Tran

sfor

min

g th

e Tr

ansp

orta

tion

Exp

erie

nce

Ph

ilade

lphi

a In

tern

atio

nal A

irpo

rt R

egio

nal R

ail

Rob

ert B

. Cas

tellu

cci

A T

hesi

s Cap

ston

e Pr

ojec

t in

Parti

al F

ulfi l

lmen

t of t

he R

equi

rem

ents

Fo

r the

Deg

ree

Bac

helo

r of L

ands

cape

Arc

hite

ctur

e

Scho

ol o

f Arc

hite

ctur

eD

epar

tmen

t of L

ands

cape

Arc

hite

ctur

ePh

ilade

lphi

a U

nive

rsity

May

201

0

Abs

trac

t

In

man

y m

ajor

citi

es m

ass t

rans

porta

tion

is a

n es

sent

ial p

art o

f peo

ple’

s com

mut

e. T

he R

1 is

Phi

lade

l-ph

ia’s

line

that

can

take

pas

seng

ers f

rom

Cen

ter C

ity to

the

airp

ort,

as w

ell a

s fro

m th

e ai

rpor

t to

all t

hree

maj

or

stop

s. It

can

als

o ta

ke p

asse

nger

s to

man

y sm

all s

ubur

bs o

f Phi

lade

lphi

a. A

long

the

train

stat

ion

corr

idor

s, pe

ople

hav

e cr

eate

d an

icon

ic e

nviro

nmen

t thr

ough

dum

ping

tras

h an

d cr

eatin

g gr

affi t

ii ar

t. A

long

w

ith th

is, t

he fa

ctor

ies t

hat l

ine

the

rout

e ha

ve b

ecom

e ve

ry ru

n do

wn.

In

2003

, Phi

lade

lphi

a In

tern

atio

nal A

ir-po

rt co

nstru

cted

two

new

term

inal

s, w

hich

left

the

train

stat

ions

out

date

d. T

his c

ause

d pr

oble

ms w

ith

pass

enge

r circ

ulat

ion

to th

e ne

w te

rmin

als f

rom

the A

Eas

t and

term

inal

E. E

astw

ick,

the

stat

ion

that

is

loca

ted

prio

r to

the

airp

ort c

ampu

s, is

als

o in

sim

ilar c

ondi

tion

and

it ne

eds u

pdat

ing.

Th

roug

h th

e re

deve

lopm

ent o

f the

Tra

nsfo

rmat

ion

of T

rans

porta

tion

at P

hila

delp

hia

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

irpor

t, is

sues

with

circ

ulat

ion,

aes

thet

ics a

nd v

iew

s thr

ough

out t

he a

irpor

t cam

pus w

ill b

e so

lved

. A

ddin

g a

new

stat

ion

at A

Wes

t will

hel

p pa

ssen

gers

get

to a

nd fr

om th

eir t

erm

inal

s muc

h fa

ster

and

eas

ier.

As w

ell a

s ad

ding

a n

ew st

atio

n at

A W

est t

here

will

be

a ne

w c

onne

ctio

n to

term

inal

F, t

he c

onne

ctio

n w

ill b

e a

boul

avar

d ty

pe p

ath

that

giv

es p

asse

nger

s acc

ess t

o bo

th fi

rst fl

oor

and

the

seco

nd fl

oor t

hrou

gh th

e sh

ort t

erm

par

king

br

idge

. Th

e re

st o

f the

stat

ions

will

als

o be

rede

velo

ped

to u

nify

the

desi

gn.

Incl

uded

in th

is re

deve

lopm

ent i

s Ea

stw

ick,

whi

ch is

loca

ted

prio

r to

the

airp

ort,

will

be

upda

ted

to se

rvic

e th

e ai

rpor

t em

ploy

ees t

hat a

re c

omin

g fr

om e

ither

the

offi c

e bu

ildin

g or

the

empl

oyee

lot.

The

stat

ion

is a

lso

loca

ted

alon

g a

resi

dent

ial a

rea,

whi

ch is

an

othe

r tar

get t

o us

e th

is st

atio

n. T

he st

atio

n ne

eds a

lot o

f upd

atin

g, fr

om n

ew si

gnag

e to

new

pla

tform

s. T

o in

tice

peop

le to

use

this

stat

ion,

ther

e w

ill b

e ad

ditio

nal c

omm

erci

al v

endo

rs.

Th

roug

h th

e de

velo

pmen

t of t

he A

irpor

t sta

tions

, as w

ell a

s Eas

twic

k, it

will

insp

ire p

eopl

e to

star

t to

exte

nd th

is re

vitil

izat

ion

all t

he w

ay u

p th

e co

rrid

or to

Cen

ter C

ity.

Thro

ugh

impr

ovin

g th

e is

sues

this

will

hel

p im

prov

e th

e im

age

of th

e ci

ty th

roug

h im

prov

ing

the

issu

es th

at th

e ci

ty o

f Phi

lade

lphi

a ne

glec

ts.

2

Tabl

e of

Con

tent

s

1.0

Intr

oduc

tion

4

1.1

Prob

lem

Sta

tem

ent

1.

2 C

once

ptua

l Goa

ls

1.3

Poss

ible

Con

stra

ints

1.

4 P

ossi

ble

Opp

ortu

nitie

s

1.5

Res

earc

h To

pics

2.0

Tra

nsfo

rmin

g th

e Tr

ansp

orta

tion

Exp

erie

nce

52.

1 L

itera

ture

Rev

iew

2.

2 M

ass T

rans

it vs

. Tra

ditio

nal C

ars

2.

3 Tr

ansi

t Sta

tions

: Con

nect

ing

Plac

es

2.4

Airp

ort T

erm

inal

s3.

0 C

ase

Stud

ies

8

3.1

Paris

, Fra

nce

3.

2 Po

rtlan

d, O

rego

n

3.3

Chi

cago

, Illi

nois

4.

0 G

uidl

ines

and

Des

ign

Cri

teri

a fo

r D

esig

n Im

plem

entio

n

11

4.1

Gui

dlin

es fo

r Des

ign

4.

2 D

esig

n C

riter

ia

5.0

Con

nect

ing

Eas

twic

k to

Phi

lade

lphi

a In

tern

atio

nal A

irpo

rt

12

5.1

Site

Sel

ectio

n

5.2

Exis

ting

Con

ditio

ns

5.3

Site

Inve

ntor

y an

d A

naly

sis-

Eas

twic

k St

atio

n

5.4

Site

Inve

ntor

y an

d A

naly

sis-

Phi

lade

lphi

a In

tern

atio

nal A

irpor

t

6.0

Red

evel

opm

ent o

f the

Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Exp

erie

nce

186.

1 Pr

ogra

m a

nd C

once

pt D

evel

opm

ent-

East

wic

k St

atio

n

6.2

Prog

ram

and

Con

cept

Dev

elop

men

t- Ph

ilade

lphi

a In

erna

tiona

l

A

irpor

t7.

0 Tr

ansf

orm

ing

the

Tran

spor

tatio

n E

xper

ienc

e R

esul

ts

19

8.0

Mat

eria

ls U

sed

in D

esig

n

289.

0 Tr

ansf

orm

ing

Tran

spor

tatio

n C

oncl

usio

ns

30

10.0

Ref

eren

ces 2

31

3

1.0

In

trod

ucti

on1.

1 D

escr

iptio

n:

PH

L ha

s tra

nsit

stop

s for

the

R1

for t

erm

inal

s A E

ast t

hrou

gh te

rmin

al E

. In

rece

nt y

ears

, the

y ha

ve a

dded

two

mor

e te

rmin

als t

o th

e ai

rpor

t’s c

ampu

s. S

ince

then

, the

y ha

ve n

ot y

et in

clud

ed n

ew tr

ain

stop

s to

thos

e ne

w te

rmin

als.

Th

is p

roje

ct w

ould

dev

elop

a n

ew tr

ansi

t sto

p to

term

inal

s A W

est a

nd te

rmin

al F

. In

clud

ed in

dev

elop

ing

a ne

w st

op

for t

erm

inal

s A W

est a

nd F

, it w

ould

rede

velo

p a

com

bine

d de

sign

for t

he e

xist

ing

stop

s to

mim

ic th

e de

sign

of t

he

trans

it co

rrid

or a

s a w

hole

. A

s wel

l as t

he tr

ansi

t cor

ridor

at P

HL,

ther

e is

the

East

wic

k st

atio

n ju

st b

efor

e PH

L th

at

coul

d be

rede

velo

ped

to a

ct a

s a e

xten

ded

corr

idor

to c

reat

e a

com

bine

d de

sign

.

1.2

Con

cept

ual G

oals

:

In

doi

ng th

is p

roje

ct, I

hop

e to

lear

n ho

w I

mig

ht b

e ab

le to

des

ign

a tra

nsit

corr

idor

that

not

onl

y co

mbi

nes t

he

desi

gn a

s a w

hole

, but

als

o cr

eate

s a c

ohes

ive

way

to g

et p

asse

nger

s to

and

from

the

term

inal

s.

Th

e m

ain

obje

ctiv

e of

this

pro

ject

is to

dev

elop

a n

ew tr

ain

stop

for b

oth

term

inal

s A W

est a

nd F

, as

wel

l as t

o de

velo

p a

conn

ectio

n fr

om E

astw

ick

Stat

ion

that

cre

ates

a g

atew

ay in

to th

e Airp

ort.

Ano

ther

obj

ectiv

e is

to c

reat

e a

bette

r con

nect

ion

to th

e te

rmin

als f

or p

asse

nger

s to

get t

o an

d fr

om th

e st

atio

ns.

