Philippine Magazine April, 1940 Vol. XXXVII

8/13/2019 Philippine Magazine April, 1940 Vol. XXXVII

1/40

P H I L I P P I N EM A G A Z I N E

C O M B I N E D W I T H P R O M E N A D E

V O L . X X X V I I A P R I L , 1940 N o. 4 (384)

V& *#

THE GREAT OUTDOORS

CO NOSON

Ga v i n o R e y e s C o n g s on

T h i r t y C en t a v o s t h e C o p y T h r ee Pesos th e Yea r


2/40

W a lk In S a fe ty

Light Your Way

With The Friendly

Dependable Light Of

Your E v e r e a d yN

IGHT after nightyour friendly Eveready

will save you the inconvenience of stumbling

along in the dark. Its penetrating light may save

you from injury or its blinding flash may frighten

away night prowlers who would steal your property.

For Safety sake you need the protection and

friendly aid of the light from your Eveready.

Convenient and safe, it saves time and trouble.

T?VEREADY light cannot cause fires or explo-

sions. The strongest wind and rain cannot

dim this light. Be prepared for any of the numerous

emergencies that may arise, by always having your

Eveready at hand.

K eep y ou r f l a sh l i g h t l o a d ed w i t h g en u i n e E v e-

r ea d y Cel l s. T h ey a r e t h e b est f l a sh l i g h t b a t t e r i es

m a d eg i v e l o n g ser v i c e b r i g h t e st l i g h t . T h ey

a r e ea si l y i d en t i f i ed b y t h e d i st i n c t i v e r ed a n d b l u e

l a b el a n d t h e E v er ea d y t r a d em a r k .

A t A l l Dea l er s


3/40

P H I L I P P I N E

MAGA Z I N EC O M B I N E D W I T H P R O M E N A D EA . V . H . H a r t e n d o r p , E d i t o r a n d P u b l i sh er

VOL . X X X V I I CON TE N TS F OR AP RI L , 1940 No. 4 (384)

The Cover:

The Great Outdoors.....................................................................Gavino Reyes Congson. .. Cover

Philippine E conomic Condi ti ons.........................................................p au 2 p. Steintorf 124

News Summary.......................................................................................... ^5

Editorials:

H itlers Second Fatal Blunder The Phil ippines and Pan-

AmericanismAnti-Semitism in the Phi lippines The

Security of Property and the Person ............................. ...The E ditor ................ 131-133

Go to Spanish America, Mr. P resident............................................Adrian Got 133

Latin America in a Warring World.

.

............................................ ...Wilbur Burton........... 134The Baby (S tory)...................................................................................N . V. M . Gonzalez!! ! ! 136

Bats under the M oon (V erse)............................................................Maximo Ramos....................... 137

The Banaue Rice Terraces............................................................... ...W. S. B oston....................... ' 13g

Aleph, the C ar ..................................................................................... ...pura Santil lan-Castrence____ 139

The Silver-inlaid Chowpot (S tory)................................................. ...Henry Phil ip Broad 140

Tropic Serenade (Verse)........................................................................Soledad R. J uan........... ' 141

Pr isoners Paradise (San Ramon Penal F ar m)............................. ...Stanley and Kenneth Nobbs 142

In the Shadows I Think of H er (Verse)....................................... ...Conrado V. P edroche.... 143

The China Incident ...........................................................................L in Y u ...................... 144

The Higher L ife................................................................................... ...Catuca....................... ............ 145

Ca p i t a n Palmon and the M oro P ir ates....................................... ...Beato A. de la Cruz l 46

Rose of Pampanga (V erse)..................... .............................. ...............J ohn H Brown.....................' 14gRules of the Commonwealth L iterary Contests....................................... ^

Four oClock in the E ditors Office...............................................

E n t e r e d a t t h e M a n i l a P o s t O f f i ce a s S ec o n d C l a ss M a i l M a t t e r

ED I T OR I AL AN D B USINESS OFF ICES

Uy Y et Building, 217 Dasmarinas, Manila

P. O. B os 2466, Telephone 4-93-76

Subscription rates: P3.00 in the Philippines, P6.00 (S3.00) elsewhere. The Magazine w i l l be stopped at the

expiration of a subscription unless otherwise ordered. When informing the Publisher of a change in address

please give the old address as well as the new. Remittances should be made by money order. Advertising rateswill be furnished on application.

Co p y r i g h t , 1 94 0, b y A . V . H . H a r t e n d o r p . A l l R i g h t s R e se r v e d .

123


4/40


5/40

A p r i l , 19 40 P H I L I P P I N E M A G A Z I N E 125

Alvero, young lawyer who obtained 11th place inast city elections for Board.M a r . 6 . Secretary Vargas announces El izalde &

ompany will pay P i ,273,400 for S. S. M a y on , xtra P 73.400 covering cost of impr ovements made

n ship by government.M a r . 7 . Secretary Vargas, with reference to

riticism in Congress, states Commonwealth government has been and is very careful in appropriations

f oil-tax r efunds, bearing constantly i n min d restricons Congress placed on their use.M a r . 8 . F loor L eader Qui ntin P aredes on floor

f Assembly attacks policy of A gricultural and In ustrial Bank criticizes Secretary of Agriculture andommerce Benigno A quin o for receiving per diemss Chairman and Director of Bank Board.

M a r . 9 . President Quezon in letter to Speakeros6 Y ul o states that ulti mate responsibil ity formatters affecting executive must rest with me and

while I welcome all ju st and sound criticism, it ismy conviction th at publi c interest wil l best be servedf members of Assembly were to afford Chief E xective opportunity to explain or correct executivects before launching any attacks against his ad

mini strati on. H e states as to per diem payments,fficials concerned received no per diems for overmonths and that after Auditor-General and Secre

ary of J usti ce expressed opinion this could be done,e ordered payment. Aqu ino points out Bank wasrganized only l ast August and is stil l in process ofrganization.Secretary of Nati onal Defense Teofi lo Sison states

uspension of J uly, 1940, trainee class wil l markutting down of number of trainees each year from0,000 to 20,000. We want to save for futuremergencies.M a r . 1 0 .Reported that Washington economic

dvisers have refused to r ecommend P resident F rankn D . R oosevelts approval of Phil ippine Reserveank law passed by Assembly last year, as senti

ment is against any change in Phil ippine curr encyystem that may affect countrys credit.

Pr esident Paul M onroe of World Federation ofducational Associations announces he is delighted

o accept invitation extended by President Quezono hold annual convention in M anila thi s August.

Gr oup of 1000 educators will sail on J uly 1, probablyn S. S. A m er i c a ,to be chartered for trip.M a r . 11 . Par edes states his criti cisms were aimed

t Secretary and not at President and that if latterwere aware of all circumstances of incident, he would

D*M*CREGISTEREDTRADEMARK

T H E P L E A SU R E OFCR OCH E T W OR K is doubledby the use of these soft, glossy

cottons, whose unequalled brilliance remains after repeatedwashings. L aces and trimmingsof great distinction can be madewith these beautiful threads.

not have written his letter. O ut of respect for Hi sE xcell ency, I shall n ot comment on letter, but sendhim full account for his information . SpeakerY ul o writes Pr esident expressing regret at incidentbut that remarks were made on spur of moment incourse of interpellations in connection with N ationalT obacco Corporation bi ll ; he states t hat many members of Assembly, including himself, do not agreewith construction placed by legal officers on charterof Agricultural and Industrial Bank permitting payment of per diems to government officials and thatAssembly last F riday unanimously adopted amendment making this clear.

M a r . 13 . I n brush between Constabulary andsome 150 people illegally engaged, in spite of courtwarning, in cutting mangrove trees on privately

owned swamp land at mouth of river at Tamban,H ermosa, Bataan, leads to shooting and kil li ng of 2men, serious wounding of several others, and drowning of unknown number; one Constabulary privatewas injur ed. L azaro Vi ray was kill ed and VicenteV ir ay is among wounded, both brothers of ZacariasVi ray recently kill ed by police of M asantol. B othsides claim other side started shooting.

M a r . 1 4. Adm. T . C . H art states at Cebu thatAsiatic Fleet of U. S. N avy will remain in Far E astafter P hil ippine independence in 1946 as necessaryfor protection of American interests.

Corporal A . Abejueta, who shot and kil led Lieut.M . C astro in Panitan, Capiz, training camp, is sentenced to 50 years imprisonment by general courtmartial of Sixth M ili tary Di strict, first trial of itskind.

M a r . 1 5. Assem. J . S. Alano (Zamboanga) insubmitting committee report, charges AssociatedSteamship L ines wit h charging exorbitant freightrates on Philippine exports, strangling to trade, andrecommends establishment of Philippine merchantmarine, and, pending this, chartering of ships by thenational companies.

T he U ni ted StatesFeb . 15. J ames Roosevelt, son of P resident

F ranklin D. Roosevelt, files suite for divorce; someobservers express belief this means President hasdecided not to run for third term.

