Philosophy of Edu Action

7/27/2019 Philosophy of Edu Action

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ETYMOLOGY

(LANGUAGE)

PRACTICALITYTERMINOLOGY

THREE ANGLES

TO

DEFINE

PHILOSOPHY


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Philosophia- Philo: love

-Sophia: knowledge- Philosophy: love for

knowledge or wisdom

Philosophers: those

who have a love for

knowledge

ETYMOLOGY (LANGUAGE)


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DEFINITIO

N

AL- FARABI


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SOCRATES

knowledge which

encompasses truth.

containsmetaphysics, logic,

rhetoric, ethics,

economics, politics and

aesthetics.

(382SM- 322SM)


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PLATO

only through

knowledge can

man attain the

real truth.

(427SM- 348SM)


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AL-FARABI

knowledgeabout the physicaluniverse.

(870SM- 950SM)


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PRACTICALITYPRACTICALITY

Thinking thoroughly

Characteristics:systematic, rational,

universal

Free from the bondsof tradition


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Systematic

Rational

Universal

Thinking logically and

sequentially

Thinking to the finest detail and

solving the problem with fullresponsibility

Not being confined to severalaspects only


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Can we say that all questions are philosophical

questions?

What is classified as philosophy?

Who philosophises?

Is there a difference between a common man

who philosophises and a philosopher?

What is the difference?


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BRANCHES OF

PHILOSOPHY

Metaphysics (ontology): speculative,

cause-and-effect relationship

E.g: What is truth? What is mankind?

Logic: differentiates

between valid and

confusing ideasE.g: What is good

reasoning? Not so good

reasoning?

Axiology: ethics and

aesthetics

E.g: What is goodness?

What is beauty?

Epistomology: knowledge and beliefs

E.g: What is knowledge? What are the

sources of knowledge?


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IN EDUCATION


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DEFINITION

Dictionary of Education

(1979)

John Dewey

(1859- 1952)

Prof. Hassan Langgulung

(1987)

Dr. Yusuf al-Qardawi

(1980)


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e-ducere- To lead out

A comprehensive process to develop anindividuals abilities and behaviour.

A social process which provides opportunities

for the individual to acquire social skills for

personal development.


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JOHN DEWEY

Education is a

process to elevate

mans status.

School is seen as a

special environment

which is the same as

the socialenvironment.


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DR. YUSUF AL-QARDAWI

Education encompasses

our whole being-physically, emotionally,

spiritually and

intellectually.

Its purpose is to prepare

man to face the world

which is continually

faced with good and

bad, sweetness andbitterness.


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PROF. HASSAN LANGGULUNG

Education is a process of changing the cultural values

of each individual through: teaching, training,

indoctrination


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Western Educationists

Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852) John Milton (1608-1674)

The purpose of education is

to live an honest, pure and

respectful life.

A complete education

enables a man to act in a just

and considerate manner at alltimes and in all places.


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Eastern Educationists

Confucius

(551- 479BC)

Rabindrananth Tagore

(1861- 1941)

Education nurtures good

behaviour in man through good

manners, consideration, respectfor our elders, love of those

younger than us and loyalty to love

for King and country.

Education is to produce good thinkers

and achievers in all aspects of life:

physical, intellectual, moral, spiritual.

An educated person is ready to serve

society and country at all times.


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Islamic Educationists

Al-Ghazali (1058- 1111 C.E) Mohd Qatb

Education is a process which

produces a holistic and balanced

individual. It also aims to develop

fully the intellectual, physical,

emotional and spiritual potentials

of the individual.Education encompasses theintellect and physical domains, as

well as character formationcharacterized by bravery and

respect for others.


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Socialization process

Social integration

Social placement

Cultural development

CONCEPT OF

PHILOSOPHY OF

EDUCATION


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ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY OF

EDUCATION


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DEFINITION OF ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY

Al-Kindi

Consists of 3

aspects:

Physics

Mathematics

Attributes of

God.

Al-Farabi

Can be seen

from 2 angles:

Theory

knowledge

about existing

things.

Practice

things that

exist in action.

Ibn Sina

Categorized

into 2 types of

knowledge:

Revelation of

God delivered

through

messengers

The hereafter.


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ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

a continuous process that nurtures the

natural potentials of human beings from the

intellectual, behavioral, spiritual and physical

aspects in an integrated and balanced mannerso as to produce righteous human beings who

will bring goodness to this world and

hereafter


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OTHER ISLAMIC EDUCATIONISTS

Abdul Halim El-Muhammady, 1993:

the purpose of education is to produce

righteous individuals who are willing to take on

the responsibility of the Caliphs (successors of

Prophet Muhammad) entrusted by Allah to lead

us to happiness in this world and in the next.


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Abd Halim Hj. Mat Diah, 1989:

Islamic education is a process for all

under the purposeful guidance of

educators who will shape Muslimsbased on the teachings of Islam.


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AIMS

1) To inculcate a noble character;2) To educate the soul to be refined and perfect;

3) To teach students to do good, respectful and

noble deeds;4) To train students to be courteous and be

good human beings;

5) To inculcate cleanliness, purity and sincerityas well as noble practices in students.


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GOALS !!!

To shape and develophuman beings to

become acknowledge,

faithful and

trustworthy righteous

and noble Muslim.

To produce human

beings who are

obedient to Allah, livein peace and harmony

in society and so enjoy

tranquility and

protection in the

hereafter.