1.3

Poss

ible

Con

stra

ints

:

The

mai

n po

ssib

le c

onst

rain

t to

the

proj

ect i

s get

ting

“as b

uilt”

dra

win

gs, a

nd so

me

of th

e G

IS sh

apefi

les t

hat

I may

nee

d fo

r my

desi

gn.

I will

nee

d to

hav

e th

ose

rele

ased

from

PH

L to

eith

er th

e sc

hool

or m

y th

esis

adv

isor

, Jim

Q

uerr

y. A

noth

er p

ossi

ble

cons

train

t is t

hat I

will

not

hav

e se

curit

y cl

eara

nce

to b

e ab

le to

take

any

gro

und

phot

ogra

phy.

I w

ould

nee

d to

wor

k w

ith S

am C

onso

le, G

IS M

anag

er o

f the

Pla

nnin

g D

epar

tmen

t at P

HL.

1.4

Poss

ible

Opp

ortu

nitie

s:

Whi

le ta

lkin

g w

ith m

y su

perv

isor

s fro

m m

y su

mm

er in

tern

ship

with

PH

L, th

ey e

xpre

ssed

inte

rest

in th

e po

ssib

ility

of g

aini

ng m

y re

sults

for m

y pr

ojec

t. In

turn

, the

y w

ould

like

to h

ave

it on

fi le

to h

ave

for f

utur

e re

fere

nce

in c

ase

of a

n op

portu

nity

for t

he re

nova

tion

of th

e tra

in st

atio

ns.

1.5

Res

earc

h To

pics

:

1. R

ules

and

Reg

ulat

ions

for t

rain

stat

ions

2. P

rogr

am fo

r tra

in st

atio

n pl

atfo

rms

3. H

ow o

ften

do th

e tra

ins n

eed

to ru

n4.

Whe

re a

re th

e be

st p

lace

s to

put e

ntra

nces

to st

atio

n

4

2.0

Tr

ansf

orm

ing

the

Tran

spor

tati

on E

xper

ienc

e2.

1 L

itera

ture

Rev

iew

As a

ir tra

nspo

rt gr

ows,

seco

ndar

y tra

nspo

rtatio

n ne

eds t

o be

reev

alua

ted.

A si

mpl

e ye

t und

esire

d so

lutio

n w

ould

be

to e

xpan

d st

reet

s, hi

ghw

ays a

nd e

nlar

ge p

arki

ng lo

ts to

relie

ve th

e in

crea

sed

cong

estio

n.

Airp

ort a

utho

ritie

s hav

e a

limite

d am

ount

of s

pace

to e

xpan

d an

d th

eir p

riorit

y is

airp

ort f

acili

ties v

s. Pa

rkin

g lo

ts.

Not

onl

y ar

e ai

rpor

ts ru

nnin

g lo

w o

n sp

ace

for a

dditi

onal

par

king

lots

but

ther

e is

the

adde

d pe

dest

rian

cong

estio

n in

the

as in

the

term

inal

s tra

nsfe

r fr

om th

e ai

rpor

t to

the

road

s as w

ell.

And

the

bigg

er th

e ai

rpor

t onl

y m

eans

that

the

mor

e co

nges

tion

will

occ

ur.

Mas

s Tra

nsit

is o

ne so

lutio

n to

thes

e m

ultip

le a

irpor

ts is

sue.

It p

rovi

des t

he sa

me

serv

ices

as t

axis

and

bus

ses b

ut it

pr

ovid

es a

mor

e effi c

ient

and

spac

e sa

ving

env

ironm

ent.

Hop

eful

ly fo

r the

larg

er a

irpor

ts th

e us

e of

mas

s tra

nsit

will

in

crea

se b

y at

leas

t 50

perc

ent,

stat

ed b

y th

e B

AA

for a

irpor

ts in

the

UK

. A

irpor

ts th

at h

ave

trans

it st

atio

ns th

at se

rvic

e in

divi

dual

term

inal

s for

pas

seng

ers s

houl

d be

pro

mot

e th

e us

age

of th

e m

ass t

rans

it as

the

mai

n so

urce

of t

rans

porta

tion

to a

nd fr

om th

e ai

rpor

t. T

his a

lso

can

incl

ude

the

coop

erat

ion

betw

een

the

airp

ort o

pera

tions

and

railr

oad

oper

atio

ns.

This

incl

udes

the

bagg

age

hand

ling

and

how

they

wor

k to

geth

er to

mee

t the

nee

ds o

f the

pas

seng

er.

So so

me

of th

e la

rger

airp

orts

can

be

over

crow

ded

so th

at th

e us

e of

stre

ets a

nd e

ven

thro

ugh

the

term

inal

s, so

the

use

of in

terio

r ra

ilway

s hav

e be

en p

ropo

sed

to a

nsw

er th

e is

sues

of t

he o

verc

row

ded

airp

orts

.

Air

port

Tra

nsit

Info

rmat

ion

Airp

orts

hav

e ta

ken

step

s tow

ard

impr

ovin

g th

e co

nnec

tion

of th

e w

ay p

eopl

e ge

t to

the

airp

ort a

s wel

l as h

ow th

ey

get h

ome.

The

re h

ave

been

som

e ne

w d

evel

opm

ents

that

hav

e be

en c

reat

ed to

impr

ove

thes

e co

nnec

tions

: Adv

ance

d Tr

avel

er In

form

atio

n Se

rvic

es (A

TIS)

•Te

chno

logy

for R

ide

Mat

chin

g•

Alte

rnat

ive

Stra

tegi

es fo

r Off-

site

che

ck-in

.Th

e us

e of

the A

TIS

serv

ices

defi

nes

thre

e di

ffere

nt ty

pes o

f inf

orm

atio

n at

the

time

of p

lann

ing,

at t

he ti

me

of

com

men

cem

ent a

nd e

n ro

ute.

The

info

rmat

ion

that

info

rms t

he tr

avel

er a

bout

the

grou

nd tr

ansp

orta

tion

that

is

prov

ided

is g

iven

at t

he ti

me

of p

lann

ing

to in

form

the

trave

ler w

hen

they

pur

chas

e th

e tic

ket,

sinc

e th

ey d

o th

is a

t le

ast a

few

day

s if n

ot e

arlie

r tha

n th

e tim

e th

ey fl

y. T

his c

an e

ncou

rage

the

trave

ler t

o us

e th

e tra

nsit

syst

em ra

ther

th

an a

car

sinc

e th

ey k

now

that

it is

ava

ilabl

e to

them

. Th

e in

form

atio

n at

the

time

of c

omm

ence

men

t wou

ld b

e to

in

form

the

trave

ler w

ould

be

to in

form

the

trave

ler o

f any

cha

nges

in tr

avel

to th

e ai

rpor

t. T

his c

ould

incl

ude

thin

gs

such

as a

ccid

ents

, cha

nges

in fl

ight

info

rmat

ion

or d

elay

s. T

his i

nfor

mat

ion

can

now

giv

e th

e tra

vele

r the

pro

per

info

rmat

ion

to e

ncou

rage

them

to th

en ta

ke a

trai

n to

the

airp

ort r

athe

r tha

n dr

ive

to th

e ai

rpor

t. F

inal

ly th

ere

is th

e en

rout

e in

form

atio

n, th

is d

eals

with

the

info

rmat

ion

that

per

tain

s to

spec

ifi c

deta

ils su

ch a

s gat

e in

form

atio

n an

d ot

her i

nfor

mat

ion

such

as p

latfo

rm o

r dep

artu

re ti

mes

.

In so

me

case

s the

airp

ort c

ould

hav

e so

urce

s of a

ltern

ativ

e tra

nspo

rtatio

n, b

ut e

ither

lack

of i

nfor

mat

ion

give

n or

th

ey g

ive

the

info

rmat

ion

to th

e pu

blic

but

in th

e fo

rmat

that

is n

ot a

lway

s the

eas

iest

to a

cces

s. L

ike

New

Yor

k an

d N

ew Je

rsey

they

bot

h pr

ovid

e th

eir u

sers

with

alli

tera

tive

sour

ces o

f tra

nspo

rtatio

n. S

ome

even

giv

e th

e pa

ssen

gers

th

e ex

act s

ched

ule

of e

very

trai

n th

at w

ill a

rriv

e at

the

airp

ort.

But

in so

me

case

s the

y w

ill e

xclu

de in

form

atio

n as

wel

l, su

ch a

s the

info

rmat

ion

on w

heth

er o

r not

the

pass

enge

r will

nee

d to

mak

e a

trans

fer b

efor

e th

eir fi

nal

de

stin

atio

n.

The

Emer

ging

Rai

l Tec

hnol

ogy

is th

e co

ncep

t of i

ncor

pora

ting

new

tech

nolo

gy to

add

ress

the

issu

e of

the

stor

age

of b

agga

ge.

As o

f now

man

y of

the

syst

ems t

hat a

re b

eing

use

d do

not

acc

omm

odat

e th

e pa

ssen

gers

nee

d to

ha

ve a

pla

ce to

put

bag

gage

. Th

is c

once

pt b

rings

in th

e ne

cess

ary

tech

nolo

gy to

brin

g th

e ac

com

mod

atio

ns to

the

pass

enge

r so

that

they

can

eas

ily g

et to

and

from

the

airp

ort w

ith a

s litt

le h

assl

e as

pos

sibl

e.