F eb . 76.~H ouse passes $995,772,878 naval appropriation bill, including amendment eliminating$1,000,000 Guam harbor improvement item. Observers believe J apanese attit ude had li ttle influenceon vote on amendment. Rep. K . Hi ll stated UnitedStates undoubtedly has right to fortify Guam, butthat i t would be folly to do so. Rep. J . P. R ichards, author of amendment, contended it was notto public interest to build another Gibraltar orSingapore amidst 1000 J apanese mandated i slands .Rep. E . V. I zac (Cali fornia) stated, however, U nited States has exhausted trade possibil iti es in A tlantic; our whole future lies in P acific.

M ayor E . J . K elley of Chicago announces thatI ll inois 58 delegates wil l vote for renomination ofRoosevelt wi th or wi thout his sanction. O therleaders have made statements indicating third-termdraft movement is under way.

F eb . 17. F o r t u n e s round-table discussion attended by A dm. W . H. Standley and Gen. Frank R .

M cCoy, $nd leaders of organized labor, finance,industry, and journalism, reported to have come todecision that U nit ed States should refuse, to recognize J apans new order and help C hina by loansand embargo against J apan. A lso concluded thatPh ili ppines is strategic point in holding back J apanssouthward expansion and to control Strait Settlements and Netherlands I ndies, seizure of whichwould make J apan one of worlds greatest and mostdangerous powers, seriously menacing also WesternH emisphere, especial ly i f it formed alli ance witha victorious Germany. T he conference advisedthat should Philippine government take initiativein reopning question, U nited States should postponewithdrewal from Philippines until more favorableinternational situation exists.

F eb . 18 .President Roosevelt arrives at Cristobal, Panama, on cruiser T u s c a l o o s a and inspectscanal defenses.

Under-Secretary of State Sumner Welles andM yron C. T aylor, the latter the Presidents representative at the V atican, sail for E urope.

Adm. H . E . Y arnell (r et.) advocates embargoagainst J apan as it ju st doesnt make any sensethat we should send money and medical supplies

to C hina to relieve suffering caused by J apaneseaggression and at seme time send materials formaking war to J apan. H e states Phi lippines is indubious position and that present American forcesin Ori ent are insufficient to defend I slands. In

Use Mercolized Wax

A Favorite Beauty Cream

the World Over

M er coli zed W ax Cream servesmore than one purpose in skin care.I t is a cleanser, softener, l ubri cantand clarifier. Whatever the climate,no matter the season or the localit y,M ercoli zed Wax C ream will rise tothe need of the moment. I ts versati li ty is amazing. F or over a quarter

centur y M ercoli zed W ax Cream hasbeen a favorite beautifier to millionsof lovely women the world over.U se M ercoli zed W ax Cream to bringout the hidden beauty of your skin.

Scld at all cosmetic ccunters.

Pro t e ct i n g Food - Dr i n k

No w Gre a t l y En r i ch ed !

FOR the sake of your babys development as well as your own healthyour diet should be extra rich in certainprotective factors, before baby comes an dwhil e you are nursing him .

That is why so many women everywhereare including new, improved Ovalt ine intheir daily diet.

Ovalt ine is a food, high in nutritivevalue . . . extremely easy to digest. Recently, in the light of latest scientificknowledge, it has been greatly enriched inthe precious, protective Vitamins andMinerals that this famous food-drink hasalways contained. These are Vitamins A,B, D and G . . . and the Minerals, Calcium, Phosphorus and Iron. New Ovalt ine,scientifically standardized, furnishes moreof these valuable Minerals and Vitaminsthan ever before.

Ovalt ine also provides quick-acting energy in a form that gets into the bloodstream very rapidly. And aids in the digestion of starchy foods . . . thus lighteningthe digestive burden.

Add Ovalt ineto your diet now, to giveyour baby a better start in life, and tohelp protect your own health. I t makes adelicious drink, prepared easily with eitherplain or evaporated milk.

M A IL COUPON

Ed. A. Kelle r & Co., Ltd., Dept. 6-1178 Juan Luna, Manila

Please send a tri al tin of Ova l t i n e .

I enclose P. 10 to cover handling and

mail ing.

N a m e .............................................................

Ad dress .........................................................

Town ........................................................

can be procured from all art needleworkstores. I f difficult to obtain, wri te t o.....................

F. E. ZU E L L I G, IN C., P. O. B. 604, M A N I L A

Vitali v e M f c

NURSINGMOTHERS


6/40

126 P H I L I P P I N E M A G A Z I N E A p r i l , 1 9 4 0

PHILIPPINEEDUCATIONCO.Your Headquarters

For

SOCIAL STATIONERY

Beautiful writing paper and envelopes in assorted colors

packed in distinctive boxes.

Cards, wrapping paper and ribbon for any occasion.

BridesBirthdays

Favorite Poets

Recipes

MEMORY BOOKS

for

FriendsChildren

Snap Shots

Diary Keepers

GuestsTravelers

Clippings

COMMERCIAL SECTION

A complete line of office supplies.

MAGAZINES

A large selection of the leading latest magazines.

Subscription taken for most magazines published,

EVERSHARP PENCILS, PENS AND DESK SETS

To suit the need of the careful buyer.

CANDY SECTION

Famous Helen Ardelle Chocolates:

Mints Brazil Nuts

Assorted Chocolates Fruit & Nut

BOOKS

What subjects are you interested in? Do you know that

we can obtain for you any book in print? Merely send us

a postal card or letter and we will be glad to answer any of

your book problems.

PHILIPPINEEDUCATIONCO., INC.Ground Floor 101 Escolta Manila

event of war we would have to fall back on H awaiiand Phi lippines might easily be captured, but retention of I slands by J apan would depend on outcomeof war which would probably be long drawn out testof endurance'.

United States Li nes sells 8 idle American ships toa Belgian firm, retaining a minor interest.

F e b . 1 9 . Report adopted by majori ty of 200-manRepublican committee headed by Glen F rank, ispublished. I t denounces violations of internationallaw and sanctity of treaties in Far E ast and elsewhere, calls for str ict enforcement of M onroe D octrine, advocates adequate defense force on land, air,and sea, and declares, we must avoid all commi tments and courses of action which might involveus in other peoples wars. I t asks for return to

fixed gold standard and brands Roosevelts pump-priming* a failure. I t attacks huge federal expenditures proposing 20% cut with view to balancingbudget in 1942. I t advocates curtailment of largefederal relief outlays, suggesting relief administration be returned to individual states which wouldbear most of cost.

F e b . 20 Secretary of State Cordell H ull in dicates to press U nited States is not planni ng earlyini tiati ve toward solution of differences with J apan,stating he has nothing new in mind at present on thisphase of U nit ed States foreign affairs.

Securi ty Commissioner P. V. M cN utt states inRichmond, Virginia, that national income rose from$42,000,000,000 in 1933 to $72,000,000,000 in 1937,and that estimates for 1940 range between $75,000,-000,000 and $80,000,000,000.

Sen. G. P . N ye tells press that embargo againstJ apan would be direct incitement to war "and warnsthat current flow of muniti ons to E urope is preludeto American credit extension to warring nations andinvolvement would foll ow. H e compares Wellesmission to t hat of C olonel H ouse during Wilsonsadministration and states, We are walking sameroad as we did in 1915; i t i s uncanny how closeparallel is. W. R . Castle, Under-Secretary ofState under Pr esident H oover, opposes embargoagainst J apan as insult to basicall y friendly nationwhich might result in formal declaration of war byJ apan against Chi na, thereby legalizing blockade ofChina, J apanese alliance with Russia and G ermany,and subsequent naval action against Britain inOrient and retaliatory action against American livesand property. As for war, what in heavens namecould war between Un ited States and J apan accomplish? A t end what? A prostrated J apan, a bol-shevized C hina, surely a ruined Phi li ppines, and verypossibl y the European war l ost by the democracies .R oy W . H oward, publisher, states he believes anti-

J apanese embargo at present unwise and unnecessary as well as prejudi cial to early peace. J apanesestatesmen are not stupid. N ow they know American tolerance has been extended to breaking point,they will not force embargo issue. I f smart cop isknown to have good gun, he seldom has to use it.

WhitensThe Skin, Secretly and Qu ickly

La Crema Bella Aurora is a wonderful skin bleach. Your mirrorwill truthfully tell you of its beautifying virtues. After the use of asingle jar you will have a lighter-toned complexion and a lovelier and softer-textured skin so desiredby all women who give thought tofacial charm.

RemovesF reckles

WhitensThe Skin


7/40

p r i l , 19 40 P H I L I P P I N E M A G A Z I N E 127

F e b . 2 1 . Learned from reliable sources thatS. airmail was removed from Pan-American Cl ip

r at Bermuda by threat of force when Captain ofsbon-bound plane refused to surrender it on J anry 18.According to American I nstitute of Publi c Opi on poll, 17% of Americans would oppose armedervention by U nited States even i f Germany isfeating Bri tain and France; last September, 56%Americans answered no ; last October, 71%.F e b . 2 2 .M cNu tt in Ok lahoma Ci ty speech,acks leading Republican presidential candidatesE . Dewey, A. H . Vandenberg, R . A . T aft, andGannett, as quar tet of croakers and states

osevelt admini stration saved nation from chaoscoast of $8,000,000,000, bri nging back many timesat amount in additional wealth to country. R eblicans have short memory, or they wouldnt

k of bankruptcy.Fe b . 2 3 . State Depart ment declares no reportsve been received of any force used or threatened

connection with removal of mail from plane atrmuda and that protest of American Consul theres made on his own authori ty . Despite thisnouncement and statement of Bermuda authores report is nonsense, Senate is roused and someembers urge drastic action. H ouse passes billending State Departments reciprocal trade agreent program 3 more years by vote of 216 to 168.use banking and currency committee approvesto increase working capital of E xport and Import

nk by $100,000,000 by vote of 18 to 5; increaseuld permit new loans to Chi na and loan to F ind.

