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What Is a Phobia? A phobia is defined as the
unrelenting fear of a situation,
activity, or thing that causes
one to want to avoid it.
Women tend to be twice as
likely to suffer from a phobia
compared to men.
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Different Types ofPhobias? There are several types of phobias, including
social, situational, animal, and specificphobias (fear of particular items or objects).
While the list of phobias is almost endless,we'll take a look at some of the most commonphobias on the next slides.
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Phobia - dx
Q. DSM-IV-TR, list five criteria for specific
phobia in adults, what are they?
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Phobia dx - 1
Ans.
1. Excessive and persistent fear, cued by an
object or situation.
2. Exposure to the object or situation causes
anxiety response.
3. Pt recognizes the fear is unreasonable.
see next slide
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phobia dx - 2
4. The phobic situation is avoided or endured
with intense distress.
5. [usually DSM expectation that] causes
dysfunction or distress.
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Phobic Disorders
Phobias
1. Specific phobias
2. Social phobia
3. Agoraphobia
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Specific Phobias
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Social Phobia Also known as social
anxiety disorder, socialphobia is an excessive
fear of embarrassmentin social situations.Examples include fearsof public speaking,
meeting new people,and other socialsituations.
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Agoraphobia Agoraphobia is a fear of in a situation from
which one either cannot escape or from which
escaping would be difficult or humiliating.
Although agoraphobia, like other mental
disorders, it also tends to run in families and
for some people, may have a clear genetic
factor.
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Claustrophobia Claustrophobia is an
abnormal and persistent
fear of closed spaces, as
in elevators, tunnels, or
any other confined
space. This type of fear
is excessive and quitecommon.
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Zoophobia Zoophobia is a term that encompasses fears of
specific types of animals such as spiders
(arachnophobia), snakes (ophidiophobia),
birds (ornithophobia), bees (apiphobia), etc.
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Acrophobia Acrophobia is an
abnormally
excessive and
persistent fear of
heights.
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Aerophobia An abnormal and persistent fear of flying is
called aerophobia. This phobia generally
develops after a person witnesses a plane
crash or loses a family member in a plane
crash or accident.
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Blood-Injection-InjuryPhobias Blood-injection-injury
phobias consist of several
specific phobias including
fear of blood (hemophobia),
injury phobia, and fear of
receiving an injection(trypanophobia or
aichmophobia).
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Effects of Phobias If left untreated, a phobia
may worsen to the point atwhich the person's life isseriously affected.
There may be periods ofspontaneous improvement,but a phobia does not usuallygo away unless the person
receives treatments. Alcoholics can be up to 10
times more likely to suffer.
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Causes and Risk Factors for Phobias
it is thought that phobias runin families, or can betriggered by life events.
Phobia sufferers have beenfound to be more likely tomanage stress by avoidingthe stressful situation and by
having difficulty minimizingthe intensity of the fearfulsituation.
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Signs and Symptoms ofPhobias Symptoms of phobias often
involve having a panic attack
as well as physical symptomslike shaking, sweating, rapid
heartbeat, trouble breathing,
and an overwhelming desire
to escape the situation.
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How Are Phobiasevaluated? Many health-care providers may help diagnose
phobias specialists whom you see for a medicalcondition, psychiatrists, psychologists, and socialworkers.
you may need to submit to a medical interviewand physical examination.
A phobia may be associated with a number ofother mental -health conditions, especially other
anxiety disorders. Routine laboratory tests are often performed
during the initial evaluation to rule out otherpossible causes of the symptoms.
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Treatment of Phobias Exposing them to
circumstances that areincreasingly close to the
one they are phobic. A second method is
cognitive behavioraltherapy (CBT), which helpsin changing the way ofthinking of the sufferer.
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Three techniques to accomplish this goal:
Didactic component: This phase helps to set uppositive expectations for therapy and promote thephobia sufferer's cooperation.
Cognitive component: It helps to identify thethoughts and assumptions that influence theperson's behavior.
Behavioral component: This employs behavior-modifying techniques to teach the individual with aphobia more effective strategies for dealing withproblems.
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Medications to TreatPhobias Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
medications are often used to treat phobias. These
medications affect levels of serotonin in the brain.
Examples of these medications include fluoxetine(Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), paroxetine (Paxil),
fluvoxamine (Luvox), citalopram (Celexa), and
escitalopram (Lexapro).