5

2.0

Tr

ansf

orm

ing

the

Tran

spor

tati

on E

xper

ienc

e

2.2

M

ass T

rans

it vs

. Tra

ditio

nal C

ars

D

ue to

the

fact

that

ther

e is

an

incr

ease

in c

ars t

han

befo

re w

e ha

ve d

eter

min

ed th

at th

e ro

ad sy

stem

m th

at is

in

plac

e n

ow is

not

the

right

size

that

it n

eeds

to b

e to

supp

ort t

he n

eed

of to

day’

s soc

iety

. Av

erag

e tra

vel t

imes

hav

e in

crea

sed

to a

ppro

xim

atel

y 22

-26

min

utes

in re

cent

dec

ades

. In

con

nect

ion

to th

e in

crea

se in

trav

el ti

mes

the

amou

nt

of c

omm

uter

s has

rise

n as

wel

l, th

e nu

mbe

r has

incr

ease

d to

13

to 1

5 pe

rcen

t of t

he U

nite

d St

ates

tota

l. T

hese

num

bers

refl e

ct th

e po

pula

tion

that

has

a c

omm

utin

g tim

e of

at l

east

45

min

utes

. Thi

s is e

stim

ated

to h

ave

som

e ki

nd o

f neg

ativ

e im

pact

on

the

econ

omy.

Th

e m

ore

peop

le st

art t

o us

e pu

blic

tran

spor

tatio

n th

e m

ore

mon

ey th

at g

oes i

nto

the

loca

l in

dust

ry.

Alth

ough

com

mut

e tim

e ha

s inc

reas

ed th

e us

e of

pub

lic tr

ansp

orta

tion

can

incr

ease

the

ease

and

cos

t of t

rave

l. Th

is c

ould

als

o he

lp th

e co

nges

tion

of ro

adw

ays a

s wel

l as t

he a

rriv

als a

nd d

epar

ture

road

s. B

y en

cour

agin

g pe

ople

to

take

the

trans

it sy

stem

this

can

cre

ate

a be

tter a

nd m

ore

effi c

ient

way

of g

ettin

g to

and

from

the

airp

ort.

Th

ere

are

plac

es w

here

the

trans

it sy

stem

doe

s see

m to

wor

k, th

e pl

aces

seem

to refl e

ct w

here

peo

ple

are

mor

e de

pend

ent o

n it

for e

cono

mic

al re

ason

s. P

eopl

e w

ho a

re n

ot a

ble

to a

fford

a c

ar h

ave

been

a re

ason

for t

he su

cces

s fo

r tra

nspo

rtatio

n. A

lthou

gh th

ey h

ave

been

tryi

ng to

get

the

peop

le th

at a

re le

ss d

epen

dent

peo

ple

in h

opes

to g

ain

a w

ider

arr

ay o

f cus

tom

ers.

The

one

reas

on w

hy th

e bu

ses f

ail t

o br

ing

the

mor

e “t

rans

it de

pend

ent”

peo

ple

on th

e bu

s is

beca

use

of th

e fa

ct th

at th

ey sh

are

the

cong

este

d ro

ads.

2.3

Tran

sit S

tatio

ns: C

onne

ctin

g Pl

aces

Tr

ansi

t sta

tions

can

hel

p a

com

mun

ity in

man

y di

ffere

nt fa

ctor

s, su

ch a

s pro

mot

ing

sust

aina

ble

use

of

trans

porta

tion

as w

ell a

s lan

d us

e as

wel

l as t

he st

imul

atio

n of

loca

l eco

nom

y an

d to

star

t tec

hnol

ogic

al a

nd in

stitu

tiona

l ch

ange

. In

Eur

ope

the

rest

ruct

urin

g of

the

trans

it se

rvic

es h

as a

lso

help

ed in

the

chan

ges i

n ur

ban

deve

lopm

ent.

The

tra

nsit

syst

ems t

hat h

ave

been

dev

elop

ed h

ave

beco

me

maj

or fa

ctor

s on

urba

n re

stru

ctur

ing.

The

railw

ay c

an b

e co

nsid

ered

as “

node

s” a

s wel

l as s

erie

s of “

netw

orks

”. T

hese

can

be

defi n

ed a

s:

• a

fabr

ic o

r stru

ctur

e of

cor

ds a

nd w

ires t

hat c

ross

at r

egul

ar in

terv

als a

nd a

re k

notte

d or

secu

red

at th

e cr

ossi

ngs.

•A

syst

em o

f lin

es o

r cha

nnel

s res

embl

ing

a ne

twor

k.•

An

inte

rcon

nect

ed o

r int

erre

late

d ch

ain,

gro

up, o

r sys

tem

(as i

n a

netw

ork

of h

otel

s).

Th

e us

e of

nod

es c

an b

e us

eful

in d

evel

opin

g ar

eas o

f con

cent

ratio

n, su

ch a

s are

as o

f act

ivity

. A

irpor

ts,

road

s, ou

tlets

and

pub

lic tr

ansp

ort i

nter

chan

ges t

end

to b

e ce

ntra

lized

aro

und

thes

e no

des.

Thi

s can

hel

p ex

plai

n w

hat i

s goi

ng o

n w

ith th

e tra

in st

atio

n an

d it’

s rel

atio

nshi

p to

the

area

that

surr

ound

s the

trai

n st

atio

n. T

here

are

fo

ur a

ppro

ache

s to

the

rela

tions

hip

to th

e su

rrou

ndin

g ar

ea to

the

train

stat

ion,

in o

ther

wor

ds c

ould

be

calle

d th

e “w

alka

ble

radi

us”

to th

e st

atio

n.

• Wal

kabl

e ra

dius

- is t

he c

ircul

ar a

rea

radi

atin

g fr

om th

e ra

ilroa

d st

atio

n th

at is

con

side

red

to b

e th

e W

alka

ble

dist

ance

. Fo

r exa

mpl

e th

e fi v

e an

d te

n m

inut

e w

alki

ng c

ircle

s.• F

unct

iona

l-his

toric

al e

lem

ents

- the

are

a is

her

e co

nsid

ered

to b

e eq

ual t

o th

e su

m o

f the

func

tiona

l ele

men

ts

havi

ng a

stro

ng e

vide

nt c

onne

ctin

g st

atio

n an

d ci

ty c

entre

, or i

ndus

trial

and

dis

tribu

tion

faci

litie

s with

a

dire

ct c

onne

ctio

n to

the

stat

ion.

Top

ogra

phic

Fro

m th

is p

oint

of v

iew

the

railw

ay st

atio

n ar

ea is

the

surf

ace

incl

uded

with

in a

n ar

bitra

ry se

ctio

n of

the

map

.

Th

e ra

ilway

stat

ion

tend

s to

conn

ect t

o an

othe

r tra

nspo

rtatio

n sy

stem

, suc

h as

airp

orts

. Ye

t the

con

nect

ion

betw

een

the

two

tend

to b

e fr

agm

ente

d. T

hey

tend

to n

ot h

ave

the

sam

e m

anag

emen

t, bu

t the

y bo

th c

oexi

st.

2.4

Air

port

Ter

min

als:

A

s tim

es c

hang

e so

do

the

way

that

we

trave

l. T

he d

esig

n of

airp

orts

hav

e m

ade

a st

ep to

war

ds m

akin

g it

mor

e en

joya

ble

for p

eopl

e w

hile

they

wai

t for

thei

r pla

ne.

They

are

now

inco

rpor

atin

g re

tail

shop

s in

term

inal

s so

that

peo

ple

can

spen

d th

e “d

rab

spac

e” sh

oppi

ng (S

unde

rland

). T

hey

have

real

ized

that

ther

e is

a p

oten

tial i

n ad

ding

reta

il to

the

term

inal

. In

pas

t yea

rs th

e id

ea fo

r airp

ort d

esig

n w

as g

et p

eopl

e fr

om th

eir t

rans

porta

tion

to

the

airp

ort a

nd o

n th

e pl

ane

as q

uick

ly a

s pos

sibl

e. T

rave

lers

wer

e en

cour

aged

to m

ove

quic

kly

to th

eir g

ates

with

lit

tle to

no

dist

ract

ions

in th

e pa

th to

the

gate

. Th

e m

ater

ials

that

are

use

d in

the

airp

ort a

re a

lso

chos

en to

mak

e th

e pe

dest

rian

traffi

c m

ore

effi c

ient

by

usin

g gr

ey o

n gr

ey fi

nish

es, fl

ore

scen

t lig

htin

g an

d til

e ce

iling

.

Airp

orts

now

hav

e ch

ange

d th

e at

titud

e th

at th

ey w

ante

d th

e tra

vele

r to

just

go

stra

ight

to th

e ga

te a

nd o

n th

e pl

ane.

B

y ad

ding

thes

e re

tail

stor

es a

nd o

ther

attr

actio

ns th

ey a

re tr

ying

to c

hang

e th

e st

ress

ful e

nviro

nmen

t tha

t the

airp

ort 6

used

to b

e to

a m

ore

rela

xing

and

enj

oyab

le e

xper

ienc

e. A

irpor

ts h

ave

take

n th

e de

sign

of t

hese

attr

actio

ns b

y us

ing

the

city

that

it is

loca

ted

in a

s mea

ns o

f ins

pira

tion.

(Sun

derla

nd)

T

hey

have

als

o ta

ken

into

acc

ount

that

ther

e ar

e tw

o m

ain

type

s of a

irpor

t cus

tom

ers.

Ther

e is

the

peop

le

that

are

in a

hur

ry, a

nd th

e on

es th

at h

ave

give

n th

emse

lves

mor

e tim

e to

get

to th

e ai

rpor

t and

hav

e tim

e to

rela

x.

This

mea

ns th

at th

ey h

ave

take

n sp

ecifi

c id

eas s

uch

as d

esig

ning

stor

es li

ke st

reet

s in

the

city

that

it is

loca

ted.