Department of Commerce estimates nationalome in 1939 was $68,500,000,000, gain of 7% er 1938, but $3,000,000,000 under 1937, peak-yearN ew Deal, and $14,000,000,000 under 1929 record.Fe b . 2 4 .H ull tells press that status of embargos is such that issue could easily become active onort notice. Observers state he does not wishbargo powers immediately because he might notable logically to resist public demand for drastic

plication.Sir Vi ctor Sassoon, Bri tish S hanghai financier,tes in N ew York th at J apan will eventually seekace with China and will realize Russia and notna is its real enemy. Russia also will prove

tains greatest foe, not Germany, he states.F e b . 2 5. Amb. J . P. K ennedy sails back to E ngd, tell ing press he believes Un ited States can

ep out of the war.an-American A irways announces that Clippersomit stop at Bermuda after M arch 15.

F e b . 26 .H ull pleads for extension of trade recicity program before Senate committee where

werful group of western senators are said to beming bloc to defeat measure or at least requirenate rati fication of future trade agreements. Hetes that at termination of war there will be uncedented need throughout world for vastly inased production of useful goods of every kind

d that this vital need can be met only if Americantains position of leadership in promoting liberal

de policies as against totali tarianism . H eounces view that U nited States should merelyend own seacoasts and disregard rest of world,this would mean relinquishment of ocean highys to most lawless elements in world . Senate

eats H . C . L odge amendment t o State Depar tnt appropriation bill which would have withheldds to pay salary of Ambassador t o M oscow; simiamendment was defeated in H ouse two weeks.

Ar izona Indians in pr oclamation signed by 4 chiefs use of swastika which after it has been con

ered for centuries as symbol of friendship by ourestors, has been profained by another nation.eP : 2 7 . Supreme Court di smisses appeal ofnicipal councils of San I ldefonso and San R afael,acan, Phi li ppines, in land suit against San J uanDi os Hospi tal ; reported reconsideration will beed.

M aj. -Gen. Wi ll iam Graves dies, aged 74; servedPhil ippin es as early as 1899 and commandederican E xpediti onary F orces in Siberia in 1918-20.e b . 2 8 .Pr esident R oosevelt aboard U . S. S.

n g tells newsmen he is doubling present numberguns and planes defending P anama Canal andt defense operations may extend, i f necessary,oughout C entral America as far south as Ecua-i Colombia, and Venezuela. H e states letterles carried to Pr emier B enito M ussolin i wassonal and unofficial.

ouse approves Expor t and I mport B ank billh amendment permitting borrowers of fundsm Bank to purchase commercial airplanes.

2 9.H ull discloses to press that Americanomatic representatives are conferring with for governments with view to preventing forces of

archy, regimentation, and economic totalitarianfrom getting control after war.

enate approves H ouse-amended E xport andort Bank bill.a r . 1 . Pr esident Roosevelt instructs Chairmane J ones of Reconstru ction F inance Corporat ionrepare to extend non-mil itar y credits to F inl and;es announces E xport and I mport Bank has a ll ot$20,000,000 to F inl and, $15,000,000 to Swe and $10,000,000 to N orway, making no mentionny loan to China.cNu tt in statement to A s s o c i a t e d P r e ss de

es there is very great likelihood of Phil ippinependence being delayed. I am satisfied that i fi nos only ask for revision of I ndependence Act,ed States would give request serious considera Request must come from Phil ippines, but Isure it wi ll be forthcomin g. I have sounded

question in heart of American beet-sugar centersiddl e West and cane-sugar areas in F lori da and

siana places where I expected severe opposi and found people all sympathetic with ideaetaining American sovereignty over I slands.erbert H oover, appearing before House foreignrs committee, states Europe will be starvation after war and urges appropriation of $20,000,-

000 as start toward general relief program, also discussing possibilities of establishing centralized reliefadministration in P oland; in reply to question, hestates he sees no practicable way of administratingsimilar relief in China.

Y arnell in letter to Sen. L . Schwellenbach, urgesembargo of war material shipments to Orient, declaring this would not mean war as such would besuicidal for J apan. In civil l ife it has been foundappeasement does not work in dealing with lawbreakers and gun-men .. . We face uncertain anddangerous future if democrati c nations of Europeand China are defeated in present wars.

M a r . 2 . Pr esident Roosevelt signs E xport-I m-port Bank bill.

M cN utt characterizes report of Republican C ommittee of 200 as brass beneath the gli tter andstates it reeks wi th nostalgia for the pre-New Dealera and actually advocates return to normalcy of1932, I presume, of course, wi thout apple venders .

M a r . 4. Sen. E Thomas introduces bill authorizing Export-I mport Bank to redistribute amongworl ds solvent nat ions the $18,166,000,000 worthof gold now held by United States to prevent collapse of monetary systems of nations now fast losingall their gold.

Six huge U . S. N avy bombers leave Honolulu forroutine flight to Mi dway and Wake and return.

4 Archduke Otto von Hapsburg on 3-week visitto Uni ted States, declares in B alti more that thereis no question but that Germans will lose warmoral factors alone make all ied victor y certain .H e is reported studying American constitutionalsystem as model for post-war central E uropean federation which he states will come automaticallyafter the war .

M a r . 5 .J apanese E mbassy in W ashington issuesstatement that many points of disagreement withthird powers in China are being cleared up whichshould allay misapprehension that J apan willdeliberately drive foreign interests out of China. Damages have been accidental and un intentional,and restrictions are no more than temporary and will

be removed as matter of course with conclusion ofmilitary action.Sen. R . R . R eynolds drafts resolution asking Pres

ident to negotiate with Britain for acquisition ofislands in western hemisphere as part payment ofdefaulted war debt; resolution mentions Bermudas,Bahamas, J amaica, T rini dad, Tobago, Barbadoes,Grenada, Gr enadines, St. L ucia, St. V incent, andBritish Honduras.

Reps. F . L . C rawford and J . G. A lexander chargePhil ippin es is spending excise tax refunds recklesslyand suggest some of money be used for U . S. H ighCommissi oner. Alexander states Uni ted Statesshould either cut out talk of givin g Phi lippinesindependence or pursue businesslike course. H edeclares U nited States officials are afraid of J apanand, in consequence, are playi ng fast and loose withPh il ippines. H e predicts Unit ed States will be atwar or in situation close to war within 15 to 18months.

M a r . 6 . Administr ation officials reported to

have welcomed J apanese Embassy statement. Saidthat Senate foreign relations committee has agreedin formall y to defer action on anti-J apanese embargobills at indirect suggestion of the administration.

M a r . 7 . H ouse appoints sub-committee to studypossibility of purchasing Cocos and Galapagos islands, of strategic importance in defense of PanamaCanal.

S. S. Q u een E l i z a b et h , 85,000 tons, reachesAmerica on secret voyage from E ngland t o escapehazards of war, and docks beside sister-ship Qu ee n M a r y and French liner N o r m a n d i e which havebeen at anchor in N ew Y ork H arbor since outbreakof war. E l i z a b e t h was protected by steel chains

Baby BrownieS P E C I A L

Styli sh, streamlined, bright fittings. New

spy-glass finder, convenient handle and

plunger shutter-release. A simple, splendid

snapshot maker.

By mail, with one roll fil ms - - - - F3.55

G e t i t t o d a y a t t h e

CAMERA SUPPLY CO.138 Escolta M anila

SAVE ON YOUR OFFICE EQUIPMENT!Use the best lines in office appliances at moderate prices.

M odel C

* F I L I N G C A BI N E T S* UN DE RW OOD & ROY AL 100% Rebuilt

Typewriters* O F F I C E S U PP L I E S* COPY H OLDE RS, etc.

t i tB U Y A,

"PlasterG r a t U '* _______FACTORY REMANUFACTURED|

jjNDERWOOD

H E Y E RDuplicator& Supplies

The latest creation inspeed and accuracyat a moderate price.

Leading a new line of StencilDuplicator to cover the low pricefield, the E CON OM Y M ODE LC Lettergraph shown above isequipped to automatically feedpost cards, half sheets and letterand legal size paper.

Ask f o r a demonst r a t i o n a t ou r

O F F I C E E Q U I P M E N T d i sp l a y r oom .

Attractive Discounts to Dealers

P H I L I P P I N E E D U C A T I O N C O . , I N C .(Exclusive Distributors)

Escolta Tel. 2-35-37 Manila


8/40

128 P H I L I P P I N E M A G A Z I N EA p r i l , 1 9 4 0

and under naval convoy and sailed at full speed allthe way. The three ships are largest in world.