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AREAS OF ISLAMIC

EDUCATION

Muslim faith

education

(Al-imansiyah)

Character-building

education

(Al-Khuluqiyah)Physical

education

(Al-jismiyah)

Life education(Al-nafsiyah)

Mentaleducation

(Al-aqiliyah)

Social

education

(Al-ijlimayah)

Sex education

(Al-jinisiyah)


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The Islamic philosophy of education will

encompass the different fields of Islamic

education

The Islamic creed which contains 6 articles of

faith namely

Ibadah which is used in 3 meanings: 1.worship and adoration; 2. obedience and

submission; 3. service and subjection.

Competence

Leadership


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ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHERS

Ibnu Rushd (520-595 Hijrah)

He put many new and good ideas not only in the field

of philosophy but also in medicine and Islamic

legislation. His great works:

Kulliyah fit-Thibb 16 volumes in general medicine.

Foundations of Philosophy (Malbadil Falsafah)


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Al-Ghazali (1058-1111)

Produced more than 400 literary works in theology(study of religion), philosophy, science and sufism (amystic tradition within Islam)

His great works:

Ihya al-Ulum al-Din a broad field of Islamic science,jurisprudence, logic and sufism.

Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406)

Major contribution was in the History of Philosophyand sociology.

Write about the history of the world. His great works:

Universal History

Summary of the result (religion)


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Al-Farabi (870-950 AD)

Major contribution was in Philosophy, logic andsociology.

His great works:

Kitab al-ihsa al ulum- explains the

classification and principles of basic science.

Kitab al-Musiqa a book on music.


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Principles :

Human beings can be good if they are willing

to change. This change happens as a result of

contact with the teacher, regardless whetherhe is prophet, sifu or tok guru.


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Ones attitudes towards life is a determinant

for attaining happiness. For example :

According to the teachings of Buddha, of we

live only to chase after material things, it isalmost impossible for us to attain happiness.


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Human beings learn by observing their

natural surrounding . Simply, this means that

if w engage in self-reflection, two

possibilities will occur. Either we will bethankful to God for the blessings bestowed

upon us or we will be ready to repent for our

wrongdoings.


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Every human being wants to be obtain

Enlightenment and attain Nirvana . All the

roads in life lead to that direction. When we

have become wise, automatically, we will dogood and avoid doing wrong.


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Views of Eastern philosophers

Confucius (551-479 SM) Rabindranath Tagore

(1861-1941)


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Life history

Born in 551 SM in Qufu, Shandong Province.

He was from a poor family but he was a diligentstudent when he was young.

At the age of 20, he was offered the post as junior

official in the Imperial Place.

Later, he became a judge in Chung-Tu, then Grand

Secretary of Justice and finally as Chief Minister.

He had travelled far to spread his teachings in

various fields include philosophy, music,administration and ethnics.


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At the prime of his career as the Great

Teacher, he had close to 3000 followers

including 72 who were excellent scholars.

The teachings of Confucius is a separate

school known as Confucian School.

The influence of this teachings lasted for two

thousands years.


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Confucius died in 479 SM at the age of 73.

His followers wrote down all the conversation

they had with the great teacher as a sign of

remembrance.

They collected all answers to questions,

various types of problems and daily life

situations and it is known as Confucius

Analects.


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Confucius Philosophy of Education

Concept of education.

Education is for all,

irrespective of

socioeconomic or socialstatus.

Goals of education. Toproduce an able individual

(ziancai) with good moral

values.


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Curriculum. Focus on the subjects below :

Moral Education- Some of the values emphasized

include respect for parents (xiao), respect for elders (ti), deligence (min), loyalty (zhong), thrift (jian), give-

and-take (rang), wisdom (zhi), and bravery (yong).

Six books of Confucius encompassing philosophy,

politics, economics and culture.

Music.

Poetry.

Literature.

History.

Code of good behaviour.


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Role of the teacher.

As a skilled facilitator and disseminator ofknowledge.

For this purpose, a teacher has to show

commitment and responsibility for tasks assigned

to him.

Besides, it is also important for him to know and

understand his pupils in order to maximize these

potentials and abilities.


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Lifes history

He was born in Kalkota, India in 1861.

He was from a rich Brahmin family.

At first , he was interested to become lawyer.

However, his ambition was not realized.

In 1901, Tagore set up school in Santiniketanwhich later became university in1921.

Although some of Tagores works were translated

into English.

These included books and essays about

philosophy, religion ,education and so on.


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Rabindranath Tagores Philosophy of

Education

Concept of education. A process to prepare

human beings to live their own lives. Goals of education. Produce holistic

individuals through interaction and integration

with the environment.


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Role of teacher. As a facilitator as well as catalyst

to initiate pupils discussion and generate good

and creative ideas amongst pupils. Curriculum. Stresses knowledge and physical

activities. Some of the subjects recommend

include following : Music

Arts

Literature

Drama and Dance

History

Environmental Studies

I li i d d i l


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Implication towards educational

development in Malaysia

Islamic philosophy

More applicable to everyday life and expand the

curriculum to reflect teaching of Islam as a way of life.

Islamic Philosophy tends to mould education in theentire of situation.

Islamic philosophy of education shape ones attitude,

character and moral of the students.

Train, change and educate Muslim students based in

Islamic views.


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Eastern philosophy

The teachers are fully responsible in

performing the effective lessons.

The culture emphasizes on conformity, which

stifles creative thinking.

Students are more disciplined and have higher

morality, as they often conform to rules and

religious teaching. Hence, conformity is goodfor morality.

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