The

y em

phas

ize

the

layo

ut o

f the

airp

ort t

o se

rve

the

cost

umer

. For

the

cust

omer

s in

a hu

rry

they

use

wid

e co

rrid

ors a

nd

emph

asiz

e th

e us

e of

wal

l spa

ce fo

r pro

duct

s. A

noth

er h

elpf

ul to

ol is

the

use

of se

lf-se

rve

oper

ated

sale

s to

incr

ease

im

puls

e bu

ying

.(Sun

derla

nd)

2.0

Tr

ansf

orm

ing

the

Tran

spor

tati

on E

xper

ienc

e

7

3.0

P

rece

dent

Stu

dies

3.1

Pari

s, Fr

ance

Cha

rles

de

Gau

lle In

tern

atio

nal A

irpo

rt

Cha

rles d

e G

aulle

was

one

of t

he fi

rst a

irpor

ts to

hav

e an

inte

grat

ed ra

il sy

stem

in E

urop

e. T

he sy

stem

that

they

us

e is

cal

led

the

RER

rapi

d TG

V tr

ain,

it re

ache

s cen

ter c

ity P

aris

in a

ppro

xim

atel

y 45

min

utes

, Lill

e an

d B

russ

els i

n an

ho

ur.

They

als

o pr

ovid

e ot

her g

roun

d tra

nspo

rtatio

n su

ch a

s the

RAT

P bu

ses,

limou

sine

s and

taxi

s. T

he R

ER h

as tw

o se

para

te tr

ains

CD

G 1

and

CD

G 2

, the

fi rs

t tra

in se

rvic

es te

rmin

als 1

and

3 a

nd th

e se

cond

one

serv

ices

term

inal

2 a

nd

TGV

Tra

in.

They

hav

e a

free

airp

ort s

huttl

e th

at c

an b

e ta

ken

from

any

term

inal

to e

ither

of t

he R

ER st

atio

ns.

Bef

ore

getti

ng o

n th

e C

DG

VAL

whi

ch is

the

airp

ort s

huttl

e tra

vele

rs c

an b

uy th

eir t

rain

tick

ets.

The

se ti

cket

s can

als

o be

use

d fo

r bot

h th

e R

ER a

nd th

e M

etro

that

peo

ple

can

take

to th

eir fi

nal

des

tinat

ion

in P

aris

. Th

e R

ER c

onsi

sts o

f fi v

e ex

pres

s co

mm

uter

trai

ns.

Thes

e di

ffere

nt li

nes h

ave

been

con

side

red

to b

e m

ore

diffi

cult

to tr

avel

than

that

of t

he m

etro

in th

e ci

ty li

mits

. Th

is is

due

to th

e fa

ct th

at th

ey d

ispe

rse

into

diff

eren

t lin

es.

The

line

that

serv

ices

CD

G a

irpor

t is L

ine

B.

The

stat

ion

Gar

e du

Nor

d is

the fi r

st to

dep

art P

aris

in ro

ute

to th

e ai

rpor

t.

Sum

mar

y Ass

essm

ent:

RE

R F

or P

hila

delp

hia

Inte

rnat

iona

l Air

port

Th

e R

ER is

a v

ery

good

way

in w

hich

Par

is tr

avel

ers g

et to

and

from

the

airp

ort.

A k

ey p

art o

f thi

s sys

tem

is

the

fact

that

they

pro

vide

a c

lear

way

to g

et fr

om th

e R

ER to

and

from

the

term

inal

s. It

dro

ps tr

avel

ers o

ff at

eac

h of

th

e di

ffere

nt te

rmin

als a

t the

airp

ort,

alth

ough

trav

eler

s nee

d to

be

awar

e of

whi

ch tr

ain

goes

whe

re to

be

certa

in it

goe

s to

the

right

term

inal

. It

also

giv

es th

e rid

er th

e op

tion

to b

uy th

eir t

icke

ts to

get

to th

e ai

rpor

t and

the

city

in o

ne p

lace

.

If th

e pe

rson

nee

ds to

take

the

RER

to th

e M

etro

they

can

buy

bot

h tic

kets

at t

he b

egin

ning

of t

he tr

ip.

Phila

delp

hia

Inte

rnat

iona

l Airp

ort i

s now

in a

situ

atio

n w

here

the

trave

lers

that

are

tryi

ng to

mak

e th

eir fl

ight

s at

both

term

inal

s a a

nd F

hav

e to

wal

k th

roug

h ot

her t

erm

inal

s to

get t

o th

eirs

. Th

ey n

eed

to c

ome

up w

ith n

ew st

atio

ns to

co

nnec

t the

trav

eler

s to

thei

r fi n

al g

ate.

Als

o th

e w

ay th

at C

DG

offe

rs ti

cket

sale

s in

thei

r sta

tions

cou

ld b

e of

fere

d as

an

opt

ion

for p

eopl

e go

ing

into

the

city

. To

take

that

one

step

furth

er, t

hey

coul

d al

so in

trodu

ce a

n ad

vanc

ed c

heck

in a

t th

e st

atio

ns so

that

it m

ay c

ut d

own

on c

row

ded

lines

insi

de th

e ai

rpor

t. P

hila

delp

hia

has a

lack

of c

onne

ctio

n to

the

rail

syst

em, i

t run

s thr

ough

and

del

iver

s peo

ple

to c

erta

in te

rmin

als b

ut le

aves

the

trave

ler t

o fi n

d ou

t whe

re th

ey n

eed

to g

o by

them

selv

es.

8

3.2

Port

land

, Ore

gon

Port

of P

ortla

nd, P

ortla

nd O

rego

n In

tern

atio

nal A

irpo

rt

Portl

and

has a

ver

y lo

ng a

nd e

xten

sive

his

tory

, it h

as g

one

from

hor

se d

raw

n to

a n

ew T

riMet

syst

em th

at th

ey c

urre

ntly

ar

e us

ing

and

expa

ndin

g. A

rece

nt p

roje

ct is

one

in w

hich

pro

vide

s the

city

of a

ver

y es

sent

ial s

ervi

ce o

f tra

nspo

rtatio

n to

the

airp

ort.

It is

cal

led

the A

irpor

t Max

Red

Lin

e Pr

ojec

t. It

star

ted

May

199

9, ru

nnin

g a

tota

l dis

tanc

e of

fi ve

and

a h

alf m

iles

with

a g

rand

tota

l of f

our s

tops

alo

ng th

e w

ay.

The fi n

al c

onst

ruct

ion

date

for t

he p

roje

ct w

as o

n Se

ptem

ber 1

0, 2

001.

The

re

are

two

key

stop

s tha

t occ

ur a

long

the

airp

ort l

ine,

the

Ore

gon

Con

vent

ion

Cen

ter a

nd th

e Po

rtlan

d C

ity C

ente

r. T

he T

riMet

sy

stem

is th

e fi r

st ra

il sy

stem

to p

rovi

de tr

ansp

orta

tion

to th

e ai

rpor

t via

rail

serv

ice

on th

e w

est c

oast

. It

also

use

d th

e ex

istin

g tra

nsit

right

of w

ay a

long

Inte

rsta

te 2

05 th

eref

ore

not t

akin

g up

any

new

land

whi

ch c

ould

be

used

for o

ther

pur

pose

s.(23

) Th

eai

rpor

t Max

was

des

igne

d to

use

the

sam

e tra

cks a

s the

Max

blu

e lin

e, w

hich

has

als

o in

crea

sed

the

use

of th

e sy

stem

as w

ell a

sin

crea

se th

e he

adw

ays t

o 5

to 7

min

utes

. It

was

orig

inal

ly th

ough

t to

be a

ver

y co

nven

ient

attr

ibut

e bu

t was

put

to th

e si

de d

ueto

an

exte

nsiv

e ex

pans

ion

done

on

the

airp

ort.

The

y fi n

ally

site

d th

e st

atio

n on

the

sout

h en

d of

the

airp

ort.

Thi

s pro

vide

d th

e tra

vele

rs a

cces

s to

and

from

the

bagg

age

clai

m a

rea.

Thi

s als

o gi

ves t

he st

atio

n th

e cl

aim

of b

eing

the

mos

t con

veni

ent s

tatio

nof

any

airp

ort.(

24

The

stat

ion

was

als

o si

ted

so th

at if

the

airp

ort w

ere

to w

ant t

o ad

d an

y ne

w te

rmin

als t

o th

e ex

istin

g ca

mpu

s the

y co

uld

re-s

ite th

e st

atio

n. I

t is s

ituat

ed in

an

exis

ting

right

of w

ay a

nd is

a o

ne tr

ack

syst

em in

to th

e ai

rpor

t but

can

switc

h to

a tw

o la

ne

track

with

out c

ross

ove

r tra

cks a

t the

two

track

stat

ion.

Thi

s was

a te

mpo

rary

syst

em w

hich

has

bec

ome

a w

idel

y us

ed sy

stem

toge

t to

and

from

the

airp

ort.

The

pla

tform

wid

ens a

t the

term

inal

doo

rs b

ut is

wed

ged

at th

e en

d to

acc

omm

odat

e th

e tra

cks.(

24)

Sum

mar

y Ass

essm

ent:

A n

ew lo

ok fo

r Ph

ilade

lphi

a

The

way

that

the

TriM

et h

as ta

ken

way

s in

whi

ch th

ey c

an b

uild

a sy

stem

thro

ugh

mea

ns o

f exi

stin

g co

rrid

ors.

The

y ha

ve ta

ken

idea

s in

whi

ch to

cre

ate

a sy

stem

that

can

wor

k in

ord

er to

mak

e th

e tri

p to

the

airp

ort l

ike

a co

rrid

or.

They

hav

e al

so

take

n in

to a

ccou

nt th

e w

ay th

at th

e pa

ssen

ger e

nter

s the

airp

ort.

The

loca

tion

is v

ery

impo

rtant

and

whe

re th

ey w

ant t

o go

is

anot

her

key

aspe

ct.