Phil ippine Resident C ommissioner J . M . E lizaldetells I n t er n a t i o n a l N e w s S er v i c e that only pandemonium in Pacific can alter Philippine will f orcomplete independence in 1946. (See editori al,M arch Phili ppine Magazine.)

M a r . 8 .Pr esident R oosevelt, denying currentrumors, states he had received no request to mediateRusso-Fi nn war. _

E xport -I mport B ank al locates $20,000,000 loanto Chi na for buying road-building machinery, trucks,medical supplies, and other for non-military purposeswhich China expects to repay largely in tin andtung-oil . A ll ocation of $10,000,000 to Denmark

and $1,000,000 to Iceland al so announced.Edwin M arkham, author of poem, The M an with

the H oe , dies in N ew Y ork, aged 87.M a r . 10 . Sen. K . Pi ttman in radio-cast urges

30-day armistice in both E uropean wars to permitneutral states to offer services in working out settlement. H e reveals President sent Welles to ascertain confidentially attitude of warring powers, theirobjectives, and, if possible, some formula that mightbe foundati on for fur ther American efforts to bringabout cessation of war and adjustment of controversies. H e bitterly criticizes Russia and J apan fortheir aggressions, statin g F inl and was invaded wi thout excuse, Scandinavia has been threatened withextermination by two powerful sources, and Chinais being destroyed by J apan. Situation in Asia isimproving, however, he states, because it has becomeapparent J apan can not conquer China and cost ofinvasion has already destroyed J apans monetaryand economic systems.

M a r . 11 . Supreme Court refuses to review appeal of W. P . Buckner and W . J . Gillespie.

M a r . 12 . H ouse approves $800,000,000 navalexpansion bill . Rep. C. Vinson states, L et E uropeknow we can speak language of force i f necessary .

Afar. 13. President Roosevelt states ending ofRu sso-F inn war does not clari fy right of smallnations to maintain their integrity against attackby superior force. Spread of force jeopardizes rightsof mankind to self-government . Sen. G. W . Nor ris states settlement is new victory for ty ranny .Sen. B . C . C lark states it was their business, notours. Pi ttman states criticism is of no avail; itis none of our business . J ones states remainder ofloan to Finl and will be used for rehabilit ation work.

Other Countries

F eb . 16 .Foreign Mini ster H . Ari ta in Diet admits hopelessness of concluding new commercialtreaty wi th U nited States but r ejects suggestionsthat attempt be abandoned, stating only advisablemove at present is to prevent relations from becoming worse. H ankow H er a l d states message of P opePi us X I I to E mperor H irohi to expressing hopes forpeace wil l prove futi le as E mperor is just anotherpuppet.

Bloodiest 10 miles on earth reported taken byRussians, but Mannerheim line is 60 miles long.Helsinki official communique admits Russians havepenetrated F inn positions east of Summa and at

other points. Swedish Pr ime M inister P. A. H ans-son emphasizes Sweden desires to maintain strictneutrality though maximum humanitarian aid willbe sent.

Reported Pope has sent new peace messages topowers. Br itish B ishop who recently visited himsaid to have told him B ritish believe It alys intervention against Russia would aid in establishing peace.

K ing Boris swears in new Cabinet succeeding thatwhich resigned yesterday reportedly over questionof Bulgarias relations with Russia.

F eb . 17.J apanese squadrons bomb Indo-ChmaY unnan rai lway for 5th time.

British destroyer Cossack reported to have attacked German ship A l t m a r k , former supply shipof G r a f S p ee in J ossing fiord and removed B ri

tish seamen-prisoners taken from merchantmensunk by the Spee. Norwegian government protestsagainst violation of neutrality of its waters. Swedens foreign office spokesman states no foreigntroops will ever receive permission to traverse Sweden; believed atti tude of Scandinavian countri eswill prevent Bri tain and F rance from sending troopsto F inland.

Official C en t r a l D a i l y N e w s (Chungking) statesCh ina wi ll negotiate peace once J apan observesN ine-P ower Tr eaty and abandons aggression.Chi nese claim 30,000 J apanese have been ki ll ed inpast 2 weeks in Nanning area. Special engineeringsquads keep F rench-owned I ndo-Chin a-Y unnanrail way open and F rench sources state bombing

alone will prove ineffective in cutting this tradeartery.

M oscow communique states offensive launchedFebruary 9 has been increasingly successful, that 51points on M annerheim line have been captured, allof them of reenforced concrete, that Russian forcesare within 12 miles of Vipuri, and that large groupsof F inn soldiers, misled men of Baron M annerheimand his bosses, the L ondon bankers , are surrendering. Bar on Mannerheim urges new efforts be made,stating foreign help is arriving.

Reported that A l t m a r k was run aground and 7Germans killed in fighting that followed; 299 Britishprisoners were taken from ship. Br itish A dmiraltyannounces that on February 16, on Admi ral ty orders,British cruiser took charge of German supply shipA l tm a r k in a Norwegian fiord and took aboardsome Bri tish citizens, after which cruiser l eft N orwegian waters; acti on was necessary because N orwegian government failed to discover British prisoners on board who had lived for months under terribleconditions, and permitted ship to leave Bergen withthem still on board. Norwegian government states2 small torpedo boats escorting A l t m a r k yielded toforce as British cruiser and 5 destroyers were involv

ed in incident, and that it has protested against thisclear violat ion of its territorial waters. Germanpress asserts situation imposes on neutrals duty todecide whether or not E ngland can assume rights,step by step, leading to destruction of freedom andsovereignty of northern states; act reveals txuenature of Briti sh solicitude for rights of neutrals .German government announces that U -boats wil lhenceforth conduct unrestricted warfare againstBri tish and F rench ships; assuming that ail B ritishships will be armed, they will be treated as warshipsand sunk without warning. Thi s will not applyto neutral ships unless they are under enemy convoyor entering Anglo-F rench ports. F irst L ord of Admiralt y, W. Churchill, recently announced that allallied ships will be armed in future.

F e b 1 9 . Foreign Office spokesman states J apanhas made its final offer to remedy non-treatystatus with United States and that situation is veryserious. We have done everythi ng within ourpower to ameliorate situation by making last definitegesture of friendship and are now awaiting next moveof United States. Generalisimo Chiang Kai-shekreiterates hie no compromise, no surrender standand declares, W e are 100% sure of final vi ctory .

Finns claim to have annihilated Russian 18thdivision northeast of L ake Ladoga, ending drive toencircle Lake and attack M annerheim L ine fromrear. K ing Gustav states in proclamation: w ehave always given maximum voluntary aid to F inland, but I feel sure that active mili tary interventionwould mean not only war against Russia but immediate involvement in a great war with other powers .

Foreign Secretary L ord H alifax demands A l t m a r k be interned as armed v e s s e l and demands N orwayexplain why N orwegian search of ship failed to revealpresence of Bri tish prisoners aboard. German officials deny ship is armed, stating crewmen carriedonly pistols for police purposes. Anger and tearreportedly sweeping Scandinavian countries over

affair, press stating that M onroe Doctrine for Scandinavia might have averted it. Stockholm T i d - n i n g e n states incident shows how great powers arestill intending to extend their war to our smallerneutral countries and that only way to avert this isto stick to our own power i f we have any. Scandinavia stands in middle of fight and on verge of trialthat may decide our whole future. Oslo A f t e n - p o s t e n states En gland based action on decisionthat N orway as small nation could be dismissed fromconsideration; deplorable to think that even Britainbelieves might, not right, is decisive . B elgianL i b r e B e l g i q u e states There is nothing in commonbetween British warship attacking armed Germanship secretly taking prisoners of war through neutral

waters, and German submarine torpedoing Dutchship saili ng between neutral ports . F rench opinionsupports British action in A l t m a r k case. Washi ngton circles reported to believe action was justified.

German submarine sinks British destroyer D a r i n g and 9 officers and 148 men said to be missing; this isfifth destroyer sunk since beginning of war. B

Turk ish Cabinet invokes national defense lawgiving it practically dictatorial powers.

F e b . 2 0 . Foreign Mini ster H . K oht states Norway violated no international convention when itallowed A l t m a r k to use its territorial waters andthat government was not obliged to search ship sinceit flew German government service flag as distinguished from naval and merchant flags; Captain ofship refused permission to N orwegian marine stationto search ship; N orway is prepared to submit matterto L eague of Nations. Speakers in N orway Parli ament state there is no international law forbiddingbelligerent powers from conducting prisoners throughneutral waters. Captain of A l t m a r k states shipwas unarmed and that any statement that we firedon Bri tish is sheer lie. Reported Norwegian government will permit A l t m a r k to depart wheneverGermany so desires. Pr ime M ini ster N eville Chamberlain praises rescue of British prisoners on A l t

m a r k , and declares that statement of Foreign M in ister K oht makes action or inaction of Norway government even more difficult to understand than wehad previously supposed. We had imagined thatN orwegian authori ties had conducted some examination of A l t m a r k and our complaint was that thishad been done so perfunctorily it did not reveal presence of Br iti sh prisoners aboard. I t now appearsthat N orwegian authorities conducted no examination of ship at all. I find it difficult under circumstances to resist conclusi on that N orwegian authorities have displayed complete indifference as to usewhich might be made of their waters by Germanfleet. Bri tish naval circles maintain that Germansinitiated action by attempting to ran the Cossackand later by shooting of gunner in charge of boardingparty. F rench government spokesman warns thatallies are determined to take whatever measures arenecessary to prevent German ships fr om usingneutral Norwegian waters as result of passivityof N orwegian authorities.

