after this period. They resulted from the social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years’ War. The final victory went to a relatively remote Lancastrian claimant, Henry Tudor, who defeated the last Yorkist king, Richard III, at Bosworth Field, and married Edward IV’s daughter, Elizabeth of York, to unite the two houses.

If you listen to Shakespeare, Richard III was a thoroughly nasty man, but Shakespeare’s plays are heavily larded with Tudor propaganda. I would be inclined to believe that he was nasty, but not any nastier than most other kings of his era.  He had the habit of killing off claimants to the throne, but hey, who didn’t? However, his implication in the death of his nephews, who were better claimants to the throne than he was, as well as rumors he had killed his wife, unsettled the English nobility. Henry Tudor, exiled in France, seized on Richard’s difficulties to make his own claim on the throne (which was considerably weaker than Richard’s). Henry’s first attempt to invade England was frustrated by a storm in 1483, but at his second attempt he arrived unopposed on 7 August 1485 on the southwest coast of Wales. Marching inland, Henry gathered support as he made for London. Richard mustered his troops and intercepted Henry’s army south of Market Bosworth in Leicestershire. For centuries the exact site of the battle was merely conjectured but in 2010 archaeologists discovered weapons, canonballs, and a silver boar insignia that Richard’s knights wore in a field near Stoke Golding that is the actual site.

Henry’s army was outnumbered by Richard’s about 2 to 1 (10,000 to 5,000), but nonetheless won a decisive victory culminating with Richard’s death. Richard’s circlet (battle crown) was recovered and Henry was crowned king.  Richard’s body was unceremoniously buried in the priory church of Greyfriars monastery, which was located within the city of Leicester, near Leicester cathedral, about 15 miles from the battle site.  Henry had put the body on display in the church for several days and then had it buried in an unmarked grave as a sign of disrespect.

For decades historians and archaeologists had sought to discover the site of the burial.  One of the major problems was determining the exact location of Greyfriars which had been dissolved as a monastery under Henry VIII in 1538, and demolished shortly afterwards. Another was assessing the probability that the body was still there (one narrative said that Richard’s body had been flung in a river).  In August 2012 an archaeological team from the University of Leicester in partnership with the Leicester City Council began digging in a city car park in Leicester basing their location on exhaustive research. The dig was carried out by University of Leicester archaeologists, who uncovered a human skeleton on the first day of work. It soon became apparent that the body was that of a man in his thirties who had suffered multiple wounds from a variety of weapons and had been hurriedly buried in a grave that was too small. The skeleton had a number of unusual physical features, most notably a severe curvature of the back that caused the right shoulder to be higher than the left.

Scientific analysis showed that the man had probably been killed either by a blow from a large bladed weapon that cut off the back of his skull, or by a halberd thrust that penetrated his brain. There were signs of other wounds on the body, which had probably been inflicted as “humiliation injuries” on a corpse that had been stripped of its armor. The bones’ age at death matched the age at which Richard died; they were dated to approximately the period of his death and were mostly consistent with physical descriptions of him. DNA analysis also showed that mitochondrial DNA extracted from the bones matched that of two 17th-generation matrilineal descendants of Richard’s sister Anne of York. Timing was critical. Both of these descendants are old and have no children.

The battle of Bosworth Field is also associated with the recipe for Bosworth Jumbles, a light, sweet, buttery biscuit. Legend has it that these biscuits were the specialty of Richard III’s chef and they were so named because the recipe was found after the battle on the battlefield. The name jumble comes from gemellus, the Latin for ‘twin’ which gives us gimmel ring, a ring with two interlocking parts (often mistakenly called a two-fingered ring). Only the wealthy would have worn such jewelry.

Likewise, only the wealthy could have afforded the sugar to make the jumbles. The first published recipe for Bosworth Jumbles comes from The good Huswifes Jewell by Thomas Dawson (London, 1585).

To make Iombils a hundred.

Take twenty Egges and put them into a pot both the yolkes & the white, beat them wel, then take a pound of beaten suger and put to them, and stirre them wel together, then put to it a quarter of a peck of flower, and make a hard paste thereof, and then with Anniseede moulde it well, and make it in little rowles beeing long, and tye them in knots, and wet the ends in Rosewater, then put them into a pan of seething water, but euen in one waum, then take them out with a Skimmer and lay them in a cloth to drie, this being doon lay them in a tart panne, the bottome beeing oyled, then put them into a temperat Ouen for one howre, turning them often in the Ouen.

I’ve never tried this recipe because I have no confidence I could make it work. Boiling the dough and then baking for an hour (even in a very slow oven) seems like a recipe for disaster without more detailed instructions. But the information that they were tied in “knots” is useful. I’m envisaging something like a pretzel shape to imitate a gimmel ring.  Here’s a modern recipe. These days Bosworth Jumbles are usually “S” shaped, but interlocking rings or knots would make a good talking point with friends.

Bosworth Jumbles

Ingredients: 12 oz. (350 g.) self-raising flour 8 oz. (225 g.) caster sugar8 oz. (225 g.) butter 1 egg1 teaspoon almond essence (Ade in Britain- Ade grated in rind of 1 lemon as well)

Might try making some for our May meeting Sue

Instructions:

Preheat the oven to 350°F/180°C

Mix the flours and sugar together, and rub in the butter with the fingertips until the mixture looks like breadcrumbs.  Or you can use a food processor for this step. Pulse the mixture 8 to 10 times.

Stir in the egg and almond essence, and knead for about 1 minute until the mixture forms a smooth dough.

Roll the dough to make a sheet about 3 mm thick and cut into pieces about 5 inches (13 cm) wide. Cut strips about ¾ inches (2 cm) wide and shape them into knots or interlocking rings or s shape.

Place the jumbles on a greased and floured baking sheet well spaced out so that they will not run together while baking. Bake in the pre-heated oven for about 10 minutes, giving them a quarter turn after 5-7 minutes if necessary so that they all bake evenly.

Yield: 24

And now for something else.

  Rings of Passage By: Karla Tipton

A Time Travel Novel with Richard III  Published: 23rd November 2013

Australian cover per Booktopia UK cover per Book depository

Twenty-first century actress Anise Wynford stumbles down the porch steps of her farmhouse in Massachusetts and into the nightmare of a raging battlefield of armour and sword fighting. When she later awakens in a medieval forest in the presence of a gallant white knight, their connection is immediate. Concerned for her safety, the knight carries her to his castle. Her knight turns out to be King Richard III, the villain of Shakespeare's most famous play, in which Anise had been performing that very night. The truth dawns that she has been transported through time by a ring - a magical ring

- she had found hidden in her late father's house. As Anise navigates the complex rules of politics and etiquette in the king's court, she falls in love with Richard and he with her. But Anise knows Richard is destined to die in the Battle of Bosworth Field. If Anise chooses to save his life, she will alter the course of history. As Anise becomes drawn into the struggle between York and Lancaster, circumstantial evidence stacks up against her, and she is arrested for plotting against the king. With no other choice, she confesses to Richard she comes from a future century. The king accuses her of witchcraft and treason, and orders her into the custody of the duplicitous and lecherous Lord Stanley, who convinces her she will be executed unless she sleeps with him. As Stanley conspires against the king to put his nephew Henry Tudor on the throne, Anise learns that her trip through time was part of a magical plot by dark wizards to overthrow Richard. Can Anise escape her death sentence, and save Richard from his tragic destiny on the battlefield? After the way he turned on her, does she want to?

Fiction » Romance, Science Fiction

Whatever next?