Ano

ther

thin

g is

that

they

hav

e ad

ded

two

mai

n st

atio

ns.

Ph

ilade

lphi

a co

uld

use

thes

e id

eas i

n m

any

diffe

rent

way

s and

in a

way

hav

e st

arte

d us

ing

them

alre

ady.

The

trai

n al

read

y st

ops a

t tw

o m

ain

stat

ions

, 30t

h st

reet

stat

ion

whi

ch m

any

peop

le c

ome

thro

ugh

from

var

ious

pla

ces,

even

out

of s

tate

pe

ople

. B

ut th

e m

ain

stat

ion

that

nee

ds to

be

re-d

one

is th

e st

atio

n rig

ht b

efor

e th

e ai

rpor

t bec

ause

it is

for t

he a

irpor

t offi

ces o

ff th

e m

ain

cam

pus.

Thi

s cou

ld b

e us

ed a

s the

gat

eway

into

the

airp

ort a

s a u

nifo

rmed

des

ign

to c

onne

ct th

e en

tire

corr

idor

to th

eai

rpor

t. T

he id

eas t

hat h

ave

been

use

d al

so c

an st

art t

o in

form

a w

ay in

whi

ch w

e ca

n st

art t

o ed

ucat

e pe

ople

on

one

of m

any

way

s we

can

mak

e tra

nspo

rtatio

n m

ore

sust

aina

ble

and

effi c

ient

.

3.0

P

rece

dent

Stu

dies

9

3.0

P

rece

dent

Stu

dies

3.3

Chi

cago

, Illi

nois

C

hica

go M

idw

ay In

tern

atio

nal A

irpo

rt

C

hica

go h

as tw

o m

ajor

airp

orts

, one

is M

idw

ay a

nd th

ey o

ther

is O

’Har

e In

tern

atio

nal.

The

y bo

th h

ave

acce

ss

to th

em th

roug

h tra

nsit

stat

ions

, as w

ell a

s the

re is

a ro

ute

for p

asse

nger

s to

take

a tr

ain

from

one

airp

ort t

o th

e ot

her.

Th

e C

hica

go T

rans

it A

utho

rity

runs

two

lines

that

run

to e

ither

with

a c

onne

ctin

g st

atio

n th

at p

asse

nger

s can

use

to ta

ke

to th

e ot

her.

Not

onl

y do

es M

idw

ay h

ave

a co

nnec

tion

to e

ach

airp

ort t

hey

have

foun

d a

succ

essf

ul w

ay in

whi

ch to

us

e w

ay fi

ndin

g to

hel

p th

e co

stum

er fi

nd th

eir w

ay to

and

from

the

trans

it st

atio

n at

the

airp

ort.

The

y ha

ve m

ultip

le

over

head

sign

age

to h

elp

the

pass

enge

r fi n

d th

eir w

ay to

the

stat

ion.

The

tran

sit s

tatio

n al

so in

clud

es si

gnag

e th

at te

lls

pass

enge

rs th

e st

atus

and

gat

e of

all fl i

ghts

. A

s an

adde

d co

nven

ienc

e to

pas

seng

ers t

he st

atio

n in

clud

es ti

cket

mac

hine

s in

ord

er to

buy

the

ticke

t bef

ore

they

get

on

the

train

.

Sum

mer

y Ass

essm

ent:

Inte

grat

ed S

igna

ge S

yste

ms

M

idw

ay h

as ta

ken

a sy

stem

that

they

can

con

nect

two

airp

orts

toge

ther

, but

they

hav

e al

so ta

ken

a sy

stem

that

th

ey c

an u

se to

hel

p th

e pa

ssen

gers

get

to th

eir t

erm

inal

as w

ell a

s get

hom

e as

eas

y as

pos

sibl

e. T

he u

se o

f sig

nage

to

give

peo

ple

dire

ctio

n to

whe

re th

ey n

eed

to g

o an

d in

form

atio

n on

whe

re th

ings

can

be

foun

d is

ver

y im

porta

nt to

bot

h th

e ai

rpor

t as w

ell a

s the

tran

sit s

yste

m, t

his h

elps

inco

rpor

ate

a un

ifi ed

syst

em to

brin

g pe

ople

to a

nd fr

om th

eir h

omes

to

the

airp

ort a

nd v

ise

vers

a. T

he si

gns t

hat t

ell t

he p

asse

nger

whe

re to

go

and

wha

t the

stat

us o

f the

fl ig

ht is

can

hel

p in

less

con

gest

ion

arou

nd a

rriv

als a

nd d

epar

ture

sign

s ins

ide

the

airp

ort.

Thi

s can

als

o cu

t dow

n on

con

fusi

on o

n w

here

th

ey n

eed

to b

e an

d al

so m

akin

g it

easi

er fo

r peo

ple

and

cut d

own

on p

eopl

e m

issi

ng fl

ight

s due

to ti

me

spen

t on fi n

ding

th

eir w

ay to

the

gate

and

or t

rans

it st

atio

ns.

Ph

ilade

lphi

a an

d Ea

stw

ick

coul

d be

nefi t

from

thes

e sy

stem

s bec

ause

the

sign

age

as w

ell a

s tic

ket m

achi

nes t

o he

lp p

eopl

e by

mak

ing

the

trip

mor

e effi c

ient

. Th

e st

atio

ns n

ow d

o no

t hav

e an

ythi

ng to

info

rm th

e pa

ssen

gers

of w

hen

the

train

is a

rriv

ing

or w

hat t

he st

atus

of t

he tr

ain

is, m

uch

like

Mar

ket E

ast S

tatio

n ha

s sig

nage

that

tells

if th

e tra

in is

la

te a

nd w

hat t

rack

it w

ill a

rriv

e. T

he st

atio

ns a

t the

airp

ort n

eed

to in

tegr

ate

a sy

stem

that

will

tell

the

trave

lers

wha

t th

e tim

ing

of th

e tra

in fr

om st

atio

n to

stat

ion

to h

elp

info

rm th

e tra

vele

rs o

f wai

t tim

es.

They

als

o co

uld

use

the

syst

em

to te

ll tra

vele

rs o

f whe

n an

d w

here

thei

r gat

es a

re lo

cate

d so

that

they

can

be

sure

of h

ow lo

ng th

at th

ey h

ave

from

the

time

that

they

leav

e th

e pl

atfo

rm to

the

time

that

they

nee

d to

boa

rd th

e pl

ane.

10

4.1

Gui

delin

es fo

r D

esig

n

Th

e m

ain

idea

for t

his p

roje

ct is

to d

evel

op a

des

ign

for T

erm

inal

A a

nd a

con

nect

ion

to T

erm

inal

F a

nd d

evel

op

a un

ifi ed

des

ign

for t

he e

xist

ing

term

inal

stat

ions

. Th

e go

al fo

r the

pro

ject

is to

dev

elop

a m

ore

unifi

ed d

esig

n as

wel

l as

dev

elop

new

syst

ems t

o im

prov

e th

e w

ay th

at p

eopl

e ge

t to

and

from

the

stat

ions

to th

e te

rmin

als.

In d

evel

opin

g th

e te

rmin

al st

atio

ns, a

noth

er g

oal i

s to

deve

lop

East

wic

k st

atio

n to

bec

ome

a ga

tew

ay in

to th

e ai

rpor

t. E

astw

ick

is th

e st

atio

n th

at th

e R

1 st

ops b

efor

e en

terin

g th

e ai

rpor

t cam

pus.

It a

lso

serv

es o

ther

line

s suc

h as

the

R2

whi

ch ta

kes y

ou to

W

ilmin

gton

.

The

East

wic

k st

atio

n is

goi

ng to

be

a pl

ace

whe

re m

ost o

f the

traffi c

will

con

sist

of p

edes

trian

traffi c

. Th

e m

ain

user

s of t

his s

ite is

goi

ng to

be

resi

dent

ial,

airp

ort e

mpl

oyee

s and

trav

eler

s to

and

from

hot

els.

The

mai

n go

al fo

r thi

s st

atio

n is

to re

deve

lop

it to

look

mor

e in

vitin

g as

wel

l as t

o cr

eate

a d

estin

atio

n fo

r the

use

rs to

take

adv

anta

ge o

f suc

h th

ings

as c

once

ssio

n st

ands

or s

hopp

ing.

Th

is p

roje

ct sh

ould

take

into

acc

ount

man

y di

ffere

nt ty

pes o

f ide

as to

hel

p in

form

how

the

new

stat

ions

will

w

ork

as w

ell a

s how

the

exis

ting

will

inco

rpor

ate

the

new

idea

s. T

he u

se o

f oth

er id

eas t

hat a

irpor

ts h

ave

done

in th

e pa

st a

s wel

l as r

ecen

tly, s

uch

as th

e us

e of

diff

eren

t typ

es o

f sig

nage

to sh

ow w

here

pas

seng

ers n

eed

to g

o.

Th

ese

are

just

som

e of

the

thin

gs th

at sh

ould

be

addr

esse

d in

the

desi

gn so

that

it w

ill m

ake

the

stat

ions

wor

k as

a u

nifi e

d sy

stem

. Th

ey sh

ould

incl

ude

the

sam

e id

eas t

hat c

ome

from

the

desi

gn o

f the

new

stat

ions

. Th

e sy

stem

as

of n

ow h

as th

e sa

me

type

of a

rchi

tect

ure

and

layo

ut.

This

pro

ject

nee

ds to

hav

e a

cohe

renc

e to

hel

p th

e pa

ssen

gers

get

fr

om th

e st

atio

n to

the

term

inal

in a

mor

e effi c

ient

way

than

they

hav

e se

t up

as o

f now

.