Reported that F rench government has throughmilitary tribunals sent at least 10,000 and possiblydouble that number of communists to prison or concentration camps for the duration of war .

Turk ish press declares any attack on Balkanswould bring Tur key into war on side of allies. StatedTurkey has 300,000 troops massed along Russi anfrontier and will construct n aval base at E regli inBlack Sea.

F eb . 21. J apan announces settlement of 21claims for property damage and personal injuries,believed to be part of final offer mentioned byspokesman. Foreign office spokesman denies chargesof Captain Crispulo Onrubia that S. S. P r e s i d e n t Que z o n ran onto reef not found on charts. Ambas.N . T . J ohnson arrives at K unming, over I ndo-China-Y unnan rail way, without incident.

British Admiralty confirms that German sea warfare inflicted heaviest losses on allied and neutral

Th e I n compa r ab l e i n Ta st e

Q u a l i t y and r efr eshin g goodn ess

SanHlipd|3n k p i l s c n

brew ed by th e

Miguel Breweryf am ed fo r h i g h qua l i t y br ews

f o r a ha l f cen t u r y


9/40


10/40

130 P H I L I P P I N E M A G A Z I N E A p r i l , 1 9 4 0

A COMPARISON

P r o v i n c i a l C a p i t ol , D u m a g u et e

W er e t he A r ch i t ec t s o f ol d

Su per i o r t o t h ose

o f T o d a y?

Note the clean, restful lines of the

comparatively inexpensive rein

forced concrete structure above.

Its graceful yet sturdy pile sug

gests peace and contentment.

Compare it with the jumbled mass of the medieval edifice below, with its useless and ill

shaped towers and its wealth of unsightly and unsanitary detailsuggesting arrogance

and pride, and ever lurking fear. Wer e t h e a r c h i t ec t s o f ol d b et t e r t h a n

t h o se o f t o d a y ?

(Moreover, experts tell us that high grade Portland Cement, properly mixed and

poured and reinforced, will actually outlast the elaborate stone and cement struct

ures of the middle ages.)

APOPORTLANDCEMENT

B est by T est

M a i s on d e J a c q u es C o ea r , B r u g e s

Cebu Portland Cement CompanyMANILA, P. I.


11/40

Editor ia ls

Hitler has for the second time committed one

of those unpredictable and fatal blunders which

make it so impossible to fore-

H itl ers Second see the exact course of warlike

Fatal Blunder affairs. His first great blunder

was to assume that England

was bluffing when it warned him against invading

Poland, which was what precipitated a war that other

wise might have been long postponed. This war might

yet have ended, before great damage was done, in a

negotiated peace, were it not for his second great blunder

his month the invasion of Scandinavia which, for therst time, gave Great Br itain the full will as well the

opportunity to deal him very heavy blows. Berlin reports

have made it clear that this was H it lers decision alone.

His invasion of Denmark, with the object of seizing

rmer control of the entrance to the Baltic, of better pro

ecting German ships bringing iron ore from Norway, and

f securing the food resources of that small, but rich

ountry, was strategically justifiable because practicable.

His invasion of N orway, however though planned, no

oubt, to give him control of the entire Scandinavian

eninsula and to secure bases from which to strike more

ffectively at Britain would appear to be an act of military

madness. How he could have hoped to be able tonvest in any great force any of the scattered strategic

oints along the Norway coast and hold them against B ri

sh naval and air attack, the Norwegian terrain being what

is, passes the imagination, unless, indeed, Germanys air

rm proves more powerful than the All ied combined naval and

r forces that can be brought to bear. He may hold the ul

erior hope of drawing Russia into the war on his side by in

ucing the Allies to land large forces in Scandinavia, but it is

xtremely unlikely that Russia will oblige him to this extent,

s Russia stil l wants nothing more than to be left alone to

ork out its own problems. He may also have in mind

use the Scandinavian thrust to create a diversion while

athering his forces for a sudden attack somewhere alongaround the Maginot line, but this would be another act

madness and proof of the desperate position to which a

ar-threatening despot is brought after seven months ofrced immobility.

He may have believed that another demonstration of

e b l i t z k r i e g would frighten other neutrals and make

em more amenable to his demands for supplies, and

ould also daunt the Allies and make them more disposed

agree to a peace on his own terms, but he should have

own that Great Britain could never allow him to gain

en a foothold on the vital ly strategic Norwegian coast

d would be forced to prevent this at any cost.There can be no further doubt that H itler will be crush

even if Germany itself must be destroyed to bring

s about. There would stil l seem to be a possibil ity

at if the German defeat in Scandinavia is overwhelming

enough and the losses are severe enough, that H itler

may lose so mvfch prestige that either the German

people or the Germanj army 'will rise against him,

in which case the war might soon be over. But

if J he (remains in control, and follows one act of

madness with another, no one can foresee where

the action may go, how much blood will have to be shed

before his evil rule is over.

President Quezons reported plan to visit Central and

South America this summer is of great interest inasmuch as

the relationships developed be-The P hil ippines and tween the Uni ted States and the

P an-A mer icanism various countries of Latin America

may well hold a lesson for the

Philippines.

The progress of Pan-American cooperation and the

political solidarity developed in the Americas during the

past hundred years, despite differences ip race, language,

and historical background, is one of the most hopeful of

world-aspects. Dur ing this period, the preservative M on

roe Doctrine (1823) has gradually been continentalized,

the policy of intervention under the Roosevelt (I ) Corol

lary has been discarded, and the Roosevelt (I I ) GoodNeighbor policy has led to the substitution of the partnership for the elder-brother idea.

The Phil ippines not only shares in the Spanish back

ground and culture of the larger part of Latin America,

but was, in fact, governed through M exico for several

hundred years up to 1821, when Mexico declared itself

independent of Spain. The Mexican Viceroy was the

overlord of the Phil ippines. The first Governor-General

of the Philippines, M iguel L opez de Legaspi (1563-1572)

was a Spanish resident of Mexico, and Mexican officials

often came to rule the Philippines. The standing army of

the Philippines was largely made up of Mexican I ndians,

For many years the only means of communication betweenthe Philippines and Spain was through Mexico. Further

more, to avoid contact with the Portuguese and other

rivals, much of the Philippine trade was carried on with andthrough M exico.

In view of its historical cultural, political, and economic

relationship with L atin-America, as well as its half-century

relationship with the United States, the Philippines might

well consider the feasibility of joining the Pan-American

Union which, according to one authority, is gradually

developing into an American L eague of Nations minus the

political functions of such an organization.

Objection might be raised on the basis of the greatdistance that separates the Philippines from the Americas,

but all that lies between them is water and a number of

small islands the most important of which are alreadyAmerican.

131


12/40

I t is not entirely beyond reason that Australia and New

Zealand, to the south and south-east of the Philippines,

may one day find it to their interest to join the Pan-Amer

ican Union. Australia has for some tims been conducting

good-will radio broadcasts, both in Spaiish aid English,

directed to SDuth America. Sydney is closer to the Chile

coast than it is to India, or than Manila is to the California

coast and they are both about the same distance from

Hawaii. Distance in itself is rapidly becoming a minor

consideration in world planning, due to rapid advances inthe speed of ships and airplanes. Distances miist be

taken relatively and are, in fact, not so great as they

are commonly thought to be.

There a e political and strategic as well as economic

reasons for a closer drawing together of the Americas and

th,e countries with a Western civilization in the western

an.d southern Pacific. These countr ies are all closer to the

Americas than they are to Europe, and there are no in

tervening land areas offering only narrow and dangerous

channels of navigation.

The recent reciprocal appointment for the first time of an

American minister to Australia and a Australian minister

to the United States, the building up of an air route from

the United States to Australia, President Quezons projected

visit to the United States and Central and South America,

these are all indications pointing possibly toward the closer

relationship that is desirable from so many points of view.

A well known Manila weekly magazine is cur-

rently publishing what appears to be a series of

articles which serves to in-

A nt i-Semit ism troduce the spirit of anti

in the P hi li ppines Semitism in its crudest form

into the Philippines. Thearticles are being published without explanation, and

the uninformed can only speculate as to their origin

and their general aim. Their content and form of pre

sentation, however, can leave no doubt as to their foreign

origin, and their falsety and malice as to their reprehensible character.

The material in these articles is taken chiefly from an

ill -reputed book, The I nternational J ew, and has been

refuted ten thousand times. A clumsy effort to give the

articles a local touch is made by referring, among other

things, to the mortal dangers that would arise for the people

of this country if the project of settling some thousands of

J ewish refugees in M indanao were carried out.

In connection with these dangers, the articles cite a docu

ment The P rotocols of the Elders of Zion in which

the alleged plans of the J ews to dominate the world are

described. This document was long ago proved to be a

falsification, the sources and authorship of which are known.

The main source was a satire which a Paris attorney,

Maurice J oly, published in 1864, accusing the French

Emperor N apoleon I I I of aspiring to world domination

through various crafty and ruthless measures. The

Secret Service of old Russia later caused a booklet to be

printed in which the words the J ews were substituted

for N apoleon in order to deflect popular hatred of theCzarist regime to the J ews and prevent a threatened revo

lution. The spuriousness of the P rotocols has been con-132

firmed in numerous court decisions in various countries,

but reference to the document still makes good propaganda

in a country like the Phi lippines where the subject is entirely

new. The Protocols and The International J ew are also

being used by Father Coughlin in Detroit and by Oswald

Mosley in England in an effort to incite the feeling of the

more ignorant people against their J ewish fellow-citizens.

More intelligent persons dismiss these publications with

contempt, as they know how they have been written and

for what purpose they are being used.

Wherever this propaganda has been resorted to, it has

been to arouse racial and religious animosities against a

minority group for the purpose of rallying mass support to

some demagogue who would point to the alleged commonenemy and promise to deliver his followers from them.

Hitler applied this method with great success in Germany;

and even in Spain, where the J ews make up only 0.02 per

cent of the population, Franco used anti-Semitic slogans

and distributed pamphlets containing the P rotocols

in great numbers. I t has always proved to be the case

that wherever anti-Semitic propaganda has been started

on a large scale, there was some would-be dictator behindit. Now, since H itler assumed power in Germany and

German propaganda is being spread all over the globe,

anti-Semitic propaganda can generally be traced back

to Wilhelmstrasse, Berlin, where Propaganda Minister

Goebbels has his office.

The writer has made no effort to investigate the source

of the anti-Semitic articles in the Manila weekly, but it is

certain that they came, text, pictures, and head

line lettering (in the style of H ebrew characters),

from outside the Philippines.

The fact that the book, T he International J ews

(which originated in the United States), is one of

the main sources of information , rather pointsto Father Coughlin, radio-priest of Detroit. The fact

that the Fathers financial affairs have finally aroused the

deep interest of the State Attorney may have led the

Manila publisher not to use his name in connection

with the articles. On the other hand, Germany has

during the past seven years spread its anti-Semitic

propaganda all over the world, with specially heavy

doses to South America, the idea being that by inciting

hatred against the J ews everywhere a feeling of more

general sympathy for the atrocious Nazi government maybe expected to result.

I t is a regrettable thing that a publisher in Manila, whatever his motives may be, is thus aiding in spreading amind-poisoning propaganda which has brought inhumanoutrages and shame to other countries.

The address of United States High Commissioner Francis B. Sayre on the occasion of the commencemeint exer

cises of the University ofT he Security of the Phi lippines, was one

P roperty and the Person of the most eloquent pro

nouncements ever heardhere on the fundamental issues of might versus right, the

few versus the many, the state versus the individual,dictatoitstyp versus democracy; but when he asked in

closing what his hearers chose to believe inwhat theywould put their faith in, he asked questions the answers towhich could neither be in doubt nor be especially significant.


13/40

Certainly none of his hearers, or very fewas in any

group of peopje anywhere in the worldwould express

themselves in favor of anarchy, tyranny, and war over theways of order, liberty, and peace.

We may earnestly and even fanatically bdieve in in

dividual liberty and in democracy, in human cooperation,

and in the felicities of order and peace, and yet be held

helpless in the grip of a despotic government, swamped inpoverty and misery, and forced to fight and kill our fellow

men. And none or li ttle of any of this is due to any one

w a n t i n g it this way, even the few, even the rulers.

Rulers no less than the ruled in the dictatorships, and

eaders and their followers in the so-called democracies,

are all alike being pushed down the steep paths that lead

to the field of Armageddon by inexorable forces that have

their origin precisely in a part of that which M r. Sayre

still seems to prize so much the security of property

which he couples, apparently without hesitation, with thesecurity of the person.

In so far as the rights relating to p e r s o n a l property are

concerned, he has reason to link these with the generalrights of the individual, but in so far as the private and

monopolized ownership of what are usually called the

means of production is concerned, he, and many others

ike him, do not appear to grasp the fact that this is the

poisonous spring of all the oppression and cruelty anddeath in the world today.

The security of the right of monopolized ownership of

the means of production means ultimately the insecurity

of everything else that men pirize. So long as competition

rather than cooperation is the m et h o d ; so long as private

and monopolized profit is the a i m ; so long as the private

and monopolized ownership of the riches of nature, of raw

materials, and of mills and factories is the m ea n s ; so long

as goods for human consumption must be sold at a profit

to be produced and obtainable; and so long as the marketsof the world must be competed for by great and lawless

rival combines -just so long w ill the standards of living of

the laboring masses have to be progressively reduced

(despite the incidental and temporary prosperity and

state of comparative order in a few parts of the world where

industrialism first developed); so long will force h&ve to be

used to set aside individual rights come down from happier

times and to suppress mass uprisings; and so long will

desperate wars hava to be fought for what, ultimately

under the present system, is actually self-preservation.

Under the existing economic system, both the trampling

down of individual rights and the tearing up of international

agreements (both products of ampler times in some coun

tries) , are inevitable, and no mere wishful thinking and no

mere rhetoric can bring them back.

Some day, when men think more clearly and dare to

speak more openly, the tides of misery and desperation

of a world in universal war will sweep away the obstructions

raised by modern capitalism to the forces of democracy

and cooperation, of reason and goodwill.

---------- -

Go to Spanish America, Mr. President!By Adrian Got

AS a Spaniard and a resident of the Philippines, my

second country which I wish all the good I could

wish for Spain, I am happy about President

Manuel L. Quezons projected tour of Latin America,

elieving that many benefits, both moral and economic,may come of it.

Spanish America, like Spain itself, entertains an affec

on for the Philippines as for a spiritual sister, like in

eligion, culture, and mind, despite her geographic position.In Spain, a Fi lipino finds all the doors of the heart open;

resident Quezons 1937 visit to M exico proved that the

panish-American Republics consider the Philippines aster-country.

In the past, a number of exceptional men, considering

he broad and enigmatic perspective of Philippine independ

nce, turned their thoughts to L atin America as holding

ut immense possibili ties for the future. But othpr pre

ccupations had almost erased the great South American

ontinent from our minds, when the government of the

nited States of North America, itself, lacking confidence

conditions in Europe, turned to the Spanish Republics

the south not only for trade but in hope of building up

at solidarity so important to mutual security and the

reservation of peace. Today, one of the great sources

the strength of the United States is its relations with

South America; relations based on an autocthbnous and

fraternal M onroeism resulting from the wise Good Neigh-*bor policy.

In a memorable conference held in M anila during the

latter part of 1938, a great Spaniard, Garcia Sanchiz, in an

unforgettable lecture entitled Las Banderas Soli tarias,

drew Philippine eyes to the limitless horizon of the possi

bili ties of the Americas. The idea then suggested to the

minds of many is today maturing, and the voyage of President Quezon may initiate a new or renewed Philippine-

American relationship that may prove of the greatest goodto this dear land.

L atin America is a rich production source and offers a

vast market, and the Philippines undoubtedly possesses

product? suitable for exchange, an exchange that will be

facilitated through the existing sisterhood based on a com

mon culture, a common religion, a common language.

J apan, less favored by nature than the Phil ippines, and

with none of these special advantages, has found South

America one of its most important markets.

Go to Spanish America, M r. P resident! Your voyagemay be the first step toward the establishment of an inde

pendence less burdened than it otherwise would be, and

encouraged and strengthened by intercourse with otherrepublics born of the same M other.

133


14/40


15/40

they are developed (except in agriculture) the poorer they

become! For the natural wealth of many of them is worth

exploiting only when shipped abroad for the benefit of

other countries. So far, mineral exploitationextensive

as it has been in some placesis slight in relation to what

remains, but generally it has not enriched even temporarily

the countries concerned. A few anti-social politicians

have profited and native workers have made a bare living

from wages paid them, while the overwhelming bulk of the

earnings from exploitation have gone into foreign pockets.

. Mexican oil situation is a case in point, although

n recent years M exican oil workers (because of strong

unions) have been relatively well paidbetter than the

Mexican average and also better than since the time the

government expropriated the foreign oil fields. But the

Mexican government did not get even royalties, only a

small tax, from the huge volume of oil pumped forth forconsumption abroad.