In d

oing

the

case

stud

ies f

rom

oth

er a

irpor

ts it

has

info

rmed

som

e de

cisi

ons t

hat m

ight

nee

d to

be

addr

esse

d th

at h

ave

not b

een

as o

f now

. Su

ch a

s how

the

desi

gn w

orks

with

all

area

s of h

ow a

n ai

rpor

t is l

aid

out a

nd h

ow th

e pa

ssen

ger e

xper

ienc

es th

e tri

p as

wel

l as m

akin

g it

a m

ore

effi c

ient

syst

em.

Ther

e ar

e m

any

diffe

rent

thin

gs th

at n

eed

to b

e ad

dres

sed

and

it ne

eds t

o w

ork

toge

ther

, the

idea

of r

edev

elop

ing

this

pla

ce is

to c

reat

e a

dest

inat

ion.

4.2

Des

ign

Crit

eria

•W

ay-fi

ndin

g•

Flig

ht S

tatu

s sig

nage

•

Trai

n St

atus

sign

age

•Pa

ssen

ger C

omfo

rt•

Uni

ty o

f pla

tform

s•

Use

of l

ands

cape

•W

ater

Man

agem

ent

•Su

stai

nabi

lity

•So

lar P

ower

•G

reen

Roo

f

4.0

G

uide

lines

and

Des

ign

Cri

teri

a fo

r D

esig

n Im

plem

enta

tion

11

5.0

C

onne

ctin

g Ea

stw

ick

to P

hila

delp

hia

Inte

rnat

iona

l Air

port

5.

1 Si

te S

elec

tion

Th

e R

1 tra

in ru

ns fr

om a

ll ce

nter

city

stop

s and

uni

vers

ity c

ity.

Afte

r lea

ving

the

city

the

only

stop

that

the

R1

mak

es is

at E

astw

ick

Stat

ion.

Thi

s sta

tion

acco

mm

odat

es p

eopl

e th

at e

ither

live

in th

e ne

ighb

orho

od th

at is

loca

ted

to

the

Nor

th w

est o

f the

stat

ion

and

the

Phila

delp

hia

Inte

rnat

iona

l Airp

ort e

mpl

oyee

s. L

ocat

ed so

uth

of E

astw

ick

is a

cel

l ph

one

lot w

here

peo

ple

can

go to

wai

t for

thei

r pic

k up

as w

ell a

s an

empl

oyee

lot.

For

peo

ple

that

are

com

ing

to th

e ci

ty o

f Phi

lade

lphi

a th

ey h

ave

hote

ls a

nd c

omm

erci

al sp

aces

to th

e so

uth

of th

e st

atio

n as

wel

l.

Th

e ai

rpor

t its

elf c

urre

ntly

hol

ds fi

ve tr

ain

stat

ions

that

serv

ice

the

term

inal

s. T

he fi

rst s

top

star

ts a

t ter

min

al A

Ea

st.

The

stat

ion

plat

form

s are

long

and

the

pass

enge

r can

go

from

one

side

of t

he p

latfo

rm a

t ter

min

al A

and

wal

k to

te

rmin

al B

. Th

e sa

me

goes

for t

erm

inal

s C a

nd d

. In

200

3 te

rmin

als A

wes

t and

F w

ere

adde

d. A

wes

t is

Phila

delp

hia’

s new

inte

rnat

iona

l ter

min

al.

Term

inal

F is

the

expr

ess p

lane

term

inal

.

5.2

Exi

stin

g C

ondi

tions

Ea

stw

ick

is a

smal

l sta

tion

that

has

littl

e to

no

amen

ities

for t

he p

asse

nger

s to

use.

It i

s a h

andi

cap

acce

ssib

le

stat

ion

on b

oth

north

and

sout

hbou

nd tr

acks

. Th

e st

atio

n al

so p

rovi

des t

he p

asse

nger

with

a sh

elte

r. T

he sh

elte

rs th

at

are

prov

ided

are

sim

ple

they

are

the

typi

cal b

us st

op e

nclo

sure

. Th

e st

atio

n is

bui

lt ou

t of w

ood

and

look

s ver

y m

uch

like

that

of a

boa

rdw

alk.

On

the

sout

hbou

nd si

de th

ere

is a

cul

desa

c w

here

peo

ple

can

pick

up

and

drop

peo

ple

off a

t th

e st

atio

n. T

he d

o no

t pro

vide

the

pass

enge

rs w

ith a

ny o

ppor

tuni

ties t

o pa

rk th

eir c

ars.

Alo

ng th

e ed

ges o

f the

pave

men

t the

re a

re is

sues

with

stor

mw

ater

and

cau

ses s

tagn

ant w

ater

.

A

t the

airp

ort t

here

are

stat

ions

at a

ll te

rmin

als e

xcep

t for

A w

est a

nd F

. Th

e tra

in ru

ns b

etw

een

the

term

inal

s to

the

east

and

bag

gage

cla

im a

nd p

arki

ng st

ruct

ure.

The

airp

ort c

ampu

s as a

who

le is

a v

ery

dom

inan

t con

cret

e st

ruct

ure.

Th

ere

is so

me

gree

n sp

ace

at th

e en

d of

the

term

inal

s at t

erm

inal

F.

The

spac

e th

at th

ey p

rovi

de a

s gre

en sp

ace

is v

ery

hard

to a

cces

s due

to th

e ci

rcul

atio

n of

veh

icle

s. T

he a

irpor

t has

smal

l 15

by 1

5 sp

aces

for p

eopl

e to

brin

g th

eir d

ogs

alon

g bo

th th

e de

partu

res r

oad

and

taxi

lane

. Th

e de

partu

res r

oad

is lo

cate

d al

ong

the

east

side

of t

he tr

acks

and

the

taxi

lane

is lo

cate

d to

the

wes

t sid

e of

the

track

.

12

5.0

C

onne

ctin

g Ea

stw

ick

to P

hila

delp

hia

Inte

rnat

iona

l Air

port

5.

3 Si

te In

vent

ory

& A

naly

sis-

Eas

twic

k St

atio

nEa

stw

ick

stat

ion

is v

ery

limite

d to

the

spac

e th

at c

an b

e de

velo

ped

but i

t has

man

y op

portu

nitie

s to

impr

ove

wha

t can

be

impr

oved

. Th

ere

are

man

y th

ings

that

nee

d to

be

repl

aced

, suc

h as

the

stat

ions

aut

omat

ed sc

hedu

ling

sign

nee

ds to

be

repl

aced

. Th

e cu

lesa

c is

abo

ut th

e rig

ht si

ze to

be

able

to

put

in a

par

king

lot t

o pr

ovid

e fo

r pas

seng

er p

arki

ng.

The

side

to th

e w

est w

here

the

resi

dent

ial

area

s are

ther

e is

a st

rip o

f ang

led

park

ing

for p

eopl

e th

at a

re c

omin

g fr

om m

ore

than

wal

king

dis

tanc

e fr

om th

e st

atio

n an

d ha

ndic

appe

d ac

cess

ible

ram

ps a

re p

rovi

ded.

To

get

from

one

side

of t

he p

latfo

rm to

the

othe

r the

re is

a b

reak

in th

e fe

nce

to a

llow

peo

ple

to

get t

o th

e ot

her s

ide.

The

re is

not

eno

ugh

room

bet

wee

n th

e ro

ad a

nd th

e ro

ad to

inst

all a

ny k

ind

of

brid

ge o

r tun

nel s

truct

ure.

Thi

s cou

ld c

ause

issu

es o

f peo

ple

wal

king

thro

ugh

the

track

s and

pos

sibl

y w

alki

ng in

to a

onc

omin

g tra

in.

Ther

e sh

ould

be

a sy

stem

inst

alle

d to

pro

vide

the

pass

enge

r a w

arni

ng

that

ther

e is

a tr

ain

com

ing

and

to st

ay o

ff th

e tra

cks.

Als

o in

an

atte

mpt

to k

eep

peop

le o

ff th

e tra

ck

ther

e co

uld

be a

syst

em li

ke th

at o

f a ro

ad c

ross

ing

whe

re a

bar

rier c

ould

be

swun

g do

wn

and

bloc

k th

e pa

ssag

e to

kee

p pe

ople

off

the

track

.

To

brin

g pe

ople

to th

e st

atio

n an

d po

ssib

ly p

eopl

e th

at a

re c

omin

g fr

om th

e ho

tels

ther

e is

an

oppo

rtuni

ty to

pro

vide

a c

omm

erci

al v

endo

r are

as.

Ther

e is

a sp

ace

betw

een

the

road

and

the

plat

form

on

the

wes

t sid

e w

here

it c

ould

be

regr

aded

and

inst

all a

smal

l civ

ic sp

ace.

The

re c

ould

be

a ve

ndor

fo

r cof

fee

and

som

e sm

all f

ood

vend

ing.

O

n th

e ea

st si

de w

here

the

culd

asac

is lo

cate

d th

ere

is a

n op

portu

nity

to u

se v

eget

ated

rain

ga

rden

s to fi x

the

issu

es o

f sto

rmw

ater

bec

omin

g st

agna

nt.

The

site

is n

atur

ally

slop

ed to

war

ds th

e st

atio

n. T

he m

ost i

deal

pla

ce to

put

them

wou

ld b

e in

fron

t of t

he st

atio

n an

d on

bot

h si

des o

f the

side

wal

k to

cap

ture

the

wat

er c

omin

g fr

om th

e la

wn

area

and

to c

aptu

re th

e w

ater

that

will

be

com

ing

off o

f the

par

king

lot.