Politically, none of the Latin American lands has

achieved democracy as a going political concern less so

or the most part than the Phil ippines. At the same time

one has embraced any totalitarian dogma. Government

anges from the strong man di ctator-now best exem

lified by Getulio Dornelles Vargas in Brazilto hopeful

ttempts at democracy. Uruguay and Argentina have

emocracy of a fashion, conservative but with not many

utrages against civil l iberties. Both of these countr ies,

nlike the rest of Latin America, have an almost exclusively

hite populationlargely of Spanish and Italian origin

nd each is well over half literate, with strong union move

ents. The most impressive labor demonstration I have

ver seen in 100,000miles of travel over the world, includ

g some countr ies in revolution, was on M ay Day of 1937

Buenos Aires. The ringing chorus ofM i a j a si ! F a s-

s m o n o ! along fifteen kilometers of Buenos Aires

oad boulevards, combined with ear-splitting hissing of

azi ensignsand an Argentine hiss once heard is never

be forgotten l -r evealed an extraordinarily acute mass

litical consciousness; but the paramount social aspect

the land is a pro-Franco rul ing class and the worst land

dism on earth a mere 10,000 hectares constituting aa l l farm! s

Argentina, being the largest country of Span i s h America

s ever aspired to L atin American leadership, and so most

the squawks against the Monroe Doctrine have emanated

m Buenos Aires. Actually, Americanthat is, United

tesimperialism has never adversely affected Argentina

national l imitations are those imposed upon it by nature

le economically it is inevitably more tied up with Great

in than with the United States since its chief products

mpete with those of American agriculture but constitute

mportant item in the li fe of the British Isles. Further

entina is no mean imperialist itself, ever seeking to

minate Paraguay, direct Uruguay, and to oppose any

ansion of Brazilian influence in South America.

razil being of Portuguese origin and tradition, is some

t isolated from Spanish America, and so in order to

nter Argentina has always leaned heavily on the United

es. One of the chief government buildings in R io deeiro is named M onroe Palace, and the Brazilian

gn minister of the time I was there, Brandaon, once

told me. Brazil is the only Latin American country that

has always supported the M onroe Doctr ine, and we regard

President Roosevelts good neighbor policy as an extensionof the doctrine rather than a substitute for it.

Once Brazil seemsd on its way to development of de

mocracy, but the clock has been turned back in this respect

y. , Vargas As dictatorships go, however', it ismild and has continued such genuine reforms as social

security, albeit on the basis of a very low standard of l iving.Also, Vargas most probably saved the country from a Nazi-

inspired if not actually Berlin-dominated Fascist regime

by the green-shirted I n t e g r a l i s t a s . He used them to

stage his dictatorial co u p d et a t , but then promptly sup

pressed them and likewise cracked down effectively on the

German N azis themselves who were organizing the large

German population with alarming speed and thoroughness.

All this was done, of course, in cooperation with Washington.

While basically Portuguese, Brazil contains a vast popu-

ation of Spanish, I talian, and German origin, with also

many Indians and Negroes and admixtures of them with

the whites. In recent years there has been, too, appreciableJ apanese settlement. L iteracy is not more than twenty-

five percent and little real nationalism has ever been achiev

ed. So perhaps a Vargas is not only inevitable, but thebest choice of evils.

Except for little Costa Rica, the rest of Latin America

is basically Indian m population, although save in Mexico,

the rul ing class is white or more or less Hispanicized znes-

t i z o . Costa Rica, Colombia, and Chile have governments

that indicate a trend to democracy. So does the govern

ment of M exico, although it is difficult to classify. I t is

today more I ndian than Spanish, and the only sweeping

social revolution in all L atin America has been under way

m M exico since 1917including virtual ly complete sup

pression of the Catholic Church as a political power, ex

propriation of both Church and private estates for division

mto peasant communes, and truly monumental strides in

public education. L iteracy, nevertheless, is stil l not more

an twenty-five percent; mass political consciousness is

yet of a low order; the peasant communes are directed more

y the governmental bureaucracy than by their members;

and there is a tragic amount of racketeering by both labor

union leaders and government officials. The future depends

on w et er mass literacy and political consciousness can

catch up and keep pace with the changes in social forms.

J l err CethC CUrrent WOrlduPheavalwhich probablywill be the most earth-shaking in history-started on thatM ukden t Pte? Sr 18 1931 When the J aPanese seizeda S S V ki thG American hegemony of LatinAm.rica has been challenged successively by J apan Ger

many and I taly. J apan has been assiduously coL rdng

several Latin American countries, particularly Peru and

razi , ut has never made any dangerous headway. I

have already recounted part of the attempted German pene-

ration of Brazil, which included in addition a compen

sated mark trade arrangement which for a time threatened

to tie that country economically to Berlin. Mussolini

has been proceeding less openly through organization of

the millions of I talian settlers in L atin America into overseas colonies.

In so far as J apan and Germany are concerned, the pre-

135


16/40


17/40

t was a rude, make-shift dwell ing, and the wind swept down

upon it at night like a hawk on some hapless chick; and as

Baray lay beside him, snuggling close as a wife will, she

would beg him to take her back to the village in the morning.

But there was the clearing to look after. I t lay on a hill

side on which his father had started some coffee and cacao

trees. That had been twelve years before, and when old

K iko had died in the influenza epidemic of 1918, the jungle

had at once reclaimed the area. The rattan had choked

out the struggling young cacao trees and ferns had crept

over the ground where his father had dreamed of one day

seeing the glossy-leaved coffee trees greet the morning sun.

Then Lucas had come with a bolo of his own and had

started clearing the land once more, as bevies of blue and

green parrakeets burst forth from the undergrowth with

riotous chatter. Lucas could not make out whether this

was in protest or in welcome.

When he learned that a child was coming, com stood

already waist-high in his k a i n g i n . Baray at first could

stil l help him-in the weeding, for instance; but soon Lucas

had to do everything by himself.

A fter this harvest, he told her once, I shall buildyou a better house.

And a shed for the chickens, and a pig-pen, too? she

asked.N o, they will have to come later. I am thinking of

making the house first.

But it would be much easier to build the pen first. No,

you had better build the shed first.

Lucas went on, unheeding. And there will be a c am a r i n ,

for storing the corn. And then still another camarin for a

small wooden sugar mill.

But all of that? Baray exclaimed, looking as if she

were greatly surprised, although she was familiar with that

kind of talk.I can make a mill, you know. I t will be a simple thing.

But you havent even a stalk of sugar-cane.

But well plant cane, too. After I have cleared away

the corn-stalks. Now you take good care of the baby

when it comes, and I ll plant the cane and build the mill .

M y father made one, once.

Baray wanted to coax him on, and said:

And when youve got the mill and can make some sugar,

youre going to sell the sugar in the barrio?

And where else, may I ask? he said brusquely.

And we will be rich then?

N ot rich, perhaps; but better off than most, said Lucas.

H e looked quite serious when he said | that, Baray noticed,

smiling to herself and deciding not to ask any more ques

tions. She feared Lucas might again say she was just a

child, when, indeed, she was hardly a year younger than

he. Though how very often, thinking of Lucas and his

kaingin and their lonely l ife, she felt like an old woman, too.

| Yet now, walking behind him, she had misgivings about

meeting her mother from whom they had stayed away so

long. Al ing Take would be surprised with the baby. She

might be glad, in her heart, but she would certainly take

them to task because Lucas had not fetched her when she

was to have her baby. Lucas and the baby and herself,

too, might get quite a harsh reception.

Baray tried hard to keep these thoughts out of her head,

but suddenly she imagined her mother holding T oto in her

arms and inspecting-the new-born one as if it were some

dubious thing.

I ve been thinking of your mother, Lucas broke out,

stopping in his stride. I ve been wondering what she will

say about T oto.

I was thinking of that, too, said Baray. I t seemed

significant to her that L ucas should be thinking what she

was thinking. She began to feel sure that Aling Takewould find fault with the child, and then what would she

do?

L et me carry Toto now, she said. Your arm| must

be tired. x

Lucas stopped under a tree and gave her the Ichild, help

ing her to adjust the blanket.

W e shall rest a while, shall we? asked Baray, seeing

the stump of a tree beside the trail. She walked over and

sat down, taking the baby in her lap. Lucas took off his

hat and fanned himself to dry the perspiration on his face.

I snt Totos blanket too damp from my sweat? he asked.

But Baray, gazing at her baby, seemed not to hear him.The child was half asleep and Baray for a moment held her

breath and bent down to touch its soft cheek with her own.

Then, with her free hand, she began to fondle i t, touching

its face and delicate hands and feet, like a little girl toying

with a doll . She started counting the tiny fingers on each

hand and the tiny toes on each foot.

E h, what are you doing? asked Lucas, seeing that

Baray seemed deeply engrossed.

She did not reply, but looked up at him with happy tears

sparkling in her eyes. Never had she felt so sure that Toto

was whole and live and perfect.

Come, she said. L ets hurry. We must get there

before nightfall.

O n e by one

In the hush

Under the moon

They go wavingTheir gray wings

Of hairy hide

Bats under the MoonBy Maximo Ramos

From shadowy caverns

In jungles unknown

Gray witches stalking

Young child-fruits

Asleep in starlight.

137


18/40

The Banaue Rice TerracesA B u i l d i n g C o n t r a c t o r s V i ew

By W. S. Boston

Ireturned to M anila through I fugao Sub - Province,stopping off a few days at Banaue and K iangan. I

did not get so intimately acquainted with the I fugao

people, but there was evidence on every hand that these

people very likely represent the oldest culture in the entire

five mountain sub-provinces.

Their rice-terraces can not be described in mere words.