13

5.0

C

onne

ctin

g Ea

stw

ick

to P

hila

delp

hia

Inte

rnat

iona

l Air

port

Inve

ntor

y Ta

ken

of A

ll Pl

ante

r bed

s or P

lant

ing

Stru

ctur

es in

the

Proj

ect A

rea

14

5.0

C

onne

ctin

g Ea

stw

ick

to P

hila

delp

hia

Inte

rnat

iona

l Air

port

Inve

ntor

y Ta

ken

of A

ll Su

rfac

e C

over

ages

Oth

er T

han

Con

cret

e or

Asp

halt

15

5.0

C

onne

ctin

g Ea

stw

ick

to P

hila

delp

hia

Inte

rnat

iona

l Air

port

16

5.0

C

onne

ctin

g Ea

stw

ick

to P

hila

delp

hia

Inte

rnat

iona

l Air

port

5.4

Site

Inve

ntor

y an

d A

naly

sis-

Phi

lade

lphi

a In

tern

atio

nal A

irpo

rt

The

train

split

s off

of th

e tra

cks t

hat i

t tak

es fr

om c

ente

r city

and

brid

ges o

ver i

nter

stat

e 95

and

circ

les a

roun

d to

ent

er th

e te

rmin

als a

t A w

est.

As t

he tr

ain

com

es in

to th

e st

atio

ns a

t the

airp

ort t

he tr

ain

pass

es b

y th

e Jo

hn H

einz

W

ildlif

e Pr

eser

ve w

hich

pro

vide

s the

pas

seng

er a

gre

at v

iew

of t

he n

atur

al w

etla

nds a

nd fo

rest

that

giv

es a

per

spec

tive

of w

hat t

he si

te u

sed

to b

e be

fore

the

deve

lopm

ent o

f the

are

a. A

s the

trai

n pa

sses

ove

r the

brid

ge p

asse

nger

s get

a c

lear

un

obst

ruct

ed v

iew

of c

ente

r city

. Th

e in

tern

atio

nal t

erm

inal

whi

ch is

one

of P

hila

delp

hia

Inte

rnat

iona

l Airp

orts

new

est

term

inal

s is a

2 st

ory

term

inal

. Th

e se

cond

stor

y ov

erha

ngs o

ver t

he d

epar

ture

and

trai

n tra

cks.

The

re is

a p

arki

ng lo

t to

the

wes

t of t

he tr

acks

und

er th

e se

cond

stor

y. O

nce

past

the

inte

rnat

iona

l ter

min

al th

e tra

in p

asse

s und

er tw

o te

rmin

al b

ridge

s tha

t tak

es p

asse

nger

s fro

m th

e se

curit

y ch

eckp

oint

s and

che

ck in

des

ks to

the

bagg

age

clai

m.

Term

inal

A

and

B h

ave

a co

mbi

ned

plat

form

so th

at th

e en

tire

3-4

car t

rain

can

stop

and

let p

asse

nger

s off

at o

ne p

oint

. Te

rmin

als C

and

d a

re th

e sa

me,

the

plat

form

ext

ends

the

leng

th b

etw

een

the

term

inal

C b

ridge

to th

e te

rmin

al d

brid

ge.

Onc

e yo

u ge

t to

term

inal

E w

hich

now

serv

ices

term

inal

s E a

nd F

is h

alf t

he si

ze o

f the

oth

er st

atio

ns.

This

is

prob

lem

atic

bec

ause

it fo

rces

the

pass

enge

r who

is g

oing

to te

rmin

al F

to g

o up

and

ove

r the

term

inal

e b

ridge

and

then

ov

er to

term

inal

F.

The

gene

ral p

asse

nger

circ

ulat

ion

if ve

ry p

oor a

nd si

gnag

e is

just

as m

uch

a pr

oble

m.

The

sign

age

for t

he p

asse

nger

s is l

imite

d an

d on

ly a

ppea

rs w

here

the

door

s to

the

plat

form

s are

.

Th

e vi

ews o

f cen

ter c

ity a

s wel

l as t

he v

iew

of J

ohn

Hei

nz W

ildlif

e Pr

eser

ve a

re tw

o m

ajor

vie

ws t

hat a

s the

pa

ssen

gers

on

the

train

will

see.

The

y ar

e bo

th v

isib

le to

the

pass

enge

r goi

ng b

oth

way

s. P

asse

nger

s get

a b

ette

r vie

w

of b

oth

view

s on

the

way

to c

ente

r city

, whi

ch c

an p

rovi

de th

e ex

perie

nce

as a

icon

for p

eopl

e co

min

g to

Phi

lade

lphi

a fr

om o

ther

pla

ces.

O

nce

in th

e te

rmin

als t

he tr

ain

corr

idor

bec

omes

ver

y is

olat

ed.

It is

stuc

k in

bet

wee

n tw

o bu

ildin

gs a

nd ro

ads

on e

ither

side

ther

efor

e m

akin

g th

e ex

perie

nce

of g

ettin

g to

the

train

mor

e of

a h

assl

e an

d ev

en st

ress

ful T

he ta

xi la

ne is

a

two

lane

road

with

som

e pu

ll of

f are

as b

ut n

ot a

t all

stat

ions

. Th

e ta

xi la

ne d

ispa

tche

r onl

y le

ts a

min

imal

am

ount

of

taxi

s or l

imou

sine

s thr

ough

at a

tim

e. T

here

fore

cut

ting

the

road

dow

n to

a o

ne la

ne ro

ad a

nd p

rovi

ding

a p

ull o

ff fo

r ta

xis t

hat a

re w

aitin

g. T

his a

llow

s oth

ers t

o pa

ss b

y an

d no

t hav

e to

wai

t for

oth

ers t

o ge

t out

of t

he w

ay.

17

6.1

Prog

ram

and

Con

cept

Dev

elop

men

t:

Eas

twic

k Tr

ain

Stat

ion

East

wic

k tra

in st

atio

n ha

s a v

ery

spec

ifi c

and

sim

ple

prog

ram

. It

will

be

desi

gned

to b

e th

e ga

tew

ay in

to th

e ai

rpor

t cam

pus.

The

stat

ion

is si

mpl

y fo

r the

peo

ple

that

live

in th

e ar

ea a

s wel

l as t

he p

eopl

e w

orki

ng a

t the

Ph

ilade

lphi

a In

tern

atio

nal A

irpor

t. T

he p

rogr

am fo

r the

stat

ion

incl

udes

:

-

Orig

inal

Pla

tform

Des

ign-

Upd

ate

mat

eria

ls to

new

woo

d pl

atfo

rm

- Pa

rkin

g Lo

t- A

ccom

mod

ate

for D

aily

Use

onl

y no

long

term

par

king

-

Civ

ic/S

eatin

g A

reas

- Ven

dors

for F

ood

and

Drin

ks

-

Rai

n G

arde

n St

orm

wat

er M

anag

emen

t Sys

tem

s

- H

andi

cap

Acc

essi

bilit

y

- Pr

ovid

e N

ew S

helte

rs-

Acc

omm

odat

e fo

r hea

vier

pas

seng

er u

sage

Th

e de

velo

pmen

t of t

he st

atio

n w

as d

one

thro

ugh

the

anal

ysis

of w

hat t

he su

rrou

ndin

g ar

ea in

clud

es a

nd w

hat

the

need

s of t

he u

sers

that

surr

ound

the

stat

ion

will

nee

d. T

he n

eed

for P

hila

delp

hia

Inte

rnat

iona

l Airp

ort e

mpl

oyee

s ne

ed e

ase

of tr

ansp

orta

tion

to a

nd fr

om th

e offi c

e an

d th

e te

rmin

als.

The

nee

d fo

r the

resi

denc

e to

the

wes

t of t

he

stat

ion

also

nee

d a

way

to g

et to

the

airp

ort.

The

dev

elop

men

t of t

his s

tatio

n al

so w

ill p

rovi

de p

eopl

e w

ith th

e op

portu

nity

to ta

ke th

e tra

in to

and

from

the

airp

ort a

nd re

duci

ng th

e am

ount

of v

ehic

ular

traffi c

on

the

airp

ort c

ampu

s.

One

mai

n is

sue

that

was

app

aren

t whe

n do

ing

anal

ysis

was

that

ther

e is

a m

ajor

issu

e w

ith v

ehic

ular

traffi c

. Th

e co

ncep

t for

this

dev

elop

men

t is t

o be

com

e a

dest

inat

ion

stat

ion.

The

airp

orts

bee

n re

mod

elin

g th

eir t

erm

inal

s to

beco

me

a m

ore

dest

inat

ion

airp

ort s

o th

at p

eopl

e ca

n co

me

to th

e ai

rpor

t and

be

self

sust

aine

d an

d no

t hav

e to

brin

g an

ythi

ng.

The

airp

ort h

as m

any

diffe

rent

type

s of

food

and

oth

er st

ores

to p

rovi

de th

e pa

ssen

gers

with

man

y di

ffere

nt

amen

ities

.

6.0

R

edev

elop

men

t of

the

Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Expe

rien

ce

6.2

Prog

ram

and

Con

cept

Dev

elop

men

t:

Phila

delp

hia

Inte

rnat

iona

l Air

port

The

prog

ram

for t

he tr

ain

stat

ions

at t

he a

irpor

t bas

ical

ly st

ay th

e sa

me.

The

onl

y st

atio

n th

at h

as th

e di

ffer-

ent p

rogr

am is

A w

est t

he in

tern

atio

nal t

erm

inal

whi

ch is

und

er th

e se

cond

fl oo

r of t

he b

uild

ing.

The

mai

n id

ea th

atco

ntin

ues t

hrou

gh th

e st

atio

ns is

the

idea

of t

he fa

ke fa

cade

s. T

he fa

cade

s com

e fr

om th

e w

indo

w st

ruct

ure

on th

e si

de o

f the

bui

ldin

g fa

cing

the

train

as t

he tr

ain

ente

rs th

e ai

rpor

t. T

he p

rogr

am in

clud

es:

-F

ake

Faca

de- M

imic

the

Win

dow

Stru

ctur

e

- Sol

ar P

ower

- Use

to p

ower

eac

h st

atio

n

- Gre

en R

oof-

Acc

omm

odat

e th

e w

ater

that

land

s on

the

stat

ion

roof

tops

- D

irect

Pat

h to

Bag

gage

Cla

im- A

ccom

mod

ate

Pass

enge

rs th

at n

eed

dire

ct a

cces

s

- Pla

ntin

gs a

nd P

lant

ing

desc

riptio

n Si

gnag

e- T

each

pas

seng

ers o

f wha

t is b

eing

don

e to

enh

ance

exp

erie

nce

- L

ight

ing

- I

nteg

rate

d Si

gnag

e- T

ells

Pas

seng

ers W

hen

Trai

ns W

ill A

rriv

e

- Arr

ival

and

Dep

artu

res S

igna

ge

Th

e tra

in st

atio

ns a

t the

airp

ort h

ave

a sp

ecifi

c pr

ogra

m a

nd th

ey st

ick

to th

at p

rogr

am a

t eac

h an

d ev

ery

stat

ion.

In

deve

lopi

ng th

e st

atio

ns o

ne k

ey id

ea w

as th

e dr

ivin

g fo

rce

behi

nd h

ow th

e pa

ssen

ger g

ets t

o an

d fr

om

the

stat

ion,

and

that

was

the

idea

that

peo

ple

are

com

ing

to th

e ai

rpor

t to

get o

ff th

e tra

in a

nd g

et to

whe

re th

ey a

re

goin

g. T

here

is o

f cou

rse

the

exce

ptio

n w

here

som

e pe

ople

com

e a

few

hou

rs a

hea

d of

tim

e so

that

they

do

not

have

to ru

sh.

Ther

efor

e ho

pefu

lly th

is sp

ace

that

is c

reat

ed e

ntic

es th

em to

wal

k al

ong

the

track

to se

e th

e di

ffere

nt

spac

es a

nd st

atio

ns.

The

path

s tha

t go

from

Bag

gage

cla

im a

re st

raig

ht a

nd v

ery

dire

ct b

ecau

se o

f the

nee

d to

get

pe

ople

to g

et to

thei

r ter

min

als.

The

pat

hs th

at c

onne

ct th

e st

atio

ns w

ind

mor

e or

gani

cally

to m

ake

the

expe

rienc

e m

ore

enjo

yabl

e.

18

Fina

l Mas

ter P

lan

of P

hila

delp

hia

Inte

rnat

iona

l Airp

ort

7.0

Tr

ansf

orm

ing

the

Tran

spor

tati

on E

xper

ienc

eR

esul

ts

19

7.0

Tr

ansf

orm

ing

the

Tran

spor

tati

on E

xper

ienc

eR

esul

ts

20

7.0

Tr

ansf

orm

ing

the

Tran

spor

tati

on E

xper

ienc

eR

esul

ts

21

7.0

Tr

ansf

orm

ing

the

Tran

spor

tati

on E

xper

ienc

eR

esul

ts

22

7.0

Tr

ansf

orm

ing

the

Tran

spor

tati

on E

xper

ienc

eR

esul

ts

23

7.0

Tr

ansf

orm

ing

the

Tran

spor

tati

on E

xper

ienc

eR

esul

ts

24

7.0

Tr

ansf

orm

ing

the

Tran

spor

tati

on E

xper

ienc

eR

esul

ts

25

7.0

Tr

ansf

orm

ing

the

Tran

spor

tati

on E

xper

ienc

eR

esul

ts

26

7.0

Tr

ansf

orm

ing

the

Tran

spor

tati

on E

xper

ienc

eR

esul

ts

27

8.0

M

ater

ials

Use

d In

Des

ign

Th

e 10

foot

wal

l tha

t sep

arat

es th

e tra

in tr

acks

from

the

depa

rture

s roa

d is

a li

ving

wal

l. T

he sy

stem

is c

onst

ruct

ed w

ith 5

food

sect

ions

that

ca

n be

slid

e ou

t of p

lace

. Th

is is

for e

asy

mai

nten

ance

so th

at th

e ai

rpor

t mai

nten

ance

cre

ws c

an si

mpl

y re

mov

e th

e se

ctio

ns th

at d

ie ra

ther

than

an

entir

e w

all.

In th

e w

inte

r tim

e th

ey c

an re

mov

e th

e de

ad v

eget

atio

n an

d im

plem

ent s

lides

that

hav

e ev

ergr

een

plan

ts to

giv

e a

sim

ilar l

ook

but d

if-fe

rent

text

ures

.

28

8.0

M

ater

ials

Use

d In

Des

ign

Arti

stic

Rel

iefs

des

igne

d by

arti

sts b

oth

loca

lly a

nd in

tern

atio

nally

Land

scap

e Li

ghtin

g us

ed in

the A

wes

t ter

min

al

Cis

tern

Tan

ks fo

r eac

h te

rmin

al to

col

lect

the

wat

er ru

noff

to re

use

for

wat

erin

g pl

antin

gs a

nd tr

ees

Scul

ptur

e de

sign

ed b

y A

lexa

nder

Cal

der u

sed

in A

wes

t

29

9.0

Tr

ansf

orm

ing

Tran

spor

tati

on C

oncl

usio

ns

9.1

Les

sons

Lea

rned

Thro

ugh

rese

arch

of t

he p

roje

ct, a

s wel

l as p

erso

nal e

xper

ienc

e, th

e tra

in to

the

airp

ort h

as

beco

me

the

next

big

dev

elop

men

t at m

ost m

ajor

airp

orts

. Th

e ai

rpor

ts th

at w

ere

stud

ied

are

loca

ted

in

maj

or c

ities

just

like

Phi

lade

lphi

a. T

he a

irpor

t’s d

evel

opm

ent o

f the

way

the

stat

ions

inte

ract

with

the

desi

gn h

elps

to e

ntic

e pe

ople

to u

se th

em.

Man

y ot

her c

ities

use

ligh

t rai

l or m

onor

ail s

yste

ms b

e-ca

use

of th

e pr

oxim

ity o

f the

airp

orts

to th

e ci

ties.

On

the

othe

r han

d, P

hila

delp

hia

wou

ld n

ot b

enefi

t fr

om th

is ty

pe o

f tra

in b

ecau

se o

f the

dis

tanc

e in

whi

ch it

trav

els.

Th

e R

egio

nal R

ail f

rom

SEP

TA a

lso

has t

he n

etw

ork

for t

he R

1 se

t up

so th

at o

nce

it ge

ts to

th

e ai

rpor

t it w

ill th

en c

hang

e lin

es a

nd g

o to

eith

er C

ente

r City

or a

subu

rbs o

f the

city

. Th

eref

ore

by

elim

inat

ing

the

othe

r tra

ck a

t the

airp

ort t

he w

ay th

at th

e sc

hedu

le is

set u

p th

ere

will

nev

er b

e a

confl

ict b

etw

een

any

of th

e tra

ins.

If th

ere

are

any

dela

ys a

nd th

ere

is a

confl i

ct th

en th

ere

is sp

ace

whe

re th

e tra

in c

omin

g in

to th

e ai

rpor

t cam

pus c

an sw

itch

over

and

let t

he o

ther

trai

n pa

ss.

In

doi

ng th

is p

roje

ct so

me

impo

rtant

less

ons l

earn

ed a

re h

ow to

des

ign

for a

pro

ject

whe

re th

e fi r

st th

ing

on so

meo

ne’s

min

d is

to g

et to

ther

e de

stin

atio

n an

d ho

w c

an th

e la

ndsc

ape

wor

k to

that

be

havi

or.

As w

ell a

s w

ays i

n w

hich

to im

prov

e th

e w

ay th

at p

eopl

e w

alk

thro

ugh

a si

te.

The

way

that

th

e pl

antin

gs a

re d

esig

ned

can

eith

er k

eep

peop

le o

n th

e pa

th o

r hid

e vi

ews f

rom

peo

ple

so th

at if

they

do

hav

e th

e tim

e to

spen

d ex

plor

ing

the

spac

e.

30

10.0

Ref

eren

ces

-- A

shfo

rd, N

., N

. M. H

awki

ns, M

. O’L

eary

, D. B

enne

tts, a

nd P

. De

McG

inity

. “PA

SSEN

GER

BEH

AVIO

R A

ND

D

ESIG

N O

F A

IRPO

RT T

ERM

INA

LS.”

PAS

SEN

GER

BEH

AVIO

R AN

D D

ESIG

N O

F AI

RPO

RT T

ERM

INAL

S (1

976)

: 18

-26.

Abs

tract

.: n.

pag

. Prin

t.

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ocia

tes.,

Lei

gh F

ishe

r. St

rate

gies

for i

mpr

ovin

g pu

blic

tran

spor

tatio

n ac

cess

to la

rge

airp

orts

. Was

hing

ton,

D.C

: Tr

ansp

orta

tion

Res

earc

h B

oard

, 200

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04. P

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e Li

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ail t

o th

e Airp

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ay 2

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ay 2

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<ht

tp://

ww

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stor

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tshe

etai

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t.pdf

>

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fvill

e, R

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e. A

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rt S

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ill In

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is C

harle

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lle A

irpor

t Gui

de -

Paris

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atio

nal A

irpor

t Hot

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ar P

arki

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d M

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Web

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0. <

http

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ww

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is-c

dg.c

om/>

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ris N

et -

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rans

fers

: Par

is A

irpor

t Tax

i, A

irpor

t Bus

, Met

ro S

tatio

n C

harle

s De

Gau

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nd O

rly A

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Paris

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ent i

n Pa

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31