When one sits on the porch of the resthouse at Banaue,

and contemplates the work of the I fugaos, i t leads to

dreams. Y ou may view from this point a large mountain,

with a general slope of thirty degrees, rising up above the

vil lage to a height of some two thousand feet. The ter

races, some large, some small, run up, tier after tier, towhat appears to be the very top.

At first you get the idea that this tremendous work could

not have been done by man, but then you realize that it

must have been. And studying more closely, you see that

the great stone walls holding those level terraces in place,

were very systematically built and that the smaller walls

have been placed where they are for several very definite

reasons. The smaller walls serve to protect the larger

terraces from destruction by uncontrolled water and ero

sion, but they also serve to utilize every inch of the moun

tain side for growing purposes. Y ou can see that these

terraces are narrower for the reason that they are on the

more abrupt slopes of the mountain.

I f you have any engineering experience, you visualizethis rugged mountain, two thousand feet high, without

these terraces, and imagine that you are to survey and map

them out. Y ou pick a starting point for your survey.

Y ou will require thousands of feet of cable and rope, an

army of brave assistants, and years of time to do the sur

veying alone. Then you have to build those walls and

dikes, so that they will stand cloud-bursts, earthquakes,

erosion. Well , you just scratch your head and say, Oh

Hell! such a thing can not be done!

Y et you stand there and view the finished work, and all

you can think is that those fellows did it without an in

strument of any kind, not even a rope or a single stick ofdynamite. Personally, after due contemplation, my ques

tion was, How did they do it?

Then I left the resthouse for a look-see. I found that

those walls are truly of one family, but that they were not

all born at the same time. I saw that some must be thou

sands of years old and that others could be only a few years

old. In the older walls I found large mended areas where

they had been rebuilt. I looked about some more and

realized that certain walls had been built over and above

the original wall, not only to increase the area for rice grow

ing, but to protect the first wall buil t. This work has evi

dently been carried on for thousands of years, and repre

sents hundreds of millions of units of man-day labor.

The fog has lifted and you

look down some two thousand

feet and see smoke on a small

level basin. You grab your

field-glasses and pick out the

smoke spots. What you see

becomes a vil lage of Ifugao

huts. Y ou see men, women,

and children playing or mov

ing about. They look like

some kind of small animals

through your glasses, but yourealize that they are really

human beings. Yes, the guar

dians of those wonderful ter

races, built by their ancestors.

Y ou sweep your field-glasses

around, and discover a line

leading back into the moun

tain. Whats that line? Y ou

adjust your focus, trace out

the line: it rises higher and

higher as it extends back into

the mountain. Those beautiful white streaks you have

noticed, you see are alive.

138


19/40

Sure, they are waterfalls; the dark streaks between are also

moving and tumbling, because you are looking at tribu

taries of the Banaue River, which is itself in great haste to

find a level spot where it may rest. ' Y ou begin to count the

waterfalls in sight, and if you have a companion with you,

you will soon find yourselves in a hot dispute as to approx

mately how many waterfalls can be seen in the Banaue

valley from where you stand; to count them is impossible.

Y ou have been conscious of a continuous, low, roaringsound. Now you realize it is from all this rushing but

definitely controlled water.

Y ou and your companion have filled your desire for see

ng. Y ou stop talking, remain perfectly stil l for minutes,

trying to grasp what you have seen. Presently you awake

from your dream, and say, L ets go.

But I assure you that i f you are honest with yourself,

you will walk back with bowed head, thinking how small

you really are, as an individual, although you may be won

derful ly civilized. Y ou perhaps may think of a poem of

Longfellow which runs like this:

All are Architects of Fate,

Working in these walls of Time;

Some with massive deeds and great.

Some with ornaments of rhyme.

Nothing useless is, or low;

Each thing in its place is best;

And what seems but idle show

Strengthens and supports the rest.

For the structure that we raise,

Time is with materials filled;

Our todays and yesterdays

Are the blocks with which we build.

Built today, strong and sure;

With a firm and ample base;

And ascending and secure

Shall tomorrow find its place.

The town of K iangan is built on a beautiful mountainslope. Unfortunately, the whole town is gradually sliding

into the Ibulao River. The slip on the down-stream side

begins about three ki lometers outside the town. I stopped

at this slip and noted that the movement within the last

two years had been about four feet. I t has thrown all

the buildings out of plumb, and in the case of stone govern

ment structures has cracked them all, some stone columns

having been completely upset. I t is safe to say that in a

comparatively short time the whole mountain slope will

have disappeared down the Ibulao River. The town will

have to be moved elsewhere.

At K iangan, as at Lubuagan, I found that modern civili

zation is being assimilated by the Ifugaos and is not destroying them. From my short acquaintance with the

I fugaos, I judge that they are equal to the Kalingas in

combativeness and will protect their rights with their lives,

but that they are willing to adjust themselves to new con

ditions. L et us hope indeed that the great human qualities

found among these sturdy mountain people will not be lost

to the nation that is new forming.

Aleph, the CarBy Pura Santillan-Castrence

COM I N G home from the office at noon in

our none-too-sprightly 1929-model F ord is

a daily ordeal my husband and I have to

bear with Christian resignation. M y husband

drives badly, although enthusiastically (and even

audibly at times) so that as we approach the Ayala

bridge, with its formidable (to me) incline, I cross my fingers

for good luck and breathe a prayer for good measure. Sometimes we make the bridge, oftener we only make the cop

angry.

When we first got the car-you guessed it, second-hand

we decided to give it a name. Calling it t h e ca r in

front of people sounded to us just a bit too pompous for

its looks, as well as too impersonal for the affection we felt

for it. For it seems that as soon as we saw Aleph (that is

its name) and it saw us, there was mutual falling in love.

And that love (Heaven bless it I) is growing with time, and

Aleph now occupies a permanent place in our hearts.

Aleph arrived one beautiful Thursday afternoonwe

looked out of the window, and there it was, (or, should Isay, he was?) waiting to be approved. I t came in answer

to our long-expressed desire to own a car and give the

children a li ttle fun. As the children are still very much

at a stage when their bottles are more important

to them than anything else in the world, I often

wonder if we had basely used them as a convenient

alibi for cur cwn wish to have free and untram

melled rides in the wide open spaces. For

Aleph, geed old sccut that it is, has already taken

us places

A person who likes the city, city life, city bustle, cityglitter, even city noises and city dust, can not appreciate

our feeling of relief, when, of a Sunday afternoon, we

bundle the whole family into dear, faithful Alephs ample

and willing bosom, and drive out into the country, to breath

fresh exhilarating air, and let our eyes gaze upon vast

stretches of restful green, instead of the dirty gray to which

we are accustomedand almost resigned. Sometimes,

when we are particularly a m b i t i ou s (or when we had

the gasoline tank filled up the previous Saturday), our

riding rambles take us where we can even enjoy the sight

of mountains and gorges, as well as picturesque lakes of

out-of-the-way brooks that bring up memories and longings.

Our bodies, our minds, even our souls sometimes, crampedby the crowded, jittery, money-chasing life about us, are

allowed a moment to stretch out, and relax, and drink in,( C o n t i n u e d cn p a e 149)

139


20/40

The Silver-inlaid ChowpotBy Henry Philip Broad

AS long as Hassan could remember and that

was now more than fifteen] years back

the chowpot had stood in the darkest corner

of the home in the village on the Sulu Sea. A mat of

fine palm fiber always covered it, so that none

of its brass-and-silver gli tter could be seen; the tall

spike of the lid, made the sti ff mat seem stiffer

yet. The pot with its tray stood on a wooden stool whose

four legs spread across the slit-bamboo floor like a spiders.

Many a time he had li fted that mat from the pot. I t

was wonderful, he thought, the gleaming brass, shot with

bits of silver; and he had passed his hands over the sleek,

curving sides. But once his mother had caught him at it

and had slapped his hands smartly.

I f father catches you! Y ou know father when he gets

angry!

His mothers rolling eyes and the shifting shoulders hadsaid more, and Hassan had left the chowpot well alone.

But never did he erase it from his mind. He would have

liked to know more about it: where it came from, and who

had shaped the mold and poured the metal, and how the

dully-glinting specks of silver had come into it. I t also

puzzled him greatly that so beautiful a piece of crafts

manship should stand shamefacedly, like a thief in a dark

corner, when in other homes in the village things of brass

occupied places of prominence in the middle of the room

or near the windows on benches or tables, so that the sun

light fell upon them and people could exclaim over them.

All this puzzled him, but it never occurred to him to ask

his father. Father never invited speech and query; and as

to mother, he had never known her to be without a baby

on her lap or hips, and he felt too strongly the atmosphere

of intruiging mystery that the chowpot exuded to ask her

about it in the presence of even a babe a few months old.

There had been a time when he had hated the chowpot.

That was when he was still too small to go fishing with his

father. He had been playing with other boys of the village,

running up and down the stone wall against which the

waves from the sea broke, splashing them all with spume

and spray. The boys were throwing handfuls of sea-sand

with tiny pebbles and fish-scales into the air and at one

anothe

Date post:	04-Jun-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	kathleen-j-burkhalter
View:	219 times
Download:	0 times

Philippine Magazine April, 1940 Vol. XXXVII